Ethics for the Public Service Professional

224 Pages·2011·15.16 MB·English

by  Dutelle

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FORENSICS & CRIMINAL JUSTICE D
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ETHICS L
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K11183
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ETHICS
FOR THE
PUBLIC SERVICE
PROFESSIONAL

ETHICS
FOR THE
PUBLIC SERVICE
PROFESSIONAL
ARIC W. DUTELLE, M.F.S.
Forensic Investigation Program Director
University of Wisconsin– Platteville
Department of Criminal Justice
Boca Raton London New York
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This book is dedicated to those who attempt
to do the right thing every day.
It is not the critic who counts, not the man who points out how the strong
man stumbled, or where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit
belongs to the man who is actually in the arena, whose face is marred by the
dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and comes short
again and again, who knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions and
spends himself in a worthy course, who at the best, knows in the end the tri-
umph of high achievement, and who, at worst, if he fails, at least fails while
daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls
who know neither victory [n]or defeat.
Theodore Roosevelt
Paris Sorbonne, 1910

Table of Contents
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
Introduction xix
About the Author xxiii
1 Ethics: A Look at the Basics 1
What Are “Ethics”? 1
Revisiting the Basics 2
Morals, Values, and Ethics 2
Ethical Subdivisions 4
Normative Ethics 4
Virtue Ethics 4
Deontology 4
Consequentialism 5
Descriptive Ethics 5
Meta-Ethics 5
Differentiating Ethics and Morals from Law 6
What Ethics Involves 7
Further Defining Ethical Makeup 8
Causal and Moral Responsibility 8
Conclusion 11
Review Questions 11
References 12
2 Ethical Perspectives 13
Introduction 13
Altruism 14
Utilitarianism 15
Categorical Imperative 17
Ethical Culture 19
Conclusion 20
Review Questions 21
References 21
Further Reading 22
vii
viii Table of Contents
3 Decision Making: The Logic of Ethics 23
Ethical Decision Making 23
Making a Decision 24
Guidelines for Ethical Decision Making 25
Existentialism 26
Determinism 26
Intentionalism 26
The Logic of Ethics 27
Good versus Bad Arguments 27
Deductive versus Inductive Arguments 28
Truth versus Validity 28
Sound versus Unsound Arguments 29
Evaluating the Result of Decisions 29
Conclusion 29
Review Questions 31
References 31
4 Leadership Ethics 33
Introduction 33
Deciding How to Lead 34
Establishing Trust through Leadership 34
Vision 35
Empathy 35
Consistency 35
Integrity 35
Ethical Behavior as an Organizational Theme 36
Why Morale Is Important in Organizational Ethics 36
Ethics in the Workplace Assessment 37
Conclusion 39
Review Questions 40
References 40
5 Ethical Codes and Standards 41
Introduction 41
Establishing Organizational Support 42
Developing Codes of Ethics 43
Code of Ethics Types 44
Purpose of Establishing a Code of Ethics 45
Arguments against Ethical Codes 45
Code of Ethics Examples 49
Conclusion 49
Table of Contents ix
Review Questions 49
References 50
6 Ethics in Law Enforcement 51
Introduction 51
RANDY TAYLOR
Ethical Frameworks Related to Ethical Training 53
Codes of Ethics in Law Enforcement 54
Police Culture 55
Career Stages and Ethics 56
Police Misbehavior 58
Current Practices for the Prevention of Unethical Behavior 60
Authority 60
Discretion 62
Corruption 63
What Are the Causes of Corruption? 64
How Is Corruption Overcome? 65
Conflicts of Interest 67
Recruitment 68
Conclusion 68
Ripped from the Headlines 69
Code of Silence 69
Ethical Decision Making 70
Abuse of Authority 70
Ethics and Race 70
Ethics in Policing 71
Corruption 71
Review Questions 72
References 73
7 Ethics in Forensic Science 75
Introduction 75
Ethics and Forensic Testimony 76
Forensic Science Gone Awry 77
Legal Rulings Regarding Forensic Testimony 78
Frye v. United States 54 App. D.C., at 47, 293 F., at 1014 78
Federal Rules of Evidence: Article VII. Rule 702 79
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals Inc. 509 U.S. 579 79
Kumho Tire v. Carmichael 119 S. Ct. 1167 80
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Report 80
Ethics at the Crime Scene 81