Essential Haematology

468 Pages·2011·30.21 MB·English

Essential
Haematology
Companion website
This book has a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/essentialhaematology
with:
(cid:129) Figures and tables from the book for downloading
(cid:129) Interactive multiple choice questions prepared by the authors
Essential
Haematology
A. V. Hoffbrand
MA DM FRCP FRCPath FRCP(Edin) DSc FMedSci
Emeritus Professor of Haematology
University College London
Honorary Consultant Haematologist
Royal Free Hospital
London, UK
P. A. H. Moss
PhD MRCP FRCPath
Professor of Haematology
University of Birmingham
Birmingham, UK
Sixth Edition
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Th is edition fi rst published 2011, © 1980, 1984, 1993, 2001, 2006, 2011 by AV Hoff brand and PAH Moss
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First published 1980
Reprinted 1981, 1982, 1983 (twice)
Second edition 1984
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German edition 1986 (reprinted 1996)
Japanese edition 1986
Spanish edition 1987 (reprinted twice)
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hoff brand, A. V.
Essential haematology / A.V. Hoff brand, P.A.H. Moss, – 6th ed.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-9890-5
1. Blood–Diseases. 2. Hematology. I. Moss, P. A. H. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Hematologic Diseases. WH 120 H698e 2011]
RC633.H627 2011
616.1′5–dc22
2010024521
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 10/12pt Adobe Garamond Pro by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2011
Contents
Preface to the Sixth Edition vii
Preface to the First Edition ix
How to get the best out of your textbook x
1 Haemopoiesis 1
2 Erythropoiesis and general aspects of anaemia 15
3 Hypochromic anaemias 33
4 Iron overload 50
5 Megaloblastic anaemias and other macrocytic anaemias 58
6 Haemolytic anaemias 73
7 Genetic disorders of haemoglobin 88
8 The white cells 1: granulocytes, monocytes and their
benign disorders 108
9 The white cells 2: lymphocytes and their benign disorders 126
10 The spleen 142
11 The aetiology and genetics of haematological
malignancies 150
12 Management of haematological malignancy 166
13 Acute myeloid leukaemia 178
14 Chronic myeloid leukaemia 191
15 The non-leukaemic myeloproliferative neoplasms 200
16 Myelodysplasia 214
17 Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 223
vi / Contents
18 The chronic lymphoid leukaemias 234
19 Hodgkin lymphoma 245
20 Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 253
21 Multiple myeloma and related disorders 272
22 Aplastic anaemia and bone marrow failure 288
23 Stem cell transplantation 297
24 Platelets, blood coagulation and haemostasis 314
25 Bleeding disorders caused by vascular and platelet abnormalities 330
26 Coagulation disorders 345
27 Thrombosis and antithrombotic therapy 362
28 Haematological changes in systemic disease 381
29 Blood transfusion 397
30 Pregnancy and neonatal haematology 413
Appendices
1 Normal values 424
2 World Health Organization classifi cation of tumours of the
haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues 426
Index 431
Companion website
This book has a companion website:
www.wiley.com/go/essentialhaematology
with:
(cid:129) Figures and tables from the book for downloading
(cid:129) Interactive multiple choice questions prepared by the authors
Preface to the Sixth Edition
Haematology has advanced more rapidly in the last ten years more than any branch of medicine.
Current haematological literature is so prolifi c that it is increasing diffi cult for any one but a specialist
to keep up to date.
Th e Anaemias by Janet Vaughan, 1st edition, Oxford Medical Publications, 1933
A lmost 70 years later, haematology still continues to be at the forefront of medical advances. Th e increased
understanding of blood diseases particularly their genetic basis and changes in their treatment is such that
in writing this new edition, substantial changes have been necessary throughout. Th e classifi cation of the
neoplasms of the haemopoietic and lymphoid diseases has been revised by WHO (2008) and the names
and defi nitions of many of these diseases have changed. Clinical features, genetics and immunophenotype
are increasingly used to defi ne biological entities. We have made changes in all the relevant chapters but,
in a book intended primarily for undergraduates, we have simplifi ed some of the classifi cation tables and
omitted detailed descriptions of rare diseases. On the other hand, some tests e.g. red cell survival and
vitamin B absorption studies have become obsolete and are now omitted. As previously, we have used a
12
colour line in the margin to indicate text that we consider more advanced than is needed for under graduate
medical students and more appropriate for postgraduates.
John Pettit, co - author on all fi ve previous editions, has retired from authorship for this edition. Much
of the success of the book when it fi rst appeared 30 years ago and in all fi ve previous editions has been
due to John ’ s ability to write clear, concise descriptions of the various diseases, and to produce fi rst - class
photomicrographs and line diagrams to illustrate the text. Many of these images appear in this latest
edition.
Th e diff erent aspects of iron overload are now merged into a new chapter and we have separated
chapters on acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. We have also introduced summary boxes
at the end of each chapter to summarise the contents and added multiple choice questions to the website
both at undergraduate and at a more advanced level to help in self - learning. Th e book ’ s website will be
updated annually.
W e would like to thank Elsevier for the use of the following fi gures: 4.2 , 11.14 , 13.5 b, 18.5 , 18.6 ,
18.7 , 20.13 – 16 , 20.18 , 21.2 b, 22.3 , 23.13 , 26.7 , 30.5 from Hoff brand A.V., Pettit J.E. and Vyas P. (2010)
Color Atlas of Clinical Hematology , 4th edition. Mosby Elsevier, Philadelphia. We would also like to thank
Professor John W. Weisel for the use of the chapter title fi gure from Brown A.E.X., Nagaswami C.,
Litvionov R.I. and Weisel J.W. (2009) Focusing on fi brin. S cience 327: 741. Th e image shows colourised
scanning electron micrograph of a thrombus taken from a patient with acute myocardial infarction. Th e
thrombus is made up of a fi brin meshwork (brown) together with platelets (light purple). Erythrocytes
(red) and leucocytes (green) are trapped in the network.
We wish to thank our many colleagues at the Royal Free Hospital and in Birmingham who have com-
mented on the various chapters and made helpful suggestions for improvements. We are also indebted to
our publishers, Wiley - Blackwell, and particularly to Rebecca Huxley who has provided tremendous skills
throughout the assembly of this new edition, and Jane Fellows who has expertly drawn all the line
diagrams.
A.V. Hoff brand and P.A.H. Moss
November 2010