Essential Korean vocabulary: learn the key words and phrases needed to speak Korean fluently

386 Pages·2015·20.387 MB·English

by  Park, Kyubyong

厂
Romanizal
ᄂ
Consonants Examf
ᄆ m 마음 ma-eum
i_ n 나라 na.ra, 한국 h
〇 0 / ng 오징어 o-jing-eo
e r /1 노래 no.rae, 달 da
h b/p 비누 bi.nu, 집 jip
c d /1 대학 dae.hak, 숟 7
_i g/ k 가게 ga-ge, 식초 s
ᄌ i 사자 sa.ja
人 s 사진 sa*]in
m pp 빠르다 ppa.reu.dt
ir tt 딸 ttal
ti kk 꼬리 kko-ri
刀、ii 찌개 ii'-gae
ᆻ ss 쌀, sal
n p 포도 p(Hdo
H t 태도 tae.do
=1 k 코 ko
ᄎ ch 배추 bae*chu
ᄒ h 해 hae
Essential
Korean
Vocabulary
Learn the Keywords and Phrases
Needed to Speak Korean Fluently
KYUBYONG PARK
TUTTLE Publishing
Tokyo | Rutland, Vermont | Singapore
The Tuttle Story: “Books to Span the East and West”
Many people are surprised to learn that the world’s leading publisher of books on Asia had
humble beginnings in the tiny American state of Vermont. The company’s founder, Charles
E. Tuttle, belonged to a New England family steeped in publishing.
Immediately after WWII, Tuttle served in Tokyo under General Douglas MacArthur and
was tasked with reviving the Japanese publishing industry. He later founded the Charles E.
Tuttle Publishing Company, which thrives today as one of the world’s leading independent
publishers.
Though a westerner, Tuttle was hugely instrumental in bringing a knowledge of Japan and
Asia to a world hungry for information about the East. By the time of his death in 1993,
Tuttle had published over 6,000 books on Asian culture, history and art—a legacy honored
by the Japanese emperor with the “Order of the Sacred Treasure,” the highest tribute Japan
can bestow upon a non-Japanese.
With a backlist of 1,500 titles, Tuttle Publishing is more active today than at any time in its
past—inspired by Charles Tuttle’s core mission to publish fine books to span the East and
West and provide a greater understanding of each.
Published by Tuttle Publishing, an imprint of Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd.
www.tuttlepublishing.com
Copyright © 2015 Kyubyong Park
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage
and retrieval system, without prior written permission from the publisher.
ISBN 978-0-8048-4325-6
Distributed by
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First edition
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Printed in Singapore
TUTTLE PUBLISHING- is a registered trademark of Tuttle Publishing, a division of Periplus Editions
(HK) Ltd.
Contents
Romanization of Korean.. Inside front cover 6.4 Tension, Fear, Surprise,
Preface................................vi Embarrassment............... 60
At a Glance...........................viii
7 Thoughts..........................63
1 Human Life........................ 1 7.1 Thinking, Believing, Doubting,
1.1 Personal Information............2 Ideas.......................... 64
1.2 Life, Stages of Life, Death.......4 7.2 Remembering, Resolving,
Deciding, Being Careful........66
2 The Human Body.................. 8 7.3 Knowing, Understanding,
2.1 External Body Parts.............9 Reasoning......................67
2.2 Internal Organs, Bodily 7.4 Researching....................69
Functions...................... 12
2.3 The Senses..................... 14 8 Actions........................... 72
8.1 Endeavors, Outcomes..........73
3 Daily Activities...................19 8.2 Course of Practice.............77
3.1 Sleeping, Relaxing.............20
3.2 Personal Grooming............21 9 Describing People.............................80
3.3 Chores, Housework............23 9.1 Situations......................81
9.2 Appearances...................82
4 Movement........................27 9.3 Personality, Ability, Habits,
4.1 Hand Movement.............. 28 Manners............. 86
4.2 Body Movement...............33 9.4 Positive Qualities.............. 87
4.3 Horizontal Movement, Vertical 9.5 Negative Qualities.............92
Movement.....................36
10 Speaking..........................97
5 Health and Medicine.............41 10.1 Talking.......................98
5.1 General State of Health........42 10.2 Titles, Greetings, Showing
5.2 Medical Treatment............ 43 Gratitude, Apologizing.....101
5.3 Medicine...................... 46 10.3 Questioning, Answering....102
5.4 Departments of a Hospital....47 10.4 Requesting, Accepting,
Refusing, Ordering,
6 Feelings...........................50 Forbidding..................104
6.1 Pleasure, Affection, Wishes, 10.5 Scolding, Blaming, Abusing,
Awe, Sympathy.................51 Swearing, Complaining,
6.2 Anger, Hate, Displeasure, Sorrow, Protesting................... 106
Loneliness.....................54 10.6 Promising, Insisting,
6.3 Greed, Regret, Anxiety, Suggesting, Encouraging,
Boredom......... 57 Praising......................108
iv Contents
10.7 Discussing, Arguing, 17 Work and the Workplace........166
Explaining, Informing...... 110 17.1 Work, Employment,
10.8 Interjections.................112 Recruitment.................167
17.2 Working Life............. 168
11 Language..........................................113 17.3 Company Organization,
11.1 Languages...................114 Ranks........................171
11.2 Writing, Punctuation........114
11.3 Words, Text.................115 18 Leisure and Sports.............. 173
11.4 Linguistic Terms.............116 18.1 Leisure Time, Hobbies,
Games.......................174
12 Clothing and Shopping........118 18.2 Traveling.....................177
12.1 Clothing.....................119 18.3 Exercise, Sports..............179
12.2 Accessories..................120
12.3 Shopping....................122 19 Arts, Music, Literature..........184
19.1 Art, Visual Art...............185
13 Food and Eating.................125 19.2 Music, Dance................186
13.1 Food, Beverages.............126 19.3 Literature, Writing.......... 188
13.2 Eating, Drinking, Smoking.....130 19.3 Movies, Performances.......190
13.3 Places to Eat/Drink..........134
13.4 Cooking.....................135 20 Nations and Politics.............192
20.1 General Terms.............. 193
14 Living Arrangements.....................137 20.2 Continents, Countries,
14.1 Places....................... 138 Peoples......................194
14.2 Houses, Furnishings, 20.3 Politics, Political Systems ......195
Miscellaneous Items.........139 20.4 The Government, Executive
14.3 Fuel, Energy.................142 Branch of Korea.............198
20.5 Administrative Districts,
15 Family and Social Relations.....144 Government Offices.........200
15.1 Family........................145
15.2 Relationships, Making Friends, 21 Law and Order.................................201
Dating.......................148 21.1 Law, Crime..................202
15.3 Marriage, Childbirth, 21.2 Police, the Police Force......204
Divorce......................152 21.3 Trial, Punishment........... 206
16 Education, School, and Study.....154 22 National Defense.................................209
16.1 Students, Faculty.........................155 22.1 The Military...................................210
16.2 School Facilities, Stationery ...156 22.2 War....................................................211
16.3 School and School Life.............157
16.4 University and Campus Life...161 23 Society......................................................214
16.5 Studies, Scholars.........................163 23.1 Society.............................................215
16.6 Academic Activities...................163 23.2 Social Issues...................................218
23.3 Social Phenomena......................219
Contents v
24 Culture and Religion.............222 31.3 Year, Seasons, Periods.......279
24.1 Culture......................223 31.4 The Time, Time of Day......280
24.2 Religion......................224 31.5 The Present, Past, Future....282
31.6 Time Concepts..............284
25 Industries........................226 31.7 Calendar, Special Days......290
25.1 Farming.....................227
25.2 Livestock, Fishing, Mining.....228 32 Locations and Directions....... 292
25.3 Manufacturing, Construction, 32.1 Locations, Places............293
Commerce..................230 32.2 Directions...................294
26 The Economy....................234 33 Describing Objects..............296
26.1 The Economy, Trade.........235 33.1 Physical States, Properties...297
26.2 Money, Finance..............237 33.2 Shapes, Figures..............298
26.3 Business.....................240 33.3 Colors and Brightness.......299
33.4 Area, Dimensions........... 301
27 Communications.............................243 33.5 Measuring, Units of
27.1 Postal Service, Measurement............... 304
Telecommunications........244
27.2 The Press, Broadcasts.......246 34 Numbers and Quantities.......305
27.3 The Print Media.............248 34.1 Numbers and Counting
27.4 Computers, the Internet.....249 Words.......................306
34.2 Mathematics ...............307
28 Traffic, Modes of Transportation....253 34.3 Concepts of Quantity....... 308
28.1 Cars.........................254
28.2 Roads, Driving, Accidents......255 35 General Concepts............................312
28.3 Public Transportation.......258 35.1 Degree......................313
35.2 Certainty, Supposition......317
29 The Universe and Nature.......262 35.3 Relations.....................319
29.1 The Universe, Earth.........263 35.4 General States...............321
29.2 Natural Phenomena,
Environmental Issues........263 36 Structural Words.............................325
29.3 The Air, Mountains, Land, 36.1 Particles..................... 326
Bodies of Water.............266 36.2 Auxiliary Verbs/Adjectives,
29.4 The Climate, Weather....... 268 Negative Expressions........327
36.3 Personal Pronouns.......... 329
30 Plants and Animals..............270 36.4 Demonstratives..............330
30.1. Plants, Cultivation..........271 36.5 Conjunctive Adverbs........331
30.2. Animals, Keeping Animals....272 36.6 Endings......................332
36.7 Prefixes and Suffixes.........335
31 Time and Time Concepts....... 276
31.1 Days of the Week and Romanized Index................... 337
Dates........................277 English Index.........................361
31.2 Months........... 278 Hangul Index..................... Online
Preface
For most of us who are old enough to have lost our magical ability to ac­
quire language without conscious effort, learning a new language is not
easy. You need to memorize a lot of new words and expressions. Some
people prefer learning new vocabulary purely through their daily activities to
memorizing words in vocabulary books. However, if you can anticipate what
language elements you are likely to come across while talking to someone or
reading something, you can be better prepared. By studying the entries in this
book, you will get a feel for what words or expressions native speakers use in
certain situations.
This book holds more than 8,000 essential Korean words/expressions
marked by three different symbols 5 /: / • according to their weight. There are
two things I want you to keep in mind. First, use the weight symbols wisely. Do
not be overwhelmed by the amount of words in this book. It can be a strategy
to go for more important words first. Second, do not simply flip through the
meanings of the headwords. I strongly encourage you to pay attention to the
words in bold in each example phrase/sentence, which shows which word or
words the headword is frequently used with. This is called collocation, a con­
cept you will find very important as you progress in your studies.
This is not a grammar book. I expect you to know some basic Korean
grammar, and I assume that you also know how to read and write Hangul, the
Korean script. Some Korean books for foreigners use romanization to write
Korean words, rather than Hangul. I understand that Hangul may look strange
to English speakers’ eyes at first sight. This is to be expected when encoun­
tering a new and foreign writing system. The good news is that Hangul is very
easy to learn. And more importantly, all Koreans use it. In my opinion, these
are reasons enough to learn Hangul.
This book was originally published by Nexus under the title Swrv/v次/ Korean
Vocabulary in 2007. In repurposing it for Tuttle, I changed more than the title.
I’ve added more than two thousand words and rewritten almost all the exam­
ples, and I reorganized the themes and the word categorizations.
In writing this book, I owe the following sources a great debt.
The basic model on which this book is based is Barron’s Mastering Vbca公w-
lary Series.
Preface vii
I am thankful to all dictionary editors and developers. I know how agonizing
the job of compiling a dictionary is. I referred to the following dictionaries
throughout the time I worked on this book.
Doosan Dong-A editorial staff. Doosan Dong-A's Prime Korean-English Dic­
tionary. 3rd edition. Doosan Dong-A, 2010.
Neungyule editorial staff. Neungyule Korean-English Dictionary. Neungyule
Education Inc., 2006.
It was not easy to establish themes and categorize more than 8,000 words.
The following books were a big help to me in this task.
Darakwon Voca Club. Deongeori VOCA. Vols. 1-4. Darakwon, 2010-11.
Kim, Eung-mo. Hangugeo Sinchegwallyeon ladongsa Manmalbat. Pagijong,
1996.
Kim, Eung-mo. Eoneopyohyeon ladongsa Naeyongyeongu. Pagijong, 2000.
Kim, Eung-mo. Ilsangeoneo ladongsa Nanmalbat. Pagijong, 2000.
Sin, Hyeon-suk; Kim, Mi-hyeong; Im, So-young; Im Hye-won. Uimiro Bullyuhan
Hyeondae Hangugeo Hakseup Sajeon. Hangukmunhwasa, 2000.
Kyubyong Park
Glance
chapter i 도 Human Life
1.1 Personal Information
5 사람 n person, people, humn being 별명 byeol-myeong nickname
아직 만__남__ _사__람 이 한_ 명_ 더 있어. a«1|lk mannal 서匕 범명으로 불리는 게 십어요. leoneun
sarami han myeong deo isseo. I Ktill have one byeolmyeongeuro bullineun ge slreoyo. I hale
more person to meet. being called by nickname.
인간율 이졌어요. che- :성빵 5e， (\b，eol)， 巧"der
seueseo keompyuteoga inganeul Igyeosseoyo. 성법에 따론 임금 자이가 아직 있다. seong-
The computer dofeated the human player In byeore ttareun imgeum chaiga ajik ltda. There is
chess. still a gender pay gap.
： c명o다u n섯=ti n명사g/ 사p■e람람r s odmnaysseeooln mgy e=o nsga/-sararamm fivuen pite ofpoler ： nH그eeu는 nisn j ita지ghmue구s -maj상ano g에smets 서haeona ng가dafs장aonm g잘 eja 생mlsaa긴enn go남gni n자ea n야rathm. .jgaeyua-.
: 분서 b| u^n seh bounno trhifriece o pfe 명op lmeyeong : 남성 nam-seong man, male
; 여자 yeo.)a woman
: 성 seong family name, last name 내 평생 그런 여자는 다시 못 만남 거야. nae
•?】’은 한국에서 가장 흔한 성이다. glmeun pyeongsaeng geureon nyeojaneun dasi mon
hangugeseo gajang heunhan seongida. Kim is mannal geoya. I’ll never see a woman like
Ihe most common fomily name in Korea. that again in my entire life.
： 이름 i-reum first name, given name : 여 성 yeo-seong woman, female
|一 아기 이®온 수현이라고 지었어요. agi Ireu- 일반적으로 이성이 남심에 비해 오래 산다.
meun suhyeonirago jieosseoyo. We decided U> ilbanjcogeuro yeoseongi namseonge bihae
L_ call the baby Suhyeon. orae sanda. Generally speaking, women live
longer (han men.
gIniv Keno rneaamn,e t.h Ues fuaamlliyly, p neaomplee pdroe cneodte ps uiht ea ' 여인 yeo.in woman, lady
space between their family and given names. 마가벳 대처의 법명온 ‘접의 여인’이었다.
However, the first sylluble is usually the magaret daecheoui byeolmyeongeun cheorui
family name, and ihe next 1-3 syllable! are yeoinieotda. Margaret Thatcher's nickname
the given name. was the "Iron Lady."
: 성성함함 이se on어g떻-h세am 되 h세on요o?r ifsieco ongft 이iam름l eiroetutemok e • 남요남녀녀. n na모ammn두y-ne o이y em o로o da맨u m 릭I ra onm코 aa미nend디t iak暑 wk oo좋mml아dalrn할e u t기 |o예a-
doeseyo? What is your name? ha! geoyeyo. Both men and women will en­
본명 bon-myeong real name, given name joy this romantic comedy.
Chapter Title
예jeo지e명ufo는 lrn as esy yu프ee nur.e로 mmpaelny평 uinedr에oaoamnp. ig본Ire e ui 명sbnsto ea이mn gmm ye아 yy pne 닌rsoaotnmaf gi에gleiee a.명 nni옮anm y 公eem 니inyse다toen.a gd- ： 나yn실이oai례ug aan지 reae만o.?lt t. ea나ogke이e d가o e어se떻yo게? M되a세y 요I a?s ski llhyoewilm oalnd, Theme
실 명 sii-myeong real name ’ 연 령 yeoHyeong age Headword
l이일yo 부ng 온h밀a라l요 tt인a합e n니서eu다비n. 스silm公ilby ue이 on용oglU 합hrwi n때a g는isne! o 실pbiir명syeo uh확raem인u-l ys연ue 령oillls에yeeu om상nng관ied 없as.a 이nEgv g누ewry구aon나neeo pc지sai원n na향upg pu수lyn ,a 있 irjir습weso니pneh다ca­l. Example sentence
nida. Real-name authentication is required tive of age.
가fo영r s ogma-me oyneloinneg s earlviaicses. : 연어세머 니ye o연n.s새e 가h o어no떻ri게fic o닉f 십나니이까 n?a ieomeoni Note
Word Cluster
Symbols and Abbreviations
Importance of the headword
Idiom
A = B A and B are almost always interchangeable, e.g. a-jum-ma = 머 니 a-ju-meo-ni
A = B A and B are similar in meaning, but it is not always possible to substitute one for
another, e.g. 독신 dok.sin = 이혼 mi-hon
A|B B is derived from A, which is substituted by ~ in B, e.g. 경 험 | 〜하다 gyeong.heom
卜.ha.da (― 경험 | 경험하다 gyeong.heom I gyeong.heom.ha.da)
A, which is considered correct, is often misspelled as B, e.g. 쌍둥이 ssang.dung.i —
쌍동이 ssang.dofig.i (ᅳ 쌍둥이 O, 쌍동이 X)
something
L f L “ L ▲ ᅭ
somebody