Ethics & International Affairs: A Reader

369 Pages·2009·1.75 MB·English

by  Edited by Joel H. Rosenthal and Christian Barry

Ethics & International Affairs
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JoelH. Rosenthal
ChristianBarry
Editors
Ethics & International Affairs
A Reader
Third Edition
Published in Cooperation with Carnegie Council
for Ethics in International Affairs
GeorgetownUniversityPress(cid:1)Washington,D.C.
GeorgetownUniversityPress,Washington,D.C.
www.press.georgetown.edu
(cid:1)2009byGeorgetownUniversityPress.Allrights
reserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedor
utilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicor
mechanical,includingphotocopyingandrecording,
orbyanyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,
withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Ethics&internationalaffairs:areader/JoelH.
RosenthalandChristianBarry,editors.—3rded.
p.cm.
‘‘CarnegieCouncilforEthicsinInternational
Affairs.’’
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-1-58901-272-1(paperback:alk.paper)
1.Internationalrelations—Moralandethical
aspects. I.Rosenthal,JoelH.,1960– II.Barry,
Christian. III.CarnegieCouncilforEthicsin
InternationalAffairs. IV.Title:Ethicsand
internationalaffairs.
JZ1306.E87 2009
172(cid:1).4—dc22
2008042359
(cid:2)(cid:2) Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepapermeetingthe
requirementsoftheAmericanNationalStandardfor
PermanenceinPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials.
15 14 13 12 11 10 09 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Firstprinting
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
Contents
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xv
PARTONE
CONFLICTANDRECONCILIATION 1
1
InDefenseofRealism
ACommentaryonJustandUnjustWars
DavidC.Hendrickson 3
2
TheSlipperySlopetoPreventiveWar
NetaC.Crawford 37
3
ReckoningwithPastWrongs
ANormativeFramework
DavidA.Crocker 45
PARTTWO
GROUNDSFORINTERVENTION 65
4
HumanitarianIntervention
AnOverviewoftheEthicalIssues
MichaelJ.Smith 67
5
TheMoralBasisofHumanitarianIntervention
TerryNardin 85
v
vi Contents
6
ResponsibilitytoProtectorTrojanHorse?
TheCrisisinDarfurand
HumanitarianInterventionafterIraq
AlexJ.Bellamy 103
7
EcologicalIntervention
ProspectsandLimits
RobynEckersley 131
PARTTHREE
GOVERNANCE,LAW,ANDMEMBERSHIP 153
8
TheLegitimacyofGlobalGovernanceInstitutions
AllenBuchananandRobertO.Keohane 155
9
OntheAllegedConflictbetween
DemocracyandInternationalLaw
SeylaBenhabib 185
10
‘‘SavingAmina’’:GlobalJusticeforWomen
andInterculturalDialogue
AlisonM.Jaggar 205
11
WhoShouldGetIn?
TheEthicsofImmigrationAdmissions
JosephH.Carens 231
PARTFOUR
GLOBALECONOMICJUSTICE 251
12
ModelsofInternationalEconomicJustice
EthanB.Kapstein 253
Contents vii
13
TheInvisibleHandoftheAmericanEmpire
RobertWade 269
14
AccountabilityinInternationalDevelopmentAid
LeifWenar 285
15
WorldPovertyandHumanRights
ThomasPogge 307
16
DoWeOwetheGlobalPoorAssistanceorRectification?
ResponsetoPogge
MathiasRisse 317
17
BaselinesforDeterminingHarm
ReplytoRisse
ThomasPogge 329
Contributors 335
Index 339
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Preface
Ethics & International Affairs—the quarterly journal of the Carnegie Coun-
cil—is now inits third decade. The inaugural issue appeared in1987, when the
ideaofaworldwithouttheSovietUnionwasnotyetseriouslyconsidered,and
ethics andpublic policyat theinternational levelwere debatedwithin thecon-
fines of controlling ideas, such as ‘‘containment’’ and ‘‘moral equivalence.’’
More than twenty years later we still find value in realist frameworks, yet we
alsowelcomethegrowthofa new,lessencumberedliteratureaddressingissues
ofglobalscopeandconcern.
Contributors to Ethics & International Affairs draw on applied ethics and
international normative theory to address moral problems in world politics.
Whether theproblem bewell known or overlooked, long-standingor immedi-
ate, local or truly international, our authors apply moral reasoning—informed
by facts and shaped by the structures of philosophical and social scientific
inquiry—to deepen understanding and push toward some resolution. In this
way,our approachisnormative;thatis,itprescribesandexplainsexpectedand
required behavior in accordance with ethical systems and intuitions. Yet it is
alsoempiricalinthatitplacespolicychoiceswithinhistoricalandpoliticalcon-
texts.Overtheyearswehavewitnessedanincreaseinthenumberandrangeof
authors writing about world politics who combine normative and empirical
work.1However,totheextentthatthisincreasehasbeenaconsequenceofnew
global dilemmas and worrisome trends, we may view it less as an occasion to
indulgeincelebration,andratherascauseforaredoublingofrigorandcreativ-
ityinthefieldofinternationalethics.
But what is this ‘‘field’’ of international ethics? Who, in particular, are we
referring to?With its methods and problemsintersecting witha rangeof other
fields and disciplines, as well as implicating several levels of analysis—from
individuals to global society—international ethics is not a field that can be
clearlydelimited,orevenidentifiedwithasingleuniversitydepartment(asifit
were confined to universities at all). At its theoretical core, international ethics
can be said to overlap with that aspect of the international relations field that
engages realism and its critics, as well as with discussions of cosmopolitanism
anditscriticsarisingamongmoralandpoliticalphilosophers.
Ofcourse,thisisamoldthatwillbequicklybroken,evenbythechaptersin
thisvolume,whichhavebeenpennedalsobyeconomistsandhistorians.2How-
ever,evenfocusingonlyontheinternationalethicaldebateswithinandbetween
ix