Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium and the Early Medieval West (Past and Present Publications)

470 Pages·1987·50.06 MB·English

by  Michael McCormick

Eternal victory
Triumphal rulership in late antiquity ,
Byz antium, and the early medieval W est
MICHAEL McC O RMI C K
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CII M DR IDGE UNIV ERSIT Y PRESS
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N.", Y.,k Po" Ch,jI" Mrlb<>u,", Sydnry
EDITIO NS DE LA MAISON DES SCIENCES DE
L'H OMM E
1'1""
PuhUwd hy ,be Syndla.« of d", Univ<r~'y of C.mhridg"
Th Pi" Building, Trumping'''''' Sit..", C.mhridge el' ,"
.0 W"" >OIh S'r«", N"w York, NY ,'''',,, USA
10 St.lmford Rwd, O.1t.Icigh, Mdbourn< J 166, Au",oli •
• nd Edi';"'" de l.. M,oon de. Sci<n<co d.< I'Hornm"
J. Bottiov"d R"p.iI. J7'70 P.n. C«Ie, 0<1
1'1""
C M,i"", dco Scirnc<. de I'Homrn, ,nd C.mhtklgt Uni .... ,.,.;'y
19M
Fin, p"bli,h,J 1916
Rop,;n",d 19!7
Fi .., p'p<,b,ck «Ii,ion "'''''
0.,.
Britls/! Uo,"y e",.I",","t I. ""hl;"",'""
M<C<>rmkk, Mid",,1
E«",.I vic'ory' ttiumpholl'lll"r<hip in),«
W""
Ant'qu",y, By",ntium, .n<! ,10< "'Iy m«li"v.1
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(P .. pr ... public>ci"",)
" Triumph. (C ....m oni<>)--Europ<-Hilt""y
L Tid" II. 5<";'"
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"ON 1 7) S' 003.7 h.rdb,clt (Fn.« only)
""N' 7J j r O)H I P'p<,bacit (Fn.« only)
To
P~111l,
I" loving memory;
f'" "f
And 5te /la.barn and Ih~ Ac~ Acts
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Contents
Fortword Pagt xi
NOIr ro th. paperM,k ,ditioM xu,
Abbreviation< xvn
INTRODUCTION: IMPEUAL TRIUMPH AS A ,
HISTORICAL PR08LEM
J INVINCIBLE [ ""PIRE: Tr-H ,nF.OLOGY Of VICTORY
UNDER TilE PRINCIPATE "
2 OUT Of TilE STREETS AND INTO THE CIRCUS:
TilE DEVElOPMENT OF IMHRIAL VICTORY CELE_
!IllATIONS IN THE LATER ROMAN EMPIRE 3S
From I to Theodo,ius I 36
I. Con5t~ntine
2. From the Theodosian succe'lion [0 47
An~,(;IsiU5
J. From to iconocbsm 64
Justini~n
Conclusion 18
3 IMPERIAL VICTORY CELEBRATIONS AND TilE
PUBliC LIFE OF TilE LATER ROMAN STATE 80
I. Usurpers and
barb~ri~ns ~O
2. victory rituals; evidence from R.ome 84
Impcri~l
J. Imperial victory rituall: non-R.oman evidence 91
4. The of imperial victory celebrations 100
christi~niz~tion
S. The divilion of the "npire and the collegiality of
victory I I I
6. Victory ,debrat;"", the throne 20
~"d J
4 THE nEVHOPMFNT OF lM"EMI"L VICTORY
TN E" R1Y MEDI£Y"l BYZ"NTIUM IJI
CHII'R~TIONS
, . Triumphs of Con'tantine V 1 J4
2, An 315" of g~nnJk victory cckbutiOlu in the I,tc
tighth Cl'ntury 137
J. Amuti~n triumph, IH
4, Th~ kgitimation of lh,il I I S2
S, High tide of triumph, 95('- 72 159
6. The celebration of victory under the l"st
M,c~donj.n' 17~
Conc\mion ,84
5
K,(Z" NTINF TR I UMPH
O ~ GAN'71NG"
6 "nl~T"Nl >C HO: VICTORY CELEBRATIONS IN THE
PROV IN<.; •. S '"
I.'-1PE~I"l
,. Ti<:s that bind '"
God and col,mry '"
2,
J, Liule C.",a" 2S2
Condmion 's"
7 '.PH£M£R"" £MPIREI: TRltJMPIi Al RUlERSHIP IN
HA~HA~ I AN AHICA, ~ tJ RGU N [}Y AND ITALY 260
The king .. triumphal majt·,ty in V. ndal Africa
!. ~6r
Victory cmtom, in {he kingdom of the Burgundi,m z66
2 .
J. Triumph~l ideology in Ostrogothic 1t"ly Z67
4, Lomb"rd king'hip and vinory ~84
~ THF KING" VICTORY IN V!Srr;{)THIC n" rS 297
I, Roy.1 n 'n'mony . nd Visigothk kingship 29~
2 , Roy.l victory cdcbr.tiom 302
3, The social corHext ofVi,igothic victory cclcbr~tion\ J I S
4, The rhetoric of victory 32J
HOM l"TE AS'rIQUE 'r o fEUDAL SDClf.T Y;
~ EA~lY
f MANK1SII VICTORY C1LE6~AT!ONS }28
Mcrovingian vinory celebr.tiom 115
j,
2, The liturgy of v;elmy in Fr"nci~ J4J
C""hnl'!i;", ... JUn ,Hc-,w_",i,,1 ,,"d Ill<' king" vinury
j , J(>l
C""<"I""",, JH4
,-""()I."" jHM
,:f
/!,N" 'W"I'!')' !"i,,,,,,), _"""" " wed j'n
I'rr'i"fwl)' "'cd _,((""da'y "''''''"' ~ I ~
"'"'1'''
IJt", li.<1 '1Ji,~'''C5 ~ ,6
t!ld. . x ~ ''.i
l'il
Thi, ,u"ty lx'gan '" lkigilllll. II ,,,,. .. nch topic in the l.te Nicol.,
I-luygheh.nt'< Church Hi,to,y S"mi,,,, at the fr.ncophone
U" iV"«it), of LOllv ,in f!"'w into J doctor,,1 di,,"'t.tion. 'VklOty
"",I
01' ""kbrati"" in thr llyzantin ... empirc' ,nd the llnbHi."
w.,
K ;ngti"rn,. A .D . ~ 7(>-Il)(X) di,,·ctnl by my mentur, Leopold
Gen;e",. Jnd ,kfc',,,kd at the Un;vc,,;ty', In.<till" d'Ctudc'
m'·diev.k,. in r>.-hy 1')7'). It bo.·,,,,ti'cd f,olll th~ comment< .nd
,ugg"'lio", "I" tfa- '· ... n';n;n!'! «""",ille," Me"" Rober! Buicol.
j''''I''''' U(Jj>"ld G<'U;C(Jl, Nicol., Huygheb,,'n.ju'lin
h""ai,,~,
M"s;.y ."d Guy M"rJilk.
w.,
J" lhe U nitni Statc->. ;1 ,"h".n ti.lly ,"xp~nd"d ,!ld ,cv;sed.
Th,' (hronolo!,!;(.lli"';l' \lTre CXlcn,kd .• nd iu 'cope cvolved in
rt"<P()"'~ to ,he' "in"""> I'"",id<'d by till' (WO ,·)(t,aordinny
h.,,'"
i"";,,nio"~ I bo." '" pri"il"l,,,d (" ....· . .· c. At TI,.. Dl""barto"
Q,b emlcr ror ilyza"!i,,," Swdic, (W ..h ington. I).C _). whcr~:I
nlln,bo.'T of d>"p!n, """'n' lir" pn·_",,,ted a, 'In(orm.1 T.lks", my
,,,,1
fri"n,b colle.gl1e, p"",,,kd 111l1(h insight. ",pport, and wi",
m,nm·1. iu Ih,' rolleg;.1 and <'nloghtmed '!mmphnc fostered by
,he l)i,,·<"I"'. Gile, Con<ublc_ My colle.gues and Ic .. hing dutie'S
in ,I,,· I kp'" "'e'" of I Io''''t)· of The johns Hopkin' Uni",",,;ty.
""d
p'rl><"ubrly ,I,,' Eu",pe." Se''';''.t. ull"r<',\ a (ur<h<'t ol'por
to",;,y to pJn;,-ip."" i" ,plend;d oJi""";o,, "I" cun",,1 hi,tor;cal
em,ccn';"g , bro,d r. "ge u( "'pics ,nd problem"
rc'~>rd,
Any malI' of fhis kiml ""T' " dn'p debt libr. . ie, . nd
10
lib"r;.",. In Iklgi"",. rOlhn 1-1_ lh>(o." .nd ,he libr,ry
of lh~
AhbJ),," d" Mon,·e';,,,r. Ih,' S",-i'·I'· ,k, 1l"1I,,,d;,fes .nd Ihe
Bibliot!OC-<;k v, ,, ,k F. ruh,·;t ,In C;udgdcndhcid (K.U.
Lcuv~n)
,,,k.
plJynl <I"6,i "c In A Illerica. til<" innm,par.bk f.cilit;es ,,,,d
J
"
"alfo f I)urn h.""n 0 .1...1 kft their on ncorly evny p.ge. The
rn'r~
'Ill'"
""d", know. howe"",. ,h., though ,hi, study bern
h~,
co"dltc,cd ,,,,dt'r privilq;ed bibliographic~1 conditio",. I decided
'0 '0
limi, (i",;o", of ,.:condory Ii't'ra'ltn' thosc ,i,k, which
r
"-TlllCd, in j"dgc-tnm'. indi'pc",,,bk, I" my foo"'o'e •• ,h" i., I
111
havc' bem forccd to OI11i, many "ltdic" which I co",,,I"'d on
varlou, topte"
I" 0"" ''''Y
"r ,,,,o,hn, l11~ny fri""d, .nd colic.gm·, h.vl·
,It"
""''',ihul<'<1 '" Ih;, h""k over y,'~r<. C"tlvcn,iun u'ges nte to
"'0"
thatlk thoSt' intimat,",y associ3,ed wi,h it. Space (orces nit'
tu
'0
i'ti""ice. I am deeply gra,dul Genicn" for ,ht' role h"
L~()pold
",,1
h" played in my studie, for directing ,he di"",,,tion out of
which thi, book ha, grown. J" hn Baldwin. John C,Il,h,n, Gilt"
Co"'tJblt-, Nicobs l'luy!:heb~e", and H"be,rt Silvc"'c luvc
contributed mort' than they know through their conversation"
coltnsel, . nd frimdship. I "we a hst;ng debt to S,ephcn HJdrovic,
fur !:"iding li"t, haitin): " t'P' in hi,toric,1 ""die" Must "f
111)'
the,"" ch.ptn, r,,,vc ,'nj"y",r Ih,' d""iicd critici'm ."d imight "f
Alcxantkr K07.hdCln and Nicolas OixonOll1idl'S. Othe .. who hnT
rCJd ,,·ctiom and ",ode hl'ipf,,) ' ''ggl,sti,m, incl"de Robe'"
Benson, AVl'ril C.rrwcon, Ev,ngdo, Chrys.o, ."d M"" in Hcin_
,d"U"'L Fiually. l owe ;nc.rcul.ble ,It-h, ,he cttduring
,III to
erlco""gemcltt ."d "'pp"n of my r,,,,ily, hoth iIrln'cdi~'e ."d
cXle",kJ,
r ,
T,'"awa!l</a, N,
TI,allbxi,'i".~, 198}
X"
Note to the paperback edition
The following noles off~, .ddition.l pri"l> ry SO" rce I~Sfi mony th.1
[hH'c cnC<J"nter~d which n,.y be h.!pf,,1 10 "s~rs oflhi. book, A
few ",. . te,;. . 1 error~ - for know[~dg~ of which J . m indcbt~d to
reviewers' cue - h,ve bo:cn corrected silently in Ih~ book. I
:.: Ihe """ of Ibe bishops wh" wrote to were in the
M.u,ic~
Lorn b>rd tcrrilory of A'luiici., H. Berg, •B i"hofc u"d Bi.chof,
,il2c im 0'''[1'''0_ und Don.","um vun 4. bi, zUln 8. J.hr
hllndcrt', a.'Y"" u"d NMhb."" r, ed. H. Wolfrom .nd
Di~ il1T~
A, Schwarcz (Vicnn., 1985), PI'· lil-r08, here h - 4.
41, n. n: Evangdo. Chrysos has sugge<!cd ro me th. t Con't.ntiu,
[I', triumph.nt return to Mil." in ljj mighl he .ddcd to thi.li,t:
Am",i.nu. M>rcel1inu .• , RF' g.'SlM '5, 4. ' l. cd. W, S~yfuth
dd/,. I (Lcip"ig, ",>78), H·U- 3·
60: Th""dcric S" .h,,', .«ide"ul dellh in 48 1 ,ee"" to h.ve
rcsulted in 1 <I",e holid.y: Jord."~,, Ro,,", 436. Momm.en
H·2~---<),
10. with n. Il): p, Conte h .. pre,ented cOllvincing reUonS for
identifying Ihe ;,bnd ofK.[onymo, with Prot., in the h[.nd, of
,he ['rince, (Turkish Ken. li.d.): A'~lI,,", 52 (1988). J66,
74-8: for (he [iturgic,[ "'entiOIl of, victor), cd~br>lion ovcr the
,,,<",ion,
A, ,hi. ,h, followhlg ''''k''', hi'" (0"" my R. eollim.
"',,,i,,~, (D
f;"t';.~ H;"o<i,,1 N'"~, "'. (19~1, <In, p, Co"'" II,.,,", )' (,.""), )~>--9; A.
Cud«. C/,,,i,,1" W". ,".,I J1. '1h ""(1.,9,," », "J-~' M. H,,,\l<lm.on, F""",,, I! (,.37), I .06-
" P. Hoc«y, .«li,"''''1"'' I, (• • 01), ."_,, P. Lem." •. R,."
iI;"""f'''6' 9'7-9" ,(1 ?18), lil-<i; T. C l""ngh;" C,~~"., ,;v;/"";', ",WTiv,,."J.. , l'
(1<ilI.). • (j, T>b"w. ~o.Ji ""J;",.Ji, ... " J, '0 (19'1), . ' .-<i, U, Il.~.
)0 (.<ilIO), .,.,..S" R. V." ll.",. lI_i". Hi" ..... ) R,,~. OJ ('<ilII), 10'3-<,0;
H. Wnlf"",, ,\I/(X;, 11'1 " ."), '"J-<.
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