Etymological dictionary of Latin and the other Italic languages

839 Pages·2008·32.63 MB·english

by  Michiel de Vaan

Etymological Dictionary of Latin
and the other Italic Languages
By
Michiel de Vaan
B R I LL
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2008
uy LIIC unanciai support of the Netherlands
Organization for Scientific Research (NYVO).
iSN: 1574-3586
iBN: 978 90 04 16797 1
opyright 2008 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands,
oninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing,
)C Publishers, Martinus NijhofF Publishers and VSP.
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INTED IN THE NETHERLANDS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE vii
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS ix
A. Languages, texts and authors ix
B. Reconstruction, grammar and text xii
C. Symbols xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
1. Aim of this dictionary 1
2. Definition of Italic 1
3. Research method 2
4. From Proto-Indo-European to Latin 4
4.1 Reconstructable stages 4
4.2 The phonology of Proto-Indo-European, Proto-Italic and Latin 6
5. The entries 10
5.1 Selection of entries 10
5.2 The entries 10
5.3 Dating 10
5.4 Derivatives 11
5.5 Proto-Italic 12
5.6 Italic cognates 12
5.7 Proto-Indo-European 12
5.8 Indo-European cognates 12
5.9 Etymology 13
5.10 Bibliography 13
6. Periodization of Latin 14
DICTIONARY 17
BIBLIOGRAPHY 693
Abbreviations of literature 693
Authors 694
INDICES 723
I
t
PREFACE
This dictionary forms part of the project Indo-European Etymological Dictionary,
which was initiated by Robert Beekes and Alexander Lubotsky in 1991. The aim of
the project is to compile a new and comprehensive etymological dictionary of the
inherited vocabulary attested in the Indo-European languages, replacing the now
outdated dictionary of Pokorny (1959). The present work represents the Italic part of
the project. Like much of the project, it has had a chequered history. In 1998, my
colleague Michiel Driessen started his PhD-project on the etymology of Latin and the
other Italic languages. After a few years, he changed his mind about his professional
career and left the project, leaving behind a database which mainly contained the
entries beginning with a- and b~, and sporadic entries elsewhere. Other results of his
research were published in five articles (Driessen 2001, 2003ab, 2004, 2005). Since
the Italic evidence is indispensable to the Indo-European etymological dictionary as a
whole, it was decided that I would continue the database started by Driessen. The
main body of my text was written in the academic year 2006-2007 during a sabbatical
leave from teaching.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to the colleagues of the Department of
Comparative Indo-European Linguistics of Leiden University who took over my
courses and some related obligations during the year 2006-2007: Alwin Kloekhorst,
Guus Kroonen, Michael Peyrot, and Alexander Lubotsky. For logistic support, I am
indebted to the Leiden University Center for Linguistics (LUCL) that arranged the
assistance of Ms. Marieke Meelen to help me sift through parts of the bibliography. In
the Summer of 2007, I had the privilege to spend nearly three months as a visiting
researcher at Cornell University (Ithaca, NY) in the United States to further reflect on
some aspects of Latin etymology. 1 have greatly benefited from the assistance of and
the discussions with my colleagues Michael Weiss and Alan Nussbaum, specialists in
both Italic and Indo-European linguistics. Michael Weiss also read the proofs and his
many detailed comments have helped to improve the final result. For technical
support, I would like to thank Maarten Hijzelendoorn, who spent many days writing a
macro for generating the indices of this book.
Leiden, April 2008.
I
I
I
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS
A. LANGUAGES, TEXTS AND AUTHORS
Acc. Accius Cz. Czech
Aeol. Aeolic Dan. Danish
Afran. Afranius Dor. Doric
Alb. Albanian Elog.Scip. Elogia Scipionum
Andr. Livius Andronicus EM Etymologicum Magnum
Apul. Apuleius (after Greek words)
Ar. Aristophanes EMoBr. Early Modern Breton
Arc. Arcadian EMoIr. Early Modern Irish
Arm. Classical Armenian Enn. Ennius
Att. Attic ep. epic
Aug. Augustine Etr. Etruscan
Av. Avestan Fal. Faliscan
AV Atharvaveda / -ic Fest. Sextus Pompeius Festus
Bac. Bactrian Galat. Galatian
Bal. Balochi Gaul. Gaulish
Bel. Belorussian Gell. Cn. Gellius
Boeot. Boeotian gloss. in glosses
Br. Brahmana / -ic Gm. Germanic
BrCl. British Celtic Go. Gothic
Bret. Breton Gr. Greek
BS1. Balto-Slavic Gracch. C. Sempronius Gracchus
Bulg. Bulgarian H. Homer
Caecit. Caecilius Statius Hdt. Herodotus
Caes. Caesar Hem. Cassius Hemina
Cat. Catullus Hem. Hemican
Cels. A. Cornelius Celsus Hit. Hittite
Celtib. Celtiberian HLuw. Hieroglyphic Luwian
Cic. Cicero Hor. Horace
CLat. Classical Latin Hp. Hipponax
CLuw. Cuneiform Luwian Hsch. Hesychius
Co. Cornish IE Indo-European
Col. Columella Ilr. Indo-Iranian
Cret. Cretan Ion. Ionic
CS Church Slavic Ir. Irish
X ABBREVIATIONS
It. Italic NHG New High German
Juv. Juvenal Non. Nonius Marcellus
Khot. Khotanese Norw. Norwegian
Khwar. Khwarezmian Nov. Novius (comm.)
Lab. Laberius NPhiyg. New Phrygian
Lac. Laconian O. Oscan
Laev. Laevius OAlb. Old Albanian
Larg. Scribonius Largus OAv. Old Avestan
Lat. Latin OBret. Old Breton
Latv. Latvian OCo. Old Cornish
LCo. Late Comish OCS Old Church Slavonic
Lesb. Lesbian OCz. Old Czech
Lex Reg. Lex Regiae OE Old English
Lex XII Lex Duodecim Tabularum OFr. Old Frisian
Lith. Lithuanian OHG Old High German
LG Low German OIc. Old Icelandic
LLat. Late Latin Olr. Old Irish
LPBr. Late Proto-British OLat. Old Latin
Luc. Lucan OLFr. Old Low Franconian
Lucil. Lucilius OLG Old Low German
Lucr. Lucretius OLith. Old Lithuanian
Luw. Luwian ONorw. Old Norwegian
Lyc. Lycian OP Old Persian
Lyd. Lydian OPhryg. Old Phrygian
Marr. Marrucinian OPo. Old Polish
Mars. Marsian OPr. Old Prussian
Mart. Martial ORu. Old Russian
MBret. Middle Breton OS Old Saxon
MCo, Middle Cornish Oss. Ossetic
MDu. Middle Dutch OSwe. Old Swedish
ME Middle English Ov. Ovid
MHG Middle High German OW Old Welsh
MIr. Middle Irish Pac. Pacuvius
MLG Middle Low German Pael. Paelignian
MoDu. Modern Dutch Pal. Palaic
MoE Modern English PAlb. Proto-Albanian
Molr. Modern Irish PalU. Palaeo-Umbrian
MoP Modem Persian Pamph. Pamphylian
MP Middle Persian PAnat. Pro to-Anatolian
MW Middle Welsh Parth. Parthian
Myc. Mycenaean Paul, ex F. Paul us Diaconus ex Fes to
Naev. Gnaius Naevius PBr. Proto-British
Nem. Cyn. M. Aurelius Olympius PCI. Proto-Celtic
Nemesianus, Cymgetica Petr. Petronius
ABBREVIATIONS xi
PGm. Proto-Germanic Sis. Si senna
Phryg. Phrygian Skt. Sanskrit
Pi. Pindar Sin. Slovene
PIE Proto-Indo-European Sogd. Sogdian
PIT. Proto-Iranian SPic. South Picene
Pit. Proto-Italic Suet. Suetonius
Pkt. Prakrit Swe. Swedish
PI. Plautus SBr. Satapatha Brahmana
Plin. Pliny the Elder Naturalis SrSu. Srauta Sutra
Histories Ter. Terence
Plut. Plutarchus Thess. Thessalian
Po. Polish Titin. Titinius
Pompon. L. Pomponius ToA Tocharian A
Presam. Pre-Samnite ToAB Tocharian A and B
Prise. Priscian ToB Tocharian B
PRom. Proto-Romance Toch. Tocharian
Prop. Propertius Turp. Sextus Turpilius
PSab. Proto-Sabellic U. Umbrian
PS1. Proto-Slavic Ukr. Ukranian
PTo. Proto-Tocharian Ulp. Ulpian
Quad. Quadrigarius USorb. Upper Sorbian
Quint. Quintilianus Veil. C. Velleius Paterculus
Rhet.Her. Rhetorica ad Herennium Ven. Venetic
Ru. Russian Verg. Virgil
RuCS Russian Church Slavic Vest. Vestinian
RV Rigveda i Rigvedic Vitr. Vitruvius
Sab. Sabellic VLat. Vulgar Latin
Sail. Sallust VMax. Valerius Maximus
SCAsc. Senatus Consultum de VOLat. Very Old Latin
Asclepiade (CIL 1 588) Vol. Volscian
SCBac. Senatus Consultum de W. Welsh
Bacchanalibus WGm. West-Germanic
SCr. Serbo-Croatian X. Xenophon
SeCS Serbian Church Slavic YAv. Young Avestan
Sen. Seneca Zem. Zemaitian
Serv. Servius Maurus Honoratus
Xll ABBREVIATIONS
B. RECONSTRUCTION, GRAMMAR AND TEXT
abl. ablative <dd. idem
acc. accusative impers. impersonal
acc.to according to ind. indicative
act. active indecl. indeclinable
AD anno domini inj. injunctive
adj. adjective ins. instrumental
adv. adverb inscr. inscription(s)
aor. aorist int. intensive
ath. athematic interr. interrogative
BC before Christ intr. intransitive
c. century ipf. imperfect
cf. compare ipv. imperative
cj. conjunction ipv.II future imperative
cogn. cognomen irr. irregular
coll. collective lit. literally
colloq. colloquial loc. locative
comp. comparative m. masculine
conj. conjugation med. middle
cp. compound n. neuter
cp, first member of a neg. negative
compound nom. nominative
cp second member of a num. numeral
2
compound obi. oblique
dat. dative opt. optative
denom. denominative P- page
desid. desiderative p.c. personal communication
dial. (in) dialects pf. perfect
dim. diminutive pers. personal
du. dual pi. plural
dub. dubious PN personal name
e.g. for example postpos. postposition
encl. enclitic ppa. active perfect participle
f. feminine ppp. passive past particple
fthc. forthcoming pr. present
fut. future pref. prefix
fut.II future perfect prep. preposition
gen. genitive pret. preterite
gent. gentilicium prev. preverb
gdve. gerundive pron. pronoun
H any PIE laryngeal ps. passive
hi/2 h| or h ptc. participle
2
I, II, III, IV 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th conjugation ptcle. particle