Ethics, Authority, and War: Non-State Actors and the Just War Tradition

299 Pages·2009·1.28 MB·English

by  Eric A. Heinze

Ethics, Authority, and War
AlsobyEricA.Heinze
WagingHumanitarianWar:TheEthics,Law,andPoliticsofHumanitarianIntervention
AlsobyBrentJ.Steele
OntologicalSecurityinInternationalRelations:Self-IdentityandtheIRState
DefacingPower:TheAestheticsofInsecurityinGlobalPolitics
Ethics, Authority, and War
Non-state Actors and the Just
War Tradition
Editedby
EricA.HeinzeandBrentJ.Steele
ethics,authority,andwar
Copyright©EricA.HeinzeandBrentJ.Steele,2009
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2009 978-0-230-61674-5
Allrightsreserved.
Firstpublishedin2009byPALGRAVEMACMILLAN®inthe
UnitedStates-adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC,175FifthAvenue,
NewYork,NY10010.
WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe
World,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillan
PublishersLimited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,
ofHoundmills,Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS.
PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove
companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughttheworld.
Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited
States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries.
ISBN 978-1-349-38014-5 ISBN 978-0-230-10179-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230101791
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Ethics,authority,andwar:non-stateactorsandthejustwartradition/
editedbyEricA.HeinzeandBrentJ.Steele.
p. cm.
1. Internationalrelations—Moralandethicalaspects.
2. Justwardoctrine. 3. Humanitarianintervention—Moral
andethicalaspects. I. Heinze,Eric. II. Steele,BrentJ.
JZ1306.E8782009
172(cid:2).42—dc22 2009012782
DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices
Firstedition:December2009
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
ListofTables vii
PrefaceandAcknowledgments ix
NotesonContributors xiii
1 Introduction:Non-stateActorsandtheJustWar
Tradition 1
EricA.HeinzeandBrentJ.Steele
2 FromVersaillesto9/11:Non-stateActorsandJustWarin
theTwentiethCentury 21
CianO’Driscoll
3 AuthorityandtheProblemofNon-stateActors 47
AnthonyF.Lang,Jr.
4 WhatHappenedtoPunishmentintheJustWar
Tradition? 73
HarryD.Gould
5 WarCrimesTrialsandtheJustWarTradition 101
MichaelJ.Struett
6 PrivateMilitaryCompanies,JustWar,andHumanitarian
Intervention 123
EricA.Heinze
7 Gender,JustWar,andNon-stateActors 151
LauraSjoberg
8 “JusticeisConscience”:Hizbollah,Israel,andthe
PerversityofJustWar 177
BrentJ.SteeleandJacqueL.Amoureux
9 JusPostBellum,Peacebuilding,andNon-stateActors:
LessonsfromAfghanistan 205
MelissaLabonte
vi CONTENTS
10 Conclusion:ElusiveDistinctions,EpochalChanges 239
NicholasOnuf
Bibliography 253
Index 277
List of Tables
9.1 ACompilationofEmergentPrinciplesofJusPostBellum 211
9.2 JusPostBellumGoalsandCorrespondingPeacebuilding
Modalities 216
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Preface and Acknowledgments
The idea for this book came about from a conference panel that the
presenteditorsorganizedon“JustWarandNon-stateActors”atthe2008
InternationalStudiesAssociation(ISA)conferenceinSanFrancisco,CA.
In addition to the original participants on this panel, we are extremely
lucky to have been able to locate such a fine group of scholars to con-
tribute to this volume. It should be mentioned at the outset that most
ofthecontributorstothisvolumetooktheirformalacademictrainingas
political scientists, or were otherwise trained in the fields of politics and
international relations. We therefore approach the just war tradition not
onlyasaphilosophicaldoctrineorethicaltraditionaboutarmedconflict,
but also as a political process, wherein certain acts and actors in inter-
nationalrelationsmayormaynotbegrantedsomedegreeoflegitimacy.
This volume thus construes “the just war tradition” in the broadest of
termstoincludenotonlytheecclesiasticalwritingsassociatedwithearly
Christianity,butalsoethicaltraditionsthatflowfromModernnaturallaw
theory,variousstrandsofpoliticalandinternationalrelationstheory,con-
temporarypositivistinternationallaw,andindeedthebroadernormative
conversationaboutthelegitimacyofwar,whichnowspansovertwomil-
lennia.Whileweinvokethejustwartraditioninthetitleofthisvolume,
and employ it because it provides a familiar moral vocabulary about the
legitimacy of war, few of the contributors to this volume actually con-
sider themselves “just war theorists.” Rather, we are mainly scholars of
international relations who are engaging in normative theorizing about
a particularly salient issue in contemporary international affairs. In this
sense, the volume before you is a synthesis of normative theory, interna-
tional relations, ethics, philosophy, and international law, but is perhaps
bestunderstoodasanexerciseininternationalpoliticaltheory.
The reader may also notice that many of the contributors to this
volume resemble what one reviewer referred to as “rising stars” in the
field,ratherthan“establishedauthorities.”Weembracethislabelwhole-
heartedly. It goes without saying that we are extremely grateful to have