Essential Physics for Manual Medicine

271 Pages·2009·28.88 MB·English

Essential
Physics
for
A UAL
EDICI E
MARTIN YOUNG
CHURCHILL
LIVINGSTONE
ELSEVIER
Allo ft hep hysicyso un eed. .a.n dn oneo ft hep hysicyso ud on't
Essential
Physics
for
MANUAL
MEDICINE
EssentPihayls ifcosrM anuaMle dicienxep laitnhse u nderlyipnrgi nciples
ofp hysictsh ante edt ob e understoboydm anualp hysiciaTnhse.b ook
assumesn op reviokunso wledgoefp hysicasn,d c overtsh ek eyp rinciples
underpinnpihnygs ioloagnyd b iochemisdtirayg,n ostiimca gin,mg odalities
andb iomechaniicnas n e asilaycc essibwlaey .E lectromagnetqiusamn,t um
physicasn da tomiacn ds ub-atomniucc leaprh ysicasr ec overeadt a n
approprilaetvee flo rs tudenatnsd p ractitioonfem rasnu alm edicinaen d
related disciUpnliiqnueeslt.yo ,p icasr el inketdoc liniecxaalm pleasl lowing
easya pplicatoifot nh eortyo p ractice.
KEY FEATURES:
• Self-assessqmueenstt ioantst heb eginnionfge achc hapter
allorwe adertsoc heckt heierx istiknngo wledgper iotro
readintgh ec hapter
• Eachs ectiobnu ildfsr omb asipcr inciptloea sd vancelde vels
• Clinicfaolc us.
ISB9N7 8-0-443-10342-1
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EssentiaPlh ysicfso rM anualM edicine
Tom y formepru pilaps r,o mifsuel fi.l.l.e.d
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EssentiPahly sics
forM anual
Medicine
MartiYno ung
BSc(HonDsC) F CC
PrivaPtrea ctice,
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SimoVne nn
TechnicIalll ustrator
SimonV ennG raphic
ShaftesbDuorrys,e Ut,K
CHURCHILL
LIVINGSTONE
ELSEVIER
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CHURCHILL
LIVINGSTONE
ELSEVIER
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Nop arotft hpiusb licmaatybi ero enp rodourtc readn smiinat ntfyeo dro mrb ya nmye ans,
electorrmo encihca niinccallup,dh iontgo corpeycionrgod,rai nniygn ,f ormsattoiraoanngd e
retrievawli tshyposeutrtem mi,si snwi rointf irnotgmh peu bliPsehremri.s msaiybo en s
sougdhitr efcrtolEmyl sevRiiegrhD'tessp artpmheonnt(e:+ : 2 1125)3 93 80(4U So)r
([phone](3U0K f)a;x( :+ 441)8 685533e3-3m; ahiela:l thpermissions@elsevier.
comY.o um aya lcsoo mplyeoturere quoensltiv niteah Eel sewveibesrai tht tet p://www.
elsevier.com/permissions.
ISB9N7 8-0-443-10342-1
BritiLsihb raCrayt aloguiinnP gu blicaDtaitoan
A catalroegcuofero tdrh bioso iksa vailfarbotlmhe Be r itLiisbhr ary
LibraorfyC ongreCsast alogiinnP gu blicaDtaitoan
A catarleocgof rotdrh bios oiksa v ailfarbotlmhe Le i broafCr oyn gress
Notice
NeitthhePeru blinsohtreh Areu thaosrs uamnery e sponsfioabrni lylo iostrsiy n jaunrdy/ or
damatgope e rsoorpn rso pearrtiyso iuontfgo rr elattoae nduy s oeft hmea tecroinatla ined
int hbioso Ikti. st hree sponsoiftb hitelr ietapytr iancgt irteiloynoieninr ng,d ependent
experatnikdsn eo wleodftg hepe a titeodn ett,e rtmhibene est tr eatamnemdne tt hoofd
applicfaottrhi peoa nt ient.
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PrinitnCe hdi na
Contents
Prefac.e . . ... . ix
Howt ou set hibso ok. xi
Chapte1 r Thet oolosft het rad.e . 1
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 1
Weightasn dm easure.s 2
Vectorasn ds cala.r s 7
Algebr.a. ....... . 9
Trigonomet.r y.. . . . . 12
Vectorasn ds cala(rcso ntin.u ed) 15
Coordinaatnedsp lane.s . . . . 16
Learnionugt come.s . . . . . . . 24
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 24
Bibliogra.p .h y. ... . .... 25
.
Chapte2 r Naturpahli loso.p hy. 27
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e. 27
Introduct.i.o.n. ........ 28
.
Velociatnyg,u lavre lociatnyda cceleration 30
Massa ndm omentum.. . . . . . . . . . . 31
Forc.e. .................. . 32
Newton'lsa wsa nde quatioonfsm otio.n 33
Workshop. .. . 36
Gravit.y. .... . 36
Energayn dw ork. 37
Learnionugt comes 46
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 46
Workshopa:n swer.s 47
Bibliogra.p .h y. 47
Chapte3 r Applipehdy sics 49
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 49
Leverbse,a msa ndm oments. 50
Workshop. .......... . 57
Bendinmgo mentsa ndt orsion 58
Secondm omento fa rea. . . . 60
Contents
Polamro mento fi nert.i.a. . 62
Centroef g ravit.y .. . . . . . . 63
Instantaneaoxuisos f r otat.i on 64
Properotfym aterials 65
Stresasn ds trai.n 66
Moduloif e lastic.i ty 66
Learnionugt come.s 68
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 68
Workshopa:n swer.s 68
Bibliogra.p h.y . . . . . . . 69
.
Chapte4 r Thea natomoyfp hysi.c s . . . 71
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 71
Thec lassificoaftj iooinn ts 72
Fibrojuosi nt.s. . 74
Cartilagijnooiuns.t s. . 76
Synovijaoli n.t s. . . . . 77
Structucrlaals sification. 83
Ligament.s. ..... . 83
Thec lassificoaftm iuosnc le 84
Learnionugt come.s . . . . 97
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 97
Bibliogra.p .h y. . . . . . .. . . 98
. . . . .
Chapte5r Thep hysiocfsa natom.y . . . 99
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 99
Joinmto vemen.t 99
Arthrokinematics 102
Joinfte atures 105
Postur.e. ... . 116
Gai.t. ..... . 120
Learnionugt comes 121
Bibliogra.p .h y. . 122
Chapte6r Atomisct ruct.u re. . 125
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 125
Atomitch eor.y . . . .. .. . 126
Electroannsde lectrsohne lls 136
Intramolecbuolnadri n.g 143
Intermolecbuolnadri n.g 147
Learnionugt come.s. . 148
vi
Contents
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 148
Bibliogra.p .h y. . . . . . . . . . . 149
Chapte7 r Electraincdim tayg neti.s m . . 151
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 151
Introduct.i .o n. . 152
Electromagne.t ism 153
Electrosta.t.i.c s 154
Electproitce niatl.. 155
Conductoarnsd i nsulat.o rs 156
Electrodynamics. 158
Electron.i cs 161
Systems. ... . 165
Magnetis.m. . . 168
Electromagnientdiucc tion 168
Thet ransfor.m e.r . . . . 169
Electriicnti hteyh omea ndc linic 171
Learnionugt come.s . . . . . . . 175
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 175
Bibliogra.p .h y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Chapte8 r Electromagrnaedtiiact ainodnr adioact.i v.i ty. 179
.
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 179
Introduct.i .o n. . . . . . . . . 180
Thee lectromagnsepteicct rum 182
Radioacitti.yv 187
Visibllieg h.t .. . . 192
X-ray.s. ..... . 194
Learnionugt comes 199
Checky oure xistiknngo wledgaen:s wers 199
Bibliogra.p.h.y. ............ . 199
Chapte9 r Diagnositmiacg ing 203
Introduct.i.o.n. .. . 203
Thex -ramya chine. . . 204
Computetdo mograp.h y 218
Magnetirce sonanicmea ging 221
Positreomni ssitoonm ograph(yP ET) . 226
Diagnosutlitcr asonography 227
Learnionugt comes 231
Bibliogra.p .h y. . . . . . . 231
vii
Contents
Chapte1r0 Makinigtb etter 235
Checky oure xistiknngo wled.g e 235
Introduction 235
Ultrasou.n.d. ........ . 235
Cryotherapy . . . . . . . . . . . 238
Electromagnfeiteiltcdh erapies 238
Magnetifci eltdh erapy 239
TENS. ............ . 240
Interfere.n.t.i.a.l. ... . 240
Electrimcuaslc lset imulation 241
Learnionugt comes 241
Bibliogra.p hy 242
Inde.x . . . . . 245
. .
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