Table Of ContentETHICS AND THE FUTURE OF SPYING
This volume examines the ethical issues generated by recent developments in
intelligence collection and offers a comprehensive analysis of the key legal, moral
and social questions raised.
Intelligence officers, whether gatherers, analysts or some combination thereof, are
operating in a sea of social, political, scientific and technological change. This book
examinesthe new challenges faced bythe intelligence community as a result of these
changes.Itlooksnotonlyathowgovernmentsemployspiesasatoolofstateandhow
theultimateoutcomesarejudgedbytheirsocieties,butalsoatthemind-setofthespy.
Insodoing,thisvolumecastsararelightonanoftenignoreddimensionofspying:the
essentialroleoftruthandhowitisdefinedinanintelligencecontext.Thisbookoffers
someinsightsintotheworkingsoftheintelligencecommunityandaimstoprovidethe
first comprehensive and unifying analysis of the relevant moral, legal and social ques-
tions, with a view toward developing policy that may influence real-world decision
making.Thecontributorsanalysetheethicsofspyingacrossabroadcanvas–historical,
philosophical, moral and cultural – with chapters covering interrogation and torture,
intelligence’s relation to war, remote killing, cyber surveillance, responsibility and
governance.In the wakeof the phenomena ofWikiLeaks and the Edward Snowden
revelations,theintelligencecommunityhasenteredanunprecedentedperiodofbroad
publicscrutinyandscepticism,makingthisvolumeatimelycontribution.
This book will be of much interest to students of ethics, intelligence studies,
security studies, foreign policy and international relations in general.
Jai Galliott is Research Fellow at the University of New South Wales, Sydney,
Australia. He holds a PhD in military ethics from Macquarie University, Australia,
and was formerly a Naval Officer in the Royal Australian Navy. He is the author
of Military Robots: Mapping the moral landscape (2015).
Warren Reed is a formerintelligence officer with the Australian Secret Intelligence
Service (ASIS). Trained by MI6 in London, he served for ten years in Asia and
the Middle East. He is a regular commentator on intelligence matters, industrial
espionage and terrorism.
STUDIES IN INTELLIGENCE
General Editors: Richard J. Aldrich and Christopher Andrew
British Military Intelligence in the Intelligence Analysis and
Palestine Campaign, 1914–1918 Assessment
Yigal Sheffy Edited by David A. Charters, Stuart
Farson and Glenn P. Hastedt
British Military Intelligence in the
Crimean War, 1854–1856 TET 1968
Stephen M. Harris Understanding the surprise
Ronnie E. Ford
Allied and Axis Signals
Intelligence in World War II Intelligence and Imperial Defence
Edited by David Alvarez British intelligence and the defence of
the Indian Empire 1904–1924
Knowing Your Friends Richard J. Popplewell
Intelligence inside alliances and
coalitions from 1914 to Espionage
the Cold War Past, present, future?
Edited by Martin S. Alexander Edited by Wesley K. Wark
Eternal Vigilance The Australian Security
50 years of the CIA Intelligence Organization
Edited by Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones and An unofficial history
Christopher Andrew Frank Cain
Nothing Sacred Policing Politics
Nazi espionage against the Vatican, Security intelligence and the liberal
1939–1945 democratic state
David Alvarez and Revd. Robert A. Peter Gill
Graham
From Information to Intrigue
Intelligence Investigations Studies in secret service based on the
How Ultra changed history Swedish experience, 1939–1945
Ralph Bennett C. G. McKay
Dieppe Revisited Intelligence Services in the
A documentary investigation Information Age
John P. Campbell Michael Herman
More Instructions from the Centre Espionage and the Roots of the
Christopher and Oleg Gordievsky Cold War
The conspiratorial heritage
Controlling Intelligence David McKnight
Edited by Glenn P. Hastedt
Swedish Signal Intelligence
Spy Fiction, Spy Films, and 1900–1945
Real Intelligence C.G. McKay and Bengt Beckman
Edited by Wesley K. Wark
The Norwegian Intelligence
Security and Intelligence in a Service 1945–1970
Changing World Olav Riste
New perspectives for the 1990s
Edited by A. Stuart Farson, Secret Intelligence in the
David Stafford and Wesley K. Wark Twentieth Century
Edited by Heike Bungert,
A Don at War Jan G. Heitmann and Michael Wala
Sir David Hunt K.C.M.G.,
O.B.E. (reprint) The CIA, the British Left and the
Cold War
Intelligence and Military Calling the tune?
Operations Hugh Wilford
Edited by Michael I. Handel
Our Man in Yugoslavia
Leaders and Intelligence The story of a Secret Service
Edited by Michael I. Handel operative
Sebastian Ritchie
War, Strategy and Intelligence
Michael I. Handel Understanding Intelligence in the
Twenty-First Century
StrategicandOperational Journeys in shadows
DeceptionintheSecondWorldWar Len Scott and Peter Jackson
Edited by Michael I. Handel
MI6 and the Machinery of Spying
Codebreaker in the Far East Philip H. J. Davies
Alan Stripp
Twenty-First Century
Intelligence for Peace Intelligence
Edited by Hesi Carmel Edited by Wesley K. Wark
Intelligence and Strategy Military Intelligence and the
Selected essays Arab Revolt
John Robert Ferris The first modern intelligence war
Polly A. Mohs
The US Government, Citizen
Groups and the Cold War Exploring Intelligence Archives
The state–private network Enquiries into the secret state
Edited by Helen Laville and Edited by R. Gerald Hughes,
Hugh Wilford Peter Jackson and Len Scott
Peacekeeping Intelligence US National Security, Intelligence
New players, extended boundaries and Democracy
Edited by David Carment and The Church Committee and
Martin Rudner the War on Terror
Edited by Russell A. Miller
Special Operations Executive
A new instrument of war Intelligence Theory
Edited by Mark Seaman Key questions and debates
Edited by Peter Gill, Stephen Marrin and
Mussolini’s Propaganda Abroad Mark Phythian
Subversion in the Mediterranean and
the Middle East, 1935–1940 East German Foreign Intelligence
Manuela A. Williams Myth, reality and controversy
Edited by Thomas Wegener Friis, Kristie
The Politics and Strategy of Macrakis and Helmut Müller-Enbergs
Clandestine War
Special Operations Executive, Intelligence Cooperation and the
1940–1946 War on Terror
Edited by Neville Wylie Anglo-American security relations
after 9/11
Britain’s Secret War against Japan, Adam D.M. Svendsen
1937–1945
Douglas Ford A History of the Egyptian
Intelligence Service
US Covert Operations and Cold A history of the mukhabarat,
War Strategy 1910–2009
Truman, secret warfare and the CIA, Owen L. Sirrs
1945–53
Sarah-Jane Corke The South African Intelligence
Services
Stasi From apartheid to democracy,
Shield and sword of the party 1948–2005
John C. Schmeidel Kevin A. O’Brien
International Intelligence The Ethics of Intelligence
Cooperation and Accountability A new framework
Edited by Hans Born, Ian Leigh and Ross W. Bellaby
Aidan Wills
An International History of the
Improving Intelligence Analysis Cuban Missile Crisis
Bridging the gap between scholarship A 50-year retrospective
and practice Edited by David Gioe, Len Scott and
Stephen Marrin Christopher Andrew
Russia and the Cult of Interrogation in War and Conflict
State Security A comparative and interdisciplinary
The Chekist tradition, from analysis
Lenin to Putin Edited by Christopher Andrew and
Julie Fedor Simona Tobia
Understanding the Ethics and the Future of Spying
Intelligence Cycle Technology, national security and
Edited by Mark Phythian intelligence collection
Edited by Jai Galliott and Warren Reed
Propaganda and Intelligence in the
Cold War Intelligence Governance and
The NATO information service Democratisation
Linda Risso A comparative analysis of the
limits of reform
The Future of Intelligence Peter Gill
Challenges in the 21st century
Isabelle Duyvesteyn, Ben de Jong and
Joop van Reijn
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ETHICS AND THE
FUTURE OF SPYING
Technology, national security and
intelligence collection
Edited by Jai Galliott and Warren Reed
Routledge RRoouuttleleddggee
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Firstpublished2016
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Ethicsandthefutureofspying:technology,nationalsecurityandintelligence
collection/editedbyJaiGalliottandWarrenReed.
pagescm--(Studiesinintelligence)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Intelligenceservice--Moralandethicalaspects.2.Espionage--Moraland
ethicalaspects.3.Electronicsurveillance--Moralandethicalaspects.4.Electronic
dataprocessing--Moralandethicalaspects.5.Spies--Professionalethics.
6.Politicalethics.7.Nationalsecurity.I.Galliott,Jai.II.Reed,Warren,1945-
JF1525.I6E892016
172’.4--dc23
2015019636
ISBN:978-1-138-82036-4(hbk)
ISBN:978-1-138-82039-5(pbk)
ISBN:978-1-315-74391-2(ebk)
TypesetinBembo
byTaylor&FrancisBooks
CONTENTS
List of contributors xii
Introduction 1
Jai Galliott and Warren Reed
PARTI
The moral case for spying 13
1 The virtues of Bond and vices of Bauer: an Aristotelian
defence of espionage 15
Mark Jensen
2 The limits of intelligence gathering: Gianni Vattimo and
the need to monitor ‘violent’ thinkers 27
Matthew Harris
3 The epistemology of intelligence ethics 39
Alexander Fati´c
PARTII
Interrogation, torture and terrorism 53
4 The human costs of torture 55
Matthew Beard
