EU Copyright Law: A Commentary

1244 Pages·2021·4.966 MB·English

by  Irini Stamatoudi and Paul Torremans

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EU COPYRIGHT LAW
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EU COPYRIGHT LAW
A Commentary
Second Edition
Editedby
IRINI STAMATOUDI
Professor,SchoolofLaw,UniversityofNicosia,Cyprus
PAUL TORREMANS
ProfessorofIntellectualPropertyLaw,SchoolofLaw,UniversityofNottingham,UK
ELGAR COMMENTARIES
Cheltenham, UK + Northampton, MA, USA
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CONTENTS
Extendedcontents vii
Listofcontributors xxvii
Tableofcases xxix
Tableoflegalinstruments xliii
Introduction 1
IriniStamatoudiandPaulTorremans
PARTI GENERALPRINCIPLESOFEUROPEANCOPYRIGHT
1. IsthereaconceptofEuropeancopyrightlaw?History,evolution,policiesandpoliticsand
theacquiscommunautaire 6
AgnèsLucas-Schloetter
2. Theprincipleofnon-discrimination 17
CristianaSappa
3. Theprincipleoffreemovementofgoods:communityexhaustionandparallelimports 33
BenedettaUbertazzi
4. Theessentialfacilitiesprincipleandotherissuesofcompetition 44
AlisonFirth
PARTII THEEUDIRECTIVESANDREGULATIONS
5. TheSoftwareDirective 75
Marie-ChristineJanssens
6. TheRentalandLendingRightsDirective 118
SylvieNérisson
7. TheSatelliteandCableDirective 151
JanRosén
8. TheTermDirective 180
GemmaMinero
9. TheDatabaseDirective 216
EstelleDerclaye
10. TheResaleRightDirective 255
JensGasterandIriniStamatoudi
11. TheInformationSocietyDirective 279
ChristopheGeiger,FranciskaSchönherr,IriniStamatoudi,PaulTorremansandStavroulaKarapapa
12. TheEnforcementDirective 381
IriniStamatoudiandOlivierVrins
13. TheOrphanWorksDirective 479
UmaSuthersanenandMariaMercedesFrabboni
14. TheCollectiveRightsManagementDirective 515
LucieGuibaultandSabineJacques
15. ThePortabilityRegulation 575
KatjaWeckströmLindroosandNguyenHoBichHang
v
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CONTENTS
16. TheMarrakeshTreatyonCertainPermittedUsesfortheBenefitofBlind,VisuallyImpaired
andPrint-disabledPersons 610
RaquelXalabarder
17. TheDigitalSingleMarketDirective 651
IriniStamatoudiandPaulTorremans
18. Accessandre-useofpublicsectorinformationinacopyrightperspective 762
CristianaSappa
19. AUnitedStatesperspectiveonDigitalSingleMarketDirectiveArticle17 782
JaneC.Ginsburg
20. TheNetcabDirective 798
TomRivers
PARTIII EUPOLICIESANDACTIONS
21. TheEUpoliciesandactionsinthefightagainstpiracy 814
OlivierVrins
22. BringingEurope’sculturalheritageonline:initiativesandchallenges 937
NadineKlass,HajoRuppandJuliaWildgans
23. Froma‘DigitalAgendaforEurope’,toa‘DigitalSingleMarket’,toa‘EuropeFitforthe
DigitalAge’:adecadeofEuropeanUnioncopyrightpolicyintheshadowofcrises 967
BenjaminFarrand
24. IntellectualpropertyandtheEUrulesonprivateinternationallaw:matchormismatch? 989
PaulTorremans
25. TheexportofEUcopyrightlaw:theexampleoftheFreeTradeAgreements 1024
ZoiMavroskoti
PARTIV PRESENTANDFUTUREOFCOPYRIGHTINTHEEUROPEANUNION
26. TheEUstanceininternationalmatters 1051
GillianDaviesandBerndJustinJütte
27. TheroleoftheCourtofJusticeinthedevelopmentofEUcopyrightlaw:anempirical
experience 1073
MarcellaFavale
28. TowardsaEuropeancopyrightlaw:territorialityandlimitationsandexceptionsasmajor
outstandingissues 1087
PaulTorremansandKhamchanhKeosomphan
29. AdvocatinganEUcopyrighttitle 1104
AlainStrowel
30. Conclusion 1118
IriniStamatoudiandPaulTorremans
Index 1123
vi
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EXTENDED CONTENTS
Listofcontributors xxvii
Tableofcases xxix
Tableoflegalinstruments xliii
Introduction 0.01
PARTI:GENERALPRINCIPLESOFEUROPEANCOPYRIGHT
1. ISTHEREACONCEPTOFEUROPEANCOPYRIGHTLAW?HISTORY,EVOLUTION,POLICIESAND
POLITICSANDTHEACQUISCOMMUNAUTAIRE
I. TheevolutionofcopyrightlawwithintheEuropeanUnion 1.02
1. TherelationshipbetweenCopyrightandPrimaryECLaw(1957–1987) 1.03
2. TheharmonisationofcopyrightlawwithintheEuropeanCommunity(1987–2007) 1.07
3. TheincreasingroleoftheECJsince2007 1.11
II. TheachievementofaEuropeancopyrightlaw? 1.14
1. Theassessmentoftheacquiscommunautaire 1.14
2. FromEuropeancommoncopyrightprinciplestoagenuineEuropeancopyrightlaw 1.19
III. Conclusion 1.23
2. THEPRINCIPLEOFNON-DISCRIMINATION
I. Introduction 2.01
II. Non-discriminationviatheprincipleofNationalTreatmentintheinternationallegal
frameworkoncopyrightandrelatedrights 2.09
1. NotionandscopeofNationalTreatment 2.09
2. OriginanddevelopmentoftheNationalTreatmentobligation 2.12
3. ExceptionstoNationalTreatment:cantheybeoverruled? 2.17
4. NexttoNationalTreatment:theMFNclause 2.18
III. Non-discriminatorytreatmentviatheprincipleofNationalTreatmentintheEUlegal
framework 2.20
1. Generalremarks 2.20
2. CJEUcaselaw:somemilestones 2.24
3. ExceptionstotheNationalTreatmentprinciple 2.28
IV. Conclusion 2.30
3. THEPRINCIPLEOFFREEMOVEMENTOFGOODS:COMMUNITYEXHAUSTIONANDPARALLEL
IMPORTS
I. Introduction 3.01
II. ConsentoftheIPRownerandplacementonthemarket 3.06
III. Internationalexhaustion 3.15
4. THEESSENTIALFACILITIESPRINCIPLEANDOTHERISSUESOFCOMPETITION
I. Article102anditscontext 4.01
1. Introduction 4.01
2. DeconstructingArticle102 4.05
3. Competition 4.16
4. Abuseofdominance 4.22
5. A‘defence’ofobjectivejustification? 4.39
II. Magillandbeyond–essentialfacilitycasesrelatingtocopyright 4.43
1. Magill 4.44
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EXTENDEDCONTENTS
2. TiercéLadbroke 4.50
3. IMS 4.51
4. Microsoft 4.56
III. Somequeriesandobservations 4.64
1. Natureof‘essentialfacility’or‘indispensableinput’incopyrightcases 4.64
2. Natureoftheremedy? 4.68
3. Whataboutinterimmeasures? 4.69
4. EssentialfacilitiesandWTOTRIPS 4.70
5. Wherehastheessentialfacilitiesdoctrinegone? 4.76
6. Conclusion 4.80
PARTII:THEEUDIRECTIVESANDREGULATIONS
5. THESOFTWAREDIRECTIVE
I. Introductoryremarks 5.01
1. Preparatorydocuments 5.01
2. Generalcharacteristics 5.02
Article1:Objectofprotection
II. Commentary 5.06
1. Protectionasliteraryworks(art.1(1)) 5.06
2. Protectionforexpression;notideas(art.1(2)) 5.14
3. Conditionoforiginality(art.1(3)) 5.33
4. Transitionalprovision(art.1(4)) 5.40
Article2:Authorshipofcomputerprograms
II. Commentary 5.42
1. Generalrules 5.42
2. Computerprogramscreatedbyemployees(art.2(3)) 5.49
Article3:Beneficiariesofprotection
II. Commentary 5.57
Article4:Restrictedacts
II. Commentary 5.58
1. Scopeoftheexclusiverights 5.58
2. Rightofreproduction 5.60
3. Rightofcommunicationtothepublic 5.92
4. Moralrightsnotregulated 5.94
5. Enforcementofexclusiverights 5.96
Article5:Exceptionstotherestrictedacts
II. Commentary 5.98
1. Generalremarks 5.98
2. Actsnecessaryfornormaluseanderrorcorrection 5.103
3. Makingofback-upcopy 5.109
4. Observing,studyingortestingthefunctioningoftheprogram 5.112
Article6:Decompilation
II. Commentary 5.115
1. General 5.115
2. Conditionsoftheexception 5.117
Article7:Specialmeasuresofprotection
II. Commentary 5.134
1. Generalremarks 5.134
2. Particularremediesandsanctions 5.136
3. Seizure 5.143
Article8:Continuedapplicationofotherlegalprovisions
II. Commentary 5.145
1. Noprejudicetootherformsofprotection 5.145
2. Mandatorycharacteroftheexceptions 5.147
Article9:Communication
II. Commentary 5.148
Article10:Repeal
Article11:Entryintoforce
II. Commentary 5.150
Article12:Addressees
II. Commentary 5.152
viii
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EXTENDEDCONTENTS
6. THERENTALANDLENDINGRIGHTSDIRECTIVE
I. Generalremarks 6.01
ChapterI:Rentalandlendingright
Article1:Objectofharmonisation
II. Commentary 6.09
1. Theexclusiverights 6.10
2. Originalsandcopies 6.18
3. Therelationtotheexhaustionofthedistributionright 6.21
Article2:Definitions
II. Commentary 6.23
1. Definitions 6.24
2. Authorshipoftheprincipaldirector 6.41
Article3:Rightholdersandsubjectmatterofrentalandlendingright
II. Commentary 6.43
1. Beneficiariesandsubjectmatteroftherentalandlendingright 6.44
2. Thetransferabilityoftheexclusiveright 6.50
3. Presumptionsinfavourofthefilmproducer 6.51
Article4:Rentalofcomputerprograms
II. Commentary 6.55
Article5:Unwaivablerighttoequitableremuneration
II. Commentary 6.58
1. Theunwaivabilityoftherighttoremuneration 6.59
2. Theroletobeplayedbycollectingsocieties 6.64
Article6:Derogationfromtheexclusivepubliclendingright
II. Commentary 6.65
1. Derogationfromtheexclusiveright 6.67
2. Beneficiariesoftherighttoremuneration 6.68
3. Theconsiderationofculturalpromotionobjectives 6.70
4. Exemptionofcertaincategoriesofestablishments 6.73
ChapterII:Rightsrelatedtocopyright
II. Commentary 6.75
Article7:Fixationright
II. Commentary 6.77
1. Thefixationrightforperformers 6.78
2. Thefixationrightforbroadcastingorganisations 6.81
Article8:Broadcastingandcommunicationtothepublic
II. Commentary 6.83
1. Communicationtothepublic 6.86
2. Equitableremuneration 6.91
3. Beneficiaries 6.96
Article9:Distributionright
II. Commentary 6.99
Article10:Limitationstorights
II. Commentary 6.103
ChapterIII:Commonprovisions
Article11:Applicationintime
II. Commentary 6.105
Article12:Relationbetweencopyrightandrelatedrights
II. Commentary 6.106
Article13:Communication
Article14:Repeal
II. Commentary 6.107
Article15:Entryintoforce
Article16:Addressees
7. THESATELLITEANDCABLEDIRECTIVE
ChapterI:Definitions
Article1:Definitions
I. Commentary 7.01
1. Introduction 7.01
2. Definitionofa‘satellite’(art.1(1)) 7.07
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EXTENDEDCONTENTS
3. Communicationtothepublic(art.1(2)(a)) 7.12
4. TheactofcommunicationtothepublicoccurssolelyinoneMemberState(art.1(2)(b)) 7.17
5. Encryptionofsignals(art.1(2)(c)) 7.20
6. Extensionofthecommunicationtothepublicdefinition–satellitebroadcastsfrom
outsidetheEU(art.1(2)(d)) 7.25
7. Cableretransmission(art.1(3)) 7.27
8. Collectingsociety(art.1(4)) 7.32
ChapterII:Broadcastingofprogrammesbysatellite
Article2:Broadcastingright
I. Commentary 7.34
1. Anexclusivebroadcastingrightinthecountry-of-origin(art.2) 7.34
Article3:Acquisitionofbroadcastingrights
I. Commentary 7.37
1. Acquisitionbycontract(art.3(1)) 7.37
2. Collectivelicensing(art.3(2)) 7.40
3. Cinematographicworks(art.3(3)) 7.43
4. Dutytoinform(art.3(4)) 7.44
Article4:Rightsofperformers,phonogramproducersandbroadcastingorganisations
I. Commentary 7.45
1. Relatedrights(art.4(1)) 7.45
2. Wirelessbroadcasting(art.4(2)) 7.48
3. Presumptionoftransfer(art.4(3)) 7.49
Article5:Relationbetweencopyrightandrelatedrights
I. Commentary 7.51
Article6:Minimumprotection
I. Commentary 7.52
1. Minimumharmonisation(art.6(1)) 7.52
2. Focusonup-linkcountry(art.6(2)) 7.53
Article7:Transitionalprovisions
I. Commentary 7.55
1. Applicationintime(art.7(1)) 7.55
2. Transitionalprovisionsforoldcontracts(art.7(2)) 7.58
3. Transitionalprovisionsforco-productionagreements(art.7(3)) 7.60
ChapterIII:Cableretransmission
Article8:Cableretransmissionright
I. Commentary 7.63
1. Acquisitionofcableretransmissionrights(art.8(1)) 7.63
2. Transitionalprovisions(art.8(2)) 7.67
Article9:Exerciseofthecableretransmissionright
I. Commentary 7.68
1. Mandatorycollectiverightsmanagement(art.9(1)) 7.68
2. Treatmentofoutsiders(art.9(2)) 7.71
3. Statutorypresumptions(art.9(3)) 7.73
Article10:Exerciseofthecableretransmissionrightbybroadcastingorganisations
I. Commentary 7.74
1. Broadcasters’exception(art.10) 7.74
Article11:Mediators
I. Commentary 7.76
1. Setupofamediationsystem(art.11(1)) 7.76
2. Mediationprocedure(art.11(2)and(3)) 7.78
3. Independenceandimpartialityofmediators(art.11(4)) 7.79
Article12:Preventionoftheabuseofnegotiatingpositions
I. Commentary 7.80
1. Obligationtonegotiate–butnottograntalicence(art.12(1)) 7.80
2. Transitionalprovisions(art.12(2)and(3)) 7.83
ChapterIV:Generalprovisions
Article13:Collectiveadministrationofrights
I. Commentary 7.84
1. Nationalrulesunaffected(art.13) 7.84
Article14:Finalprovisions
I. Commentary 7.86
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