ETHNOBOTANY OF ANALGESIC/STIMULANT PLANTS USED BY THE INHABITANTS OF AJLOUN, NORTHERN JORDAN

2015·8.1 MB·

by  S Al-Qura’N

irnaldoa 22 49 2015 ISSN: 1815-8
- 58,
(1):
Ethnobotany of
analgesic/ stimulant plañís
by
used of Ajloun, Northern
the inhabitants
Jordán
Etnobotánica de
plantas analgésicas/
las
estimulantes usadas por habitantes de
los
Ajloun, norte de Jordania
Al-Quran
Saleh
Dept.of Biology, Mutah University, Karak, Jordán
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Al-Quran: Ethnobotany of analgesic/ stimulant plants used by the inhabitants of Ajloun
Abstract
showed by
All medicinal plants that the therapeutic effects as analgesic/ stimulant the inhabitants
May
of Ajloun in the northern parts of Jordán during March 2011 to 2013 were recorded and listed
A
with full information. total of 35 plant species belonging to 21 families are identified which
are being used by the people of the study area. Data collected absolutely as the outcome of the
methodology relied predominantly on qualitative tools such as informal meetings with the local
open and which
people, discussions observation, enabled the presentation of accurate account of
knowledge routed via oral sources The medicinal plants investigated are divided into seven main
own
categories relative to their mechanism of effect. The present study provides baseline data on
analgesic/ stimulant properties of native medicinal wild plants that can be more protected from
over exploitation from one side, and further investigated by pharmaceutical industry for screening
new compounds from
another
active side.
Keywords: Ethnobotany, analgesic, stimulant plants, inhabitants of Ajloun, Northern Jordán.
Un
registradas listadas con información completa. total de 35 especies de plantas pertenecientes
y
a 21 familias han sido identificadas, las cuales son utilizadas por la población del área de
estudio. La información fue recogida en su totalidad como resultado de la metodología basada
como
predominantemente en herramientas reuniones informales con población
cualitativas, tales la
un
local, discusiones abiertas y observación, lo cual permitió la presentación de recuento preciso
de conocimientos provenientes de fuentes orales. Las plantas medicinales estudiadas se dividen
en siete categorías principales según sus mecanismos de efecto. El presente estudio proporciona
información que sirve de línea de base en lo referente a propiedades analgésicas/ estimulantes de
plantas medicinales nativas silvestres que deben recibir más protección de la explotación, por un
lado, mayores estudios por parte de la industria farmacéutica para determinar nuevos principios
y
Palabras clave: Etnobotánica, analgésicos, plantas estimulantes, habitantes de Ajloun, Norte de
Friedman
Al-Eisawi
Introduction 2012; et 1998; et
al., al.,
Al-Quran, Zohary, Zohary
1986; 2009; 1973;
Jordán are located in
territories
&
Feinbrun-Dothan,1962-1988).
Middle between
the center of the East
longitudes 35° 40' and 39° E and between This topographical diversity of Jordán,
N
which
latitudes 29° 30' and 34° with total area creates varied ecological conditions
estimated in approximately 90 000 square within a limited area contributes to this
kilometers, extending in the transition wealth of plant diversity especially at
and
Middle and the level of plant genera species, so
región the East countries, Syria
Lebanon from and Saudi Arabia Jordán of great interest because
north, Iraq is it is
from Egypt and Saudi Arabia from the meeting place of the Mediterranean,
the
east,
and from Irano-turanian, Saharo-arabian regions
south Palestine the west. Jordán
and Nubo-sudanian Because
the regions.
generally exhibited the climate of desert or
semi-desert with an arid climate, with few Jordán is situated at the junction of these
phyto-geographical
large natural wetlands, (Al-Eisawi,1982; different regions.
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Al-Quran: Ethnobotany of analgesic/ stimulant plants used by the inhabitants of Ajloun
the Irano-turanian, Afro-subtropical and informal meetings with the local people,
open and which
Mediterranean, acts as a floral bridge discussions observation,
it
between the continents of Asia, Africa and enabled the presentation of accurate
knowledge
Europe, so the flora ineludes a mixture of account of routed via oral
The
these elements together: Juniperus phoenicea, sources (Al-Quran, 2009). study area is
Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus halepensis, located within Ajloun mountains which
is
Quercus coccifera and Ziziphus spina-ehristi dominated by Mediterranean habitat, so the
(Friedman et al,1986; Heinrich, 2000; 2002; vegetation cover is mainly dominated by
&
Karim Al-Quran, 1988; Al-Eisawi,1982; Mediterranean phyto geographical element
Al-Quran, 2005; 2007; Zohary, 1973). dominated by Pinus, Arbutus, Quercus and
Pistachia.
now
Indigenous remedies days
occupying a good position since safe All collected specimens of wild medicinal
it is
and which and were
inexpensive, gives popularity plants that classified identified
it
among
both rural and urban areas. So constructed in form of table containing
the information about ethnic groups the relevant information. The survey was
or indigenous traditional medicine has unique and conducted during the period
May
played a vital role in the discovery of active from March 2011 to 2013 from four sites
constituents from medicinal plants. of the study area depending on collection
of voucher specimens, identifying and
The study area located within Ajloun
is
classifying of these edible plant specimens.
mountains an elevation between 1100
at
The work
m field including also in addition
is
to 1300 above the sea level. This area
is
photographing
to the field observation, the
dominated by Mediterranean
habitat since
it
specimens The
of the in the field directly.
by
influenced the westerly currents
fronts'
is
four study were conveniently selected
sites
associated with winter precipitation, so the
on and
based vegetation cover
altitudes,
snowy
coid winter the general climate.
is
mm transect walks were carried out with local
mean
The
annual 635
precipitation of
is
people with
for collection of correct species
months
in winter while the spring tend to
was
their original habitat. Collected data
be wetter with average precipitation about
checked from
also cross in different areas
mm. mean summer
The
200 temperature
by showing
local informants either the
24 °C while 2-6 °C the average winter
is is
ñames
specimen
plant or telling local to the
Lemon
temperature
(Al-Genidi, 1992;
et
al.,
Specimens were with
informants. identified
&
2003; Jones Clarke, 1990).
the help of available literature (Al-Quran,
The main aim was
of the present study to
2005; 2007; 2009).
document
the indigenous therapeutic uses
Results
of the investigated medicinal plants used
by
as analgesic/ stimulant the local people
All results concerning the wild
which no
living in this area for literature
is
medicinal plant species are listed with full
on
available concentrating this special
still
information mentioning ñames;
scientific
method
ñames;
family; local parts used; of
administration (Table
1).
and methods
Material
Discussion
The methodology
researcher relied
predominantly on such
qualitative tools as
and
Analgesic stimulant effeets of plants
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Al-Quran: Ethnobotany of analgesic/ stimulant plants used by the inhabitants of Ajloun
are two broad and contradictory concepts, compounds. Present investigation provides
many
beyond them
therapeutic effects baseline information to screen out biological
are categorized especially expectorant, activities of these valuable plants in order
new
and
antispasmodic, diaphoretic, antipyretic, to develop analgesic stimulant
CNS
from
aphrodisiac, stimulant, narcotic, medicines plant origin.
antidysenteric, neurotonic, relefing
The mechanism
of plant effect as
headache and
meningitis, storative,
among
and
analgesic stimulant varied the
is
sedative, anti tussive, cardio tonic,
depressing nerve ends, anti rheumatic,
some
hypnotic and muscular plants like Eupatorium
anti epileptic,
(1)
relaxant. In the present analysis, 35 plant cannabinum L, Lactuca virosa L., Arbutus
and Hyoscyamus have
andrachne aureus
species belonging to 21 families have been L. L.
form
documented higher level of analgesic effect in of
for their analgesic/ stimulant
hypnotic or even narcotic, so these plants
therapeutic uses. All of the investigated
were The most commonly must be taken carefully with very small
species wild.
dosages because absolutely the increasing
reported families were: Lamiaceae
more
of dosages will lead to deteriorated
(=Labiatae), Rosaceae, Asteraceae
among
(=Compositae), Fabaceae (=Leguminosae) situation the patients taking this
Some
and Apiaceae The type of plant cure. medicinal
(=Umbelliferae). plant
(2)
having
plants diaphoretic associated
parts used ranged from leaves bulbs effects
(16),
symptoms
with Anchusa
whole antipyretic like
roots plant flowers
(2), (3), (1), (2),
&
Banks and
and strigosa Sol. Cyperus longus L.
aerial parts fruits látex
(3), (7), (2).
Some
The method medicinal plants have high level of
of administration into
falls (3)
stimulation properties reaching the sexual
four categories; paste, cream, juice (syrup),
known
cooked as food, mixed with dairy producís, capabilities as aphrodisiac like
and Echium
pickled and decoction. The soaking in hot Smilax aspera L. italicum L.
(4)
some
warm medicinal plants investigated having
or water either for fresh or dried
antispasmodic properties as analgesic
specimens. effect,
W.
these are including Calotropis procera T.
Although this indigenous type of
Aitón, Potentilla reptans L., Silybum marianum
knowledge well-known, but some plant
is
Gaertn., Echinops Lablab purpureus
(L.) ritro L.,
known
species are not especially
still
Sweet, Hypericum Turra,
(L.) triquetrifolium
with regard to the analgesic/ stimulant
Origanum
Ballota nigra L., vulgare L., Salvia
properties.
&
(Banks
Prosopis farda
fruticosa Mili., Sol.)
The
therapeutic use of plant species Macbr., Asphodelus Papaver
F. fistulosus L.,
J.
reported with analgesic/ stimulant rhoeas L., Adonis aestivalis L., Ruta chalepensis
and Apium
properties rarely reported specifically as in Solanum americanum Mili,
is L.,
some
this report. So, screening for active Chemical graveolens L. medicinal plants have
(5)
constituents from these investigated wild expectorant associated with sedative
effect
medicinal plants considered the major and relaxant of headache, meningitis,
is
step towards establishing a good knowledge infants' teething and rheumatic pains like
Ammi
base. Further more; testing their biological visnaga Lam., Styrax
(L.) officinalis L.,
Anemone
Solanum americanum
Mili. coronaria
,
the ultímate need in order to establish Origanum vulgare petrana Dinsm.,
is L., L., Iris
new
ground
scientific for searching active Lolium temulentum L., Capparis spinosa L.
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Al-Quran: Ethnobotany of analgesic/ stimulant plants used by the inhabitants of Ajloun
and Adiantum some
Ramsar
capillus-veneris L. No. 16. Convention Bureau, Gland, Swit-
(6)
zerland.
medicinal plants have direct stimulation
effect on central nervous system (CNS), Karim, & S. Al-Qura’n. 1986. Medicinal plants of Jor-
F.
Yarmouk
anti epileptic and nerves as neuro tonic dán. University Press, Irbid, Jordán, pp.
11-30.
and
Anthemis Echinops
like cotula L., ritro L.
&
Ruta chalepensis L. some plants have Karim, F. S. Al-Quran. 1988. Wild Flowers of Jor-
(7)
Yarmouk
dán. University Publications, Jordán,
pp.
with
anti dysenteric properties associated
22-43.
Thymus
anti tussive effect like mongolicus
&
Lemons, R. Víctor D. Schaffer. 2003. Conserving
J.;
(Ronniger) Ronniger, Potentilla reptans L.,
biodiversity in arid regions, best practices in deve-
&
(Banks Macbr.
Prosopis farda
Sol.) F.
J.
Kluwer Academic Bos-
loping nations. Publishers.
and
Papaver
rhoeas L.
ton, Dordrecht, London, 493.
pp.
&
Zohary, M. N. Feinbrun-Dothan. 1962-1686. Flora
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AL-Eisawi, D. M. 1982. List of Jordán Vascular Plants. 77-90.
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Al-Eisawi, D. 2012. Conservation of Natural ecosys-
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&
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Convention. Monitoring Procedure Report
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