Table Of ContentEU Global Strategy and Human
Security
This volume examines the EU’s Global Strategy in relation to human security approaches
to conflict.
Contemporary conflicts are best understood as a social condition in which armed
groups mobilise sectarian and fundamentalist sentiments and construct a predatory
economy through which they enrich themselves at the expense of ordinary citizens. This
volume provides a timely contribution to debates over the role of the EU on the global
stage and its contribution to peace and security, at a time when these discussions are rein-
vigorated by the adoption of the EU Global Strategy. It discusses the significance of the
Strategic Review and the Global Strategy for the re- articulation of EU conflict preven-
tion, crisis management, peacebuilding, and development policies in the next few years.
It also addresses the key issues facing EU security in the 21st century, including the con-
flicts in Ukraine, Libya and Syria, border security, cyber- security and the role of the
private security sector. The book concludes by proposing that the EU adopts a second-
generation human security approach to conflicts, as an alternative to geopolitics or the
‘War on Terror’, taking forward the principles of human security and adapting them to
21st-century realities.
This book will be of interest to students of human security, European foreign and
security policy, peace and conflict studies, global governance and IR in general.
Mary Kaldor is Professor of Global Governance and Director of the Conflict and Civil
Society Research Unit at the London School of Economics, UK. Her books include
Human Security: Reflections on Globalization and Intervention (2007), Global Civil
Society: An Answer to War (2003) and New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a
Global Era (1999).
Iavor Rangelov is Assistant Professorial Research Fellow at the Conflict and Civil
Society Research Unit, London School of Economics, UK. He is the author of National-
ism and the Rule of Law: Lessons from the Balkans and Beyond (2014) and co- editor of
The Handbook of Global Security Policy (2014).
Sabine Selchow is Research Fellow in the ARC-L aureate Program ‘Inventing the Inter-
national’ at the University of Sydney and Research Associate at the Conflict and Civil
Society Research Unit, London School of Economics, UK. She is the author of Negoti-
ations of the ‘New World’: The Omnipresence of Global as a Political Phenomenon
(2017) and co- editor of Subterranean Politics in Europe (2015).
Routledge Studies in Human Security
Series Editors:
Mary Martin
London School of Economics
and
Taylor Owen
University of Oxford
The aim of this series is to provide a coherent body of academic and practitioner
insight which is capable of stimulating further consideration of the concept of
human security, its impact on security scholarship and on the development of
new security practices.
National, European and Human Security
From Co- Existence to Convergence
Edited by Mary Martin, Mary Kaldor and Narcís Serra
State Responses to Human Security
At Home and Abroad
Edited by Courtney Hillebrecht, Tyler White and Patrice McMahon
Human Security, Changing States and Global Responses
Institutions and Practices
Edited by Sangmin Bae and Makoto Maruyama
Gendering Human Security in Afghanistan
In a Time of Western Intervention
Ben Walter
EU Global Strategy and Human Security
Rethinking Approaches to Conflict
Edited by Mary Kaldor, Iavor Rangelov and Sabine Selchow
Climate Change, Policy and Security
State and Human Impacts
Edited by Donald Wallace and Daniel Silander
For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/
Routledge-S tudies-in-H uman-Security/book-s eries/HSS
EU Global Strategy and
Human Security
Rethinking Approaches to Conflict
Edited by Mary Kaldor, Iavor Rangelov
and Sabine Selchow
First published 2018
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2018 selection and editorial matter, Mary Kaldor, Iavor Rangelov and
Sabine Selchow; individual chapters, the contributors
The right of Mary Kaldor, Iavor Rangelov and Sabine Selchow to be
identified as the authors of the editorial matter, and of the authors for their
individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and
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without intent to infringe.
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ISBN: 978-1-138-09896-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-1-315-10423-2 (ebk)
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Contents
List of illustrations vii
Notes on contributors viii
Introduction 1
MARY KALDOR, IAvOR RANGELOv AND SABINE SELCHOW
PART I
Background 11
1 Assessing Mogherini’s ‘The European Union in a Changing
Global Environment’ from within a ‘reflexive modern’
world 13
SABINE SELCHOW
PART II
Conflicts 29
2 Review of the EU policy for Ukraine 31
TYMOFIY MYLOvANOv, YURI M. ZHUKOv AND
YURIY GORODNICHENKO
3 EU in the Western Balkans: hybrid development, hybrid
security and hybrid justice 46
vESNA BOjICIC- DZELILOvIC, DENISA KOSTOvICOvA AND
ELISA RANDAZZO
4 EU Syria engagement from a human security perspective 64
RIM TURKMANI
vi Contents
5 EU policies in the DR Congo: misaligned ambitions 85
vALERIE ARNOULD AND KOEN vLASSENROOT
6 A human security strategy for the European Union in the
Horn of Africa and Red Sea 103
ALEX DE WAAL AND RACHEL IBRECK
PART III
Policy arenas 121
7 Europe’s failed ‘fight’ against irregular migration 123
RUBEN ANDERSSON
8 EU approaches to justice in conflict and transition 142
IAvOR RANGELOv, MARIKA THEROS AND NATAšA KANDIć
9 Human security and sanctions, from security to governance:
strengthening EU capacities and involving the locals 158
FRANCESCO GIUMELLI
10 Cybersecurity: a case for a European approach 175
GENEvIÈvE SCHMÉDER AND EMMANUEL DARMOIS
11 Private partnerships, public peace: the role of the private
sector in second- generation human security 195
MARY MARTIN
Conclusion: the EU Global Strategy and contemporary
conflicts – how much second- generation human security is
possible? 213
MARY KALDOR AND SABINE SELCHOW
Appendix: from hybrid peace to human security – rethinking EU
strategy towards conflict 227
Index 229
Illustrations
Figures
2.1 violence in the East of Ukraine. Minsk I and II are ceasefire
agreements 32
2.2 Rebel violence and rebel control of the territory 36
2.3 Proportion of Russian speakers residing in each municipality,
and the proportion of the local labour force employed in three
industries 37
7.1 Irregular migration routes from West Africa towards Europe 125
Table
12.1 Content of the ESS 2003 and EUGS 2016 216
Contributors
Ruben Andersson is an anthropologist and Associate Professor of Migration
and Development at Oxford University’s Department of International Devel-
opment, University of Oxford. His book Illegality, Inc.: Clandestine Migra-
tion and the Business of Bordering Europe is published by the University of
California Press.
Valerie Arnould is Senior Research Fellow with the Africa Programme at the
Egmont – Royal Institute for International Relations and a Research Associ-
ate with the Leuven Institute of Criminology, Catholic University of Leuven.
Her areas of expertise are transitional justice, political and security dynamics
in Central Africa, and peacebuilding.
Vesna Bojicic- Dzelilovic is Associate Professorial Research Fellow at the Con-
flict and Civil Society Research Unit, Department of International Develop-
ment, and an associate fellow of the South East Europe Research Unit at the
European Institute, at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
Her main areas of research are political economy of conflict and post- conflict
reconstruction, postcommunist economic transition, political economy of
policy making, decentralisation and regional development. She has published
academic and policy papers on these topics with a focus on South East
Europe.
Emmanuel Darmois is a French specialist of Information and Communication
Technologies. He started his career by teaching Computer Science and
working on Artificial Intelligence. He has since occupied a variety of posi-
tions in the industry, in research, technical strategy and development, or
standardisation. He is currently involved in projects with the European Com-
mission on Cloud Computing and Internet of Things.
Alex de Waal is Executive Director of the World Peace Foundation and
Research Professor at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts
University. He has worked extensively on issues of humanitarianism, con-
flict and peace, especially in the Horn of Africa, and is author of The Real
Politics of the Horn of Africa: Money, War and the Business of Power
(Polity 2015).
Contributors ix
Francesco Giumelli is Senior Lecturer in the Department of International Rela-
tions and International Organization at the University of Groningen. He was
previously jean Monnet Fellow at the European University Institute and
Fellow at the Kroc Institute of Notre Dame University. He is author of The
Success of Sanctions: Lessons Learned from the EU Experience (2013) and
Coercing, Constraining and Signalling: Explaining UN and EU Sanctions
after the Cold War (2011).
Yuriy Gorodnichenko is an Associate Professor of Economics at the University
of California Berkeley. His research focuses on a broad set of topics, includ-
ing public finance, economic development, international economics, and
econometrics. He received a Ph.D. from the Department of Economics at the
University of Michigan.
Rachel Ibreck is Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the Depart-
ment of Politics and International Relations at Goldsmiths, University of
London. Her research focuses on human rights activism and conflict in Africa,
and she has previously worked on land disputes in South Sudan for the justice
and Security Research Programme at the London School of Economics and
Political Science.
Mary Kaldor is Professor of Global Governance, Director of the Conflict and
Civil Society Research Unit and CEO of the DFID- funded Conflict Research
Programme at the London School of Economics and Political Science. She is
the author of numerous books, including Human Security: Reflections on Glo-
balization and Intervention (2007), Global Civil Society: An Answer to War
(2003) and New and Old Wars (1999). She was co- chair of the Helsinki
Citizens Assembly, a member of the International Independent Commission
on Kosovo, and convenor of the Human Security Study Group, which
reported to javier Solana and Federica Mogherini.
Nataša Kandić has been a dedicated human rights activist since her student
days. Most of her projects and actions were implemented through the Human-
itarian Law Center (Serbia), which she founded in 1992, and Humanitarin
Law Center Kosovo, which became an independent organisation in 2010. She
currently coordinates the regional fact-fi nding and reconciliation process
known as the RECOM Initiative, dealing with human losses during the wars
in the former Yugoslavia. Her work made powerful local impact and
prompted wide international recognition.
Denisa Kostovicova is Associate Professor in Global Politics at the Department
of Government, London School of Economics and Political Science. Her
research interests include civil society, human security and post-c onflict
reconstruction and state-b uilding. She is the author of Kosovo: The Politics of
Identity and Space.
Mary Martin is director of the UN Business and Human Security Initiative at
the London School of Economics and Political Science, part of the LSE
