Table Of Contentةينآرقلا ةيبرعلا ةغللا لوصأ
ESSENTIALS OF QURANIC ARABIC
Volume 1
by Masood Aḥmed Ranginwala
edited by Abu Zayd
Obaidullah Choudry
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Copyright © Masood Aḥmed Ranginwala 2012
Second Edition June 2013
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, or otherwise, without written permission of the
publisher.
ISBN 978-1-300-07804-3
Published by:
ILF- Islamic Learning Foundation (NY)
ICNA (Islamic Circle of North America)
166-26 89th Ave
Jamaica, NY 04262
[email protected]
Additional copies of this ebook or softcover textbook can be purchased at <http://www.lulu.com>.
Volume Two of the “Essentials of Qur’ānic Arabic” was published as of June 2013.
Cover design by Adam Ranginwala and Omar Ranginwala.
Any mistakes or shortcomings in this book are due to errors of the author, and all that is correct and true
solely are due to Allah . Please feel free to contact the author at the email listed above to notify him of any
errors present.
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ميحرلا نمحرلا هللا مسب
دّمحم انيبن ىلع ملاّسلا و ةلاّصلا و نيملاعلا ّبر هلل دمحلا
نيدلا موي ىلإ هتّنسِب ّنتسا نم و نيعمجأ هبحص و هلآ ىلع و
همامأ هلعج نم قدصم لحام و عفشم عفاش نآرقلا
رانلا ىلإ هقاس هرهظ فلخ هلعج نم و ةنجلا ىلإ هداق
“The Qur’ān is an intercessor, something given permission to intercede, and it is rightfully
believed in. Whoever puts it in front of him, it will lead him to Paradise; whoever puts it
behind him, it will steer him to the Hellfire.”
(An authentic Ḥadīth found in [يربكلا مجعلما] by At-Ṭabarānī, on the authority of
‘Abdullāh ibn Mas’ūd verified as Ṣaḥīḥ in [ةحيحصلا ةلسلسلا] by Sheikh al-Albāni)
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Acknowledgments
All Praise is to Allah for this work could never have been accomplished without His Help and Guidance.
Furthermore, this book on Qur’ānic Arabic was made possible through my many teachers who have guided
me and imparted me knowledge in this sacred language. I am even more indebted to my parents who have
raised me on the Deen and its foundation, and who continue to advise and guide me. I am also grateful to
my wife and children who have been very patient with this effort, and whose precious time I have
sacrificed. I am very grateful to Dr. Abu Zayd, founder of the Qur’ān Literacy Institute who edited this
textbook and improved on its format and readability.
A special note of thanks also goes to one of my early teachers, Ustādh Nouman Alī Khān, founder of the
Bayyinah Arabic Institute. He was my initial inspiration to teach what I learned of Qur’ānic Arabic and
make it accessible to those who wish to learn from its treasures. I thank my teachers at the Qibla Institute
(formerly the Sunnipath Institute) namely Sheikh Hamza Karamali and Sheikh Farīd Dingle. I also thank
Sheikh Shakiel Humayun from the Foundation of Knowledge and Development. The individuals involved
with websites “The Qur’ānic Arabic Corpus”, “Zekr”, and “OpenBurhan” also deserve thanks as their
resources were used extensively for this work. May Allah reward all these special people, and others not
mentioned here who contributed to this book.
The journey of learning this sacred language has been an arduous for me and has come with its
challenges. It is my hope that this book series can facilitate this journey for other students, enabling them
to understand the lofty and majestic words of the Qur’ān.
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Transliteration Key
ء/أ/ؤ/ئ ’ ر r ف f
١ ā ز z ق q
ب b س s ﮎ/ك k
ت t ش sh ل l
ث th ص ṣ م m
ج j ض ḍ ن n
ح ḥ ط ṭ ﻫ/ه h
خ kh ظ ẓ و w, ū, u
د d ع ‛ ي y, i, ī
ذ dh غ gh
This transliteration key is being provided to help bridge the gap between Arabic and English letters. There
are several letters that are specific to the Arabic language, and do not have an English equivalent. Please
also note that we have chosen to capitalize many of the Arabic terms mentioned in this book, especially
those of a grammatical context. Furthermore, Arabic terms written in English have been pluralized in
English to facilitate the reader.
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Essentials of Qur’ânic Arabic
Table of Contents
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................................................4
TRANSLITERATION KEY .................................................................................................................................. 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................................... 6
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................................................................................................................. 10
FOREWORD............................................................................................................................................... 11
PREFACE.................................................................................................................................................... 12
I. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE ARABIC LANGUAGE .............................................................................................. 12
II. TEXT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................... 13
HISTORY OF ARABIC GRAMMAR ............................................................................................................ 16
I. ARABIC AT THE TIME OF THE PROPHET ....................................................................................................... 16
II. EVOLUTION OF ARABIC GRAMMAR............................................................................................................ 17
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ARABIC GRAMMAR: ............................................................................ 19
THE ARABIC WORD ]ةملكلا[ ........................................................................................................................ 19
I. PRE-GRAMMAR REVIEW OF ARABIC .......................................................................................................... 19
II. THE ARABIC WORD [ةَملَِكلا]................................................................................................................................................................ 22
III. THE FOUR CHARACTERISTICS OF ARABIC NOUNS [ءاْسمَلأَا]......................................................................................................... 24
IV. I'RĀB [بارْعإ] ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 24
LESSON 2: I‛RĀB AND FLEXIBILITY ........................................................................................................ 29
I. THE THREE CATEGORIES OF ARABIC WORDS [تاَملَِكْلَا] ................................................................................................................. 29
II. THE NOUN [مسْلاَا] AND ITS FOUR CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................................................................... 29
Table 1: Inflection of “Noun Endings” by I‛rāb..................................................................................................................................... 34
II. FLEXIBILITY AND I‛RĀB ............................................................................................................................. 35
III. THE THREE DEGREES OF FLEXIBILITY OF NOUNS........................................................................................ 36
LESSON 3: THE PRONOUNS [رِئامضَّ لا] AND THE POINTING NOUNS [ةَراشلإا ُءاسمَأ] ............................................. 39
I. PRONOUNS ]يرِمضَ /رِئامضَ [........................................................................................................................................................................ 39
Table 2: Detached Pronouns [لِصَفْنُم رِئامضَ ]............................................................................................................................................... 39
Table 3: Attached Pronouns ]ةَلِصَّتُم رِئامضَ [ ................................................................................................................................................ 41
Table 4: Conjugation of Attached Nouns in Three I‛rābs [باتِك] ............................................................................................................. 42
II. POINTING NOUNS [ةَراشِإْلا ُءامسَْأ] ............................................................................................................................................................ 43
Table 5: Pointing Nouns - Near [بيرَقْلا ِةَراشِإْلا ُءامسَْأ]................................................................................................................................. 43
Table 6: Pointing Nouns: Far [ديعَبْلا ِةَراشِإْلا ُءامسَْأ] ....................................................................................................................................... 43
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Table of Contents
LESSON 4: PARTICLES [فورُحْلَا] AND BROKEN PLURALS [يرسْكَّتلا ُعمجَ] ............................................................ 45
I. PARTICLES OF JARR [ّرَجْلا ُفوُرُح]............................................................................................................................................................ 45
Table 7: Ḥarf Jarr [ّرَجْلا ُفوُرُح]................................................................................................................................................................ 46
Table 8: Nouns of Place [ناكَلما ُفْرَظ] and Nouns of Time [نامَّزلا ُفْرَظ] ...................................................................................................... 48
II. PARTICLES OF NAṢB [بْصَّنلا فوُرُح] ....................................................................................................................................................... 49
Table 9: Inna and its Sisters [اهُتاوَخَأ َو َّنِإ] ................................................................................................................................................... 49
Table 10: Ḥarf Naṣb for Verbs ...................................................................................................................................................................... 50
III. PARTICLES OF JAZM [مْزَجلْا فوُرُح] ..................................................................................................................................................... 51
IV. BROKEN PLURAL PATTERNS [يرِسْكَّتلا ُعْمَج] ....................................................................................................................................... 52
Table 11: Broken Plural Patterns ................................................................................................................................................................... 52
LESSON 5: WORD CONSTRUCTIONS ]تابِّكَرُلما[............................................................................................ 54
I. INTRODUCTION TO WORD CONSTRUCTIONS.............................................................................................................................. 54
II. THE DESCRIBING CONSTRUCTION [ّيِفيِصْوَّتلا ُبَّكَرُلما]........................................................................................................................ 54
III. POINTING CONSTRUCTIONS........................................................................................................................................................... 56
IV. IḌĀFAH - THE POSSESSION CONSTRUCTION [ّيِفاضِلإا ُبَّكَرُلما]............................................................................................................ 57
V. RELATIVE PRONOUNS ]ةَلوُصْوَملْا ُءامسَْأ[ ............................................................................................................................................... 62
Table 12: Relative Pronouns: [يِذلََّا /َنيِذلََّا] ............................................................................................................................................... 62
VI. JARR CONSTRUCTIONS AND SENTENCES AS ADJECTIVES ......................................................................................................... 64
VII. THE FIVE SPECIAL NOUNS ]ةسْمخَ ْلا ُءامسَْلأا[ ........................................................................................................................................ 65
Table 13: The Five Special Nouns ]ةسْمخَ ْلا ُءامسَْلأا[ .................................................................................................................................... 66
Table 14: Conjugation of Five Special Nouns as Muḍāf ......................................................................................................................... 66
LESSON 6: THE NOMINAL SENTENCE [ُةَّيِمسِْاْلا ُةَلملجُ َا]...................................................................................... 69
I. THE BASIC NOMINAL SENTENCE [ُةَّيِمسِْاْلا ُةَلملجُ ا] ................................................................................................................................... 69
II. SUBJECT AND PREDICATE [أَدتَْبُملَْا] AND]رَبَخْلَا[ ...................................................................................................................................... 70
III. THE FOUR TYPES OF PREDICATES ]رابْخَأ[ ........................................................................................................................................ 72
IV. IMPORTANT MISCELLANEOUS PARTICLES IN SENTENCES ......................................................................................................... 75
V. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES [ماهْفِتْساِّلَا] ............................................................................................................................................. 78
Table 15: Interrogative Particles ]ماهْفِتْساِّلا ُفورُح[ .................................................................................................................................... 79
LESSON 7: TYPES OF NOMINAL SENTENCES ]لَمُلجا ُعاوْنأ[............................................................................ 81
I. NOMINAL SENTENCES AND ITS VARIANCES .................................................................................................. 81
II. CASES WHEN THE PREDICATE IS DEFINITE................................................................................................... 81
III. REVIEW OF NOMINAL SENTENCES WITH EMBEDDED CONSTRUCTIONS........................................................... 83
IV. METHODOLOGY FOR ANALYZING NOMINAL SENTENCES ............................................................................. 85
LESSON 8: INTRODUCTION TO VERBS [لاعْفَأ] ........................................................................................... 87
I. INTRODUCTION TO VERB CLASSIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................. 87
II. THE PAST TENSE VERB [يضاملْا ُلْعِفْلَا] ................................................................................................................................................... 88
Table 16: Verb Conjugation of Past Tense Family I Verbs ..................................................................................................................... 90
III. THE PRESENT TENSE VERB [عِراضمُْلما لُعِْفْلَا] ........................................................................................................................................ 92
Table 17: Verb Conjugation of [عراضلما لعفلا] ........................................................................................................................................... 93
TABLE 18 - CONJUGATION OF ALL FAMILY I FORMS ]دَّرَجُمْلا يثلاُّثلا ُلْعِفْلَا[........................................................................................................... 96
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Essentials of Qur’ânic Arabic
LESSON 9: THE VERBAL SENTENCE [ةَُّيِلْعِفْلا ُةَلْمجُ ْلَا] ......................................................................................... 97
I. INTRODUCTION TO VERBAL SENTENCES ..................................................................................................... 97
II. VERBAL SENTENCE WITH EXPLICIT SUBJECT (THIRD PERSON)........................................................................ 98
III. IDENTIFYING THE DOER AND DIRECT OBJECT IN VERBAL SENTENCES........................................................... 100
IV. TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS: ]مِزاَّلا ُلْعِفْلَا[ & ]يِّدعََتُلما ُلْعِفْلَا[ ............................................................................................... 100
Table 19: Examples of Verbs with an Associated Ḥarf Jarr ................................................................................................................... 101
V. INDIRECT OBJECT OF AN INTRANSITIVE VERB [ةَلْمجُ ُلا ُهْبِش] ........................................................................................................... 102
VI. EXCEPTIONS TO RULES OF VERB CONJUGATION: BROKEN PLURALS.................................................................................. 103
LESSON 10: THE VERB OF COMMAND ]رْمَأْلا ُلْعِفْلَا[, I‛RĀB OF VERBS, VERBAL PARTICLES, AND VERBS IN
THE FUTURE TENSE..............................................................................................................................................104
I. THE VERB OF COMMAND [رْمَلأا ُلْعِفْلَا].................................................................................................................................................. 104
Table 20: Converting Verbs to the Command Tense [رْمَأْلا ُلْعِفْلَا] ........................................................................................................... 105
Table 21: Conjugation of Command Verbs.......................................................................................................................................... 106
II. I‛RĀB OF VERBS: SOME IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES ........................................................................................................................ 106
Table 22 – Verb Conjugation in Naṣb and Jazm................................................................................................................................... 107
III. VERBAL PARTICLES – ḤARF NAṢB AND ḤARF JAZM ............................................................................................................................. 108
Table 23: Ḥarf Naṣb on Verbs ................................................................................................................................................................. 108
Table 24: Ḥarf Jazm on Verbs .................................................................................................................................................................. 109
IV. FUTURE TENSE ]لابْقِتْسِلاا[ ................................................................................................................................................................... 111
LESSON 11: THE PASSIVE VERB ]لوهْجَملْا ُلْعِفْلَا[, THE DOER NOUN [لِعافلا ُمسِا], THE PASSIVE NOUN [لوُعْفَلما ُمْسِا],
THE VERBAL NOUN [رَدْصَملَْا], AND USING AN ARABIC DICTIONARY....................................................................113
I. THE PASSIVE VERB TENSE ]لوهْجَملْا ُلْعِفْلَا[ ............................................................................................................................................ 113
II. THE VERBAL DOER PATTERN ]لِعافلا ُمسِا[ ........................................................................................................................................ 115
Table 25: The Verbal Doer Pattern ]لِعافلا ُمسِا[ ...................................................................................................................................... 115
III. THE PASSIVE NOUN PATTERN ]لوُعْفَلما ُمسِْا[...................................................................................................................................... 116
Table 26: Passive Noun Pattern ]لوُعْفَلما ُمسِْا[ .......................................................................................................................................... 117
IV. THE VERBAL NOUN ]رَدصْ َمْلَا[ ......................................................................................................................................................... 118
Table 27: Common Verbal Noun Pattern..................................................................................................................................................... 118
V. USING ARABIC DICTIONARIES ....................................................................................................................................................... 119
LESSON 12: VERB FAMILIES II, III, AND IV - ِهيف ُديزَملْا يثلاُّثلا ُلْعِفْلَا.................................................................... 126
I. REVIEW OF VERB FAMILY I CONJUGATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 126
Table 28: [ِدَّرَجُلما يثلاُثلا ُلْعِفلا] ..................................................................................................................................................................... 126
II. VERB FAMILY II [َلَّعَف/ُلِّعَفُي] ................................................................................................................................................................... 128
Table 29: Conjugation of Family II Verbs [َلَّعَف/ُلِّعَفُي] .............................................................................................................................. 129
Table 30 : Family II Conjugations for Advanced Forms [َلَّعَف]............................................................................................................... 129
III. VERB FAMILY III [َلَعاَف/ُلِعافُي] .............................................................................................................................................................. 131
Table 31 – Verb Family III Conjugations...................................................................................................................................................... 131
IV. VERB FAMILY IV ]َلَعْفَأ/ُلِعْفُي[ .............................................................................................................................................................. 132
Table 32 – Verb Family IV Conjugations ............................................................................................................................................. 132
V. METHOD FOR ANALYZING VERBAL SENTENCES ......................................................................................................................... 133
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