Essential interviewing and counseling skills : an integrated approach to practice

439 Pages·2014·2.15 MB·English

by  Tracy Prout PhD

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EssEntial IntervIewIng a r tracy a. Prout
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CounselIng skIlls i t
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tracy a. Prout, Phd
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Melanie J. Wadkins, Phd t
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this is the only comprehensive text to focus on the development of
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practical interviewing and counseling skills for master’s-level mental
health counseling students. it is structured around the goals established by in IntervIewIng
the Council for accreditation of Counseling & related Educational Programs t and
(CaCrEP)’s 2009 document on standards for MHC programs, and uniquely E
encompasses both theory and practice from the perspectives of a diverse r
array of theoretical schools and practice strategies. the benefits of integrating v CounselIng skIlls
complementary therapy approaches according to the needs of the client and iE
the importance of multicultural considerations in interviewing and counseling w
are consistent themes throughout.
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the book’s hands-on guidance regarding interviewing and counseling skills, along with its embrace g
of different therapeutic modalities, will enable students to learn how to provide care to clients that an Integrated approaCh to praCtICe

is tailored to their specific needs. Each chapter includes a highlighted section that draws students’ a
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attention to topics related to diversity, and strategies for working with clients from a variety of d
populations. issues related to race, ethnicity, immigration, and country of origin are highlighted along C
with age, gender, sexual orientation, religion, language, and physical and cognitive abilities. the use
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of case examples from multiple theoretical orientations offers a realistic view of what actually occurs
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in a consulting room. the book also addresses working with clients who have serious emotional or
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psychological difficulties and covers evidence-based practice, assessment, and diagnosis, and when
and how to terminate treatment. an instructor’s guide and PowerPoint slides are also included. s
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kEy FEaturEs:
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• Provides a balanced, integrated theoretical and practical approach to interviewing and
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counseling with a focus on skills development

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• Teaches the fundamental skills of empathy, active listening, treatment planning, and developing a
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strong therapeutic alliance
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• Includes “Spotlight on Culture” sections with case studies to emphasize how diversity informs
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sensitive and effective psychotherapy s
• Provides exercises to help students discover their own blind spots in regard to diversity
• Offers a realistic window into the profession through numerous
case examples
ISBN 978-0-8261-9915-7
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New York, NY 10036-8002
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Essential Interviewing
and Counseling Skills
Tracy A. Prout, PhD, is assistant professor of psychology at the Ferkauf Graduate
School of Psychology. She is a licensed psychologist and has a clinical practice in
New York City, where she sees children, adolescents, and adults and provides
psychological testing. Dr. Prout also has a master’s degree in mental health coun-
seling. She has provided training on psychodynamic psychotherapy techniques
and integrating spirituality into clinical practice for clinical professionals from
many disciplines, including psychiatry residents, psychology interns, and prac-
ticing psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers. Her research focuses on
psychotherapy process within psychodynamic treatment models and the role of
religion and spirituality in mental health and recovery. Dr. Prout has published
peer-reviewed articles on the role of religion and spirituality in the lives of those
with mental illness and the role of spirituality in pedagogy. She is a former fel-
low of the American Psychoanalytic Association and has completed advanced
research training with the International Psychoanalytic Association at the Anna
Freud Centre in London, England and at the Yale University Child Study Center.
Dr. Prout is the recipient of the Dennis J. Enright Award for Excellence in Teaching
and grant funding from the Psychoanalysis and the Academy Committee of the
American Psychoanalytic Association.
Melanie J. Wadkins, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and assistant professor of
psychology at the Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology. She is on the faculty
of the combined School-Clinical Child Psychology program and provides train-
ing to doctoral students in evidence-based interventions for youth and cognitive
assessment. In addition, Dr. Wadkins is senior psychologist at the Institute for
Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Research in White Plains, New York. She has
expertise in psychoeducational assessment and consultation, as well as in treat-
ing individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Dr. Wadkins’s research focuses
primarily on anxiety and related disorders. Specifi cally, she is interested in the
basic emotion of disgust and its relationship to the maintenance and develop-
ment of anxiety disorders, as well as the treatment of anxiety. Dr. Wadkins has
presented her research at national and international conferences, and her work
has been published in a range of books and peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Wadkins
is a faculty delegate of the National Council of Schools of Professional Psychology
(NCSPP) on behalf of Ferkauf Graduate School. She is also an active member of
the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT) where she serves
on the Academic Training Committee.
Essential Interviewing
and Counseling Skills
An Integrated Approach
to Practice
Tracy A. Prout, PhD
Melanie J. Wadkins, PhD
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ISBN: 978-0-8261-9915-7
e-book ISBN: 978-0-8261-9916-4
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Prout, Tracy A.
Essential interviewing and counseling skills : an integrated approach to practice / Tracy A. Prout,
PhD, Melanie J. Wadkins, PhD, Springer Publishing Company, LLC.
p. ; cm.
ISBN 978-0-8261-9915-7
1. Interviewing. 2. Counseling. I. Title.
BF637.I5.P76 2014
158.3–dc23
2013047755
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Printed in the United States of America by Bradford & Bigelow.
To my husband, Bernard F. Bunye, for his unfl agging support and
encouragement and incredible ability to provide comic relief.
—T.A.P.
To my wife, Evelyn Farny Wadkins, without whom this book would have
been completed more quickly, but far less joyfully and with many more
typographical errors.
—M.J.W.

Contents
Foreword Dean McKay, PhD, ABPP xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
PART I: BUILDING THE FOUNDATION
1. Introduction to Counseling and Interviewing 1
What Is Counseling? 1
Evolution and Professionalization of Counseling 4
The Clinical Interview 8
Why Do We Interview? 9
How Do We Interview? 12
Becoming a Counseling Professional 15
Mistakes 15
Integrating Theory and Research Into Practice 18
Know Thyself 19
Chapter Review 20
Personal Refl ection Essay Questions 21
Keywords 21
Further Reading 22
2. Doing Our Best—Ethics and Professional Responsibility 23
Understanding Ethics 24
Guiding Principles 24
The Ethics Code and Professional Standards 26
The APA Ethics Code 27
The American Counseling Association (ACA) Ethics Code 27
Confi dentiality and Its Limits 28
Safety of Patient and Others 31
Court Requests 33
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996
(HIPAA) 33
Special Cases 35
vii
viii CONTENTS
Dual Relationships 36
Defi nition and Examples 36
Avoiding Exploitative Multiple Relationships 37
Making Ethical Decisions 39
The Philosophical Approach to Decision Making 40
Practice-Based Decision Making 40
Virtue Ethics 40
Considering Specifi c Ethical Dilemmas 41
Chapter Review 42
Personal Refl ection Essay Questions 43
Keywords 44
Further Reading 44
3. Understanding Your Clients: Case Conceptualization and Selection of
Counseling Interventions 47
Psychodynamic Theory 49
A Brief Overview of Historical Infl uences 49
Basic Tenets of Psychodynamic Psychotherapy 53
Case Formulation From a Psychodynamic Perspective 55
Selection of Counseling Interventions 57
Summary 58
Cognitive Behavioral Theory 59
Overview of CBT 59
Historical Infl uences 60
Cognitive Behavioral Case Formulation 64
Selection of Counseling Interventions 65
Integrating Other Perspectives 67
Humanistic and Existential Psychology 67
Family Systems 68
Biological Approaches 68
Integration of Perspectives 69
An Integrated Case Formulation Example 70
Alyssa 70
Psychodynamic Case Formulation 71
Cognitive Behavioral Formulation 71
Other Components 71
An Integrated Treatment Approach 72
Conclusion 72
Chapter Review 72
Personal Refl ection Essay Questions 73
Keywords 74
Further Reading 74
4. Introduction to Issues of Diversity 77
Interviewing and Counseling From a Multicultural Perspective 78
Types of Diversity 80
Race, Ethnicity, Country of Origin, and Language 81
Acculturation 84
Immigration 87
Sexual Orientation 87
CONTENTS ix
Issues of Gender and Gender Identity 88
Religion and Spirituality in Context 90
Physical and Cognitive Abilities 91
Social Class and Socioeconomic Status—Crossing the Divide 93
Knowing Yourself 94
Working With Clients Who Share Your Cultural Background 95
Potential Challenges to Helping 95
The Client as Expert 96
Developing Cross-Cultural Competence 96
Experiences in Community 96
Continuing Education 97
Chapter Review 98
Personal Refl ection Essay Questions 99
Keywords 99
Further Reading 100
Appendix: Miville-Guzman Universality-Diversity Scale—Short
Form (MGUDS-S) 101
PART II: GETTING STARTED—INTERVIEWING AND DEVELOPING
A RELATIONSHIP
5. Beginnings: The Initial Interview 105
The Offi ce 106
Safety 109
Personal Appearance and Presentation 111
How to Prepare Mentally 112
Opening Communication 113
How to Begin 114
Greetings and Initial Contact 115
Confi dentiality 119
Warmth 120
Genuineness 120
Empathy 121
Types of Interviews 122
Documentation 124
Chapter Review 126
Personal Refl ection Essay Questions 127
Keywords 128
Further Reading 128
Appendix 129
6. Interviewing and Counseling Skills: Modes of Listening 131
A Different Type of Listening 132
A Different Type of Relationship 133
Active Listening 133
Paying Attention 136
Refl ective Listening 139
Mirroring Affect 140
Following the Client’s Words 141