Ethnic Identity and National Conflict in China

259 Pages·2010·2.86 MB·English

by  Arabinda Acharya

ETHNIC IDENTITY AND NATIONAL
CONFLICT IN CHINA

Pengxin
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Pengxin
ETHNIC IDENTITY AND
NATIONAL CONFLICT
IN CHINA
Rohan Gunaratna, Arabinda Acharya,
and Wang Pengxin

Pengxin
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ETHNIC IDENTITY AND NATIONAL CONFLICT IN CHINA
Copyright © Rohan Gunaratna, Arabinda Acharya,
and Wang Pengxin, 2010.
All rights reserved.
First published in 2010 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN®
in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world,
this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN: 978–0–230–10305–4
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gunaratna, Rohan, 1961–
Ethnic identity and national conflict in China / Rohan Gunaratna,
Arabinda Acharya, and Wang Pengxin.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978–0–230–10305–4 (alk. paper)
1. Terrorism—China. 2. Domestic terrorism—China. I. Acharya,
Arabinda. II. Pengxin, Wang. III. Title.
HV6433.C55G86 2009
363.3250951—dc22 2009043571
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: June 2010
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.

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CONTENTS
Acknowledgments vii
Abbreviations ix
Introduction 1
1 Explaining Minority Conflict in China:
A Theoretical Perspective 9
2 Islam and Muslim Minorities in China 19
3 Uighur Separatism: East Turkistan Groups 47
4 Hui Muslims: The Milieu of Radicalization and
Extremism 89
5 Threats to China from Al Qaeda 109
6 China’s Perception of the Threat and Response 135
Conclusion: Need for Moderation and a Humane Approach 171
Notes 179
Bibliography 231
Index 241

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We are grateful to Ambassador Barry Desker, Dean, S. Rajaratnam
School of International Studies at the Nanyang Technological
University for his steadfast support. We thank Ayla Iqbal from Pakistan
and Senol Yilmaz from Switzerland for their valuable research assistance.
We are indebted to Syed Adnan Ali Shah Bukhari, a specialist on Pakistan’s
tribal areas, Ustaz Mohamed Redzuan Bin Salleh, an Arabist, Rebecca
Givner-Forbes, an Arabist, and Mahfuh Bin Haji Halimi, a specialist on
Islamic ideology, who reviewed the manuscript and provided important
feedback. We also thank specialists from government organizations and
research institutes in China for having supported us during our visits to
different parts of China, including Xinjiang.
We express our appreciation to Associate Professor Andrew Tan,
Convenor, International Studies, University of New South Wales, Robyn
Curtis, the Editorial Assistant, Palgrave Macmillan, and the anonymous
reviewer. Our colleagues Elizabeth Ong and Kelvinder Singh deserve
special mention for their administrative assistance. We also express our
appreciation to Mohammed Amir Rana, Director, Pakistan Institute for
Peace Studies, Islamabad, and several others who assisted us in our re-
search and wish to remain anonymous.

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ABBREVIATIONS
AML Anti-Money Laundering
AQIM Al Qaeda Organization in the Islamic Maghreb
ATB Anti-Terror Bureau
CCP Chinese Communist Party
ETIC East Turkistan Information Center
ETIM East Turkistan Islamic Movement
ETIP Eastern Turkistan Islamic Party
ETLO East Turkistan Liberation Organization
ETNC Eastern Turkistan National Congress
ETR East Turkistan Republic
EWPS Early Warning and Prevention System
FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas of Pakistan
IJU Islamic Jihad Union
IMU Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
ISI Islamic State of Iraq
MND Ministry of National Defense
MPS Ministry of Public Security
MSS Ministry of State Security
NATCG National Anti-Terrorism Coordination Group
NPC National People’s Congress
NWFP North Western Frontier Province
PAPF People’s Armed Police Force
PBC People’s Bank of China
PLA People’s Liberation Army
PRC People’s Republic of China
SCO Shanghai Cooperation Organization
SWCU Snow Wolf Commando Unit
TIP Turkistan Islamic Party
TJ Tablighi Jamaat
TTP Tareek-e-Taliban Pakistan

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