Table Of ContentEssential Facts in
Cardiovascular Medicine
Essential Facts in
Cardiovascular Medicine
BOARD REVIEW AND CLINICAL PEARLS
Yerem Yeghiazarians, MD
Professor of Medicine
Leone- Perkins Family Endowed Chair in Cardiology
UCSF Medical Center
San Francisco, CA
Rutgers University Press Medicine
New Brunswick, Camden, and Newark, New Jersey, and London
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Yeghiazarians, Yerem, author.
Title: Essential facts in cardiovascular medicine : board review
and clinical pearls / Yerem Yeghiazarians.
Description: New Brunswick, New Jersey : Rutgers University
Press, [2017] | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017038604 | ISBN 9780813579689
(pbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780813592473 (Mobi) | ISBN
9780813579696 (epub) | ISBN 9780813579702 (Web PDF)
Subjects: | MESH: Cardiovascular Diseases | Handbooks
Classification: LCC RC667 | NLM WG 39 | DDC 616.1— dc23
LC rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2017038604
A British Cataloging- in- Publication rec ord for this book is
available from the British Library.
Executive Editor: Kel McGowan
Compositor: Westchester Publishing Services
Copyright © 2018 by Yerem Yeghiazarians
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information
storage and retrieval system, without written permission from
the publisher. Please contact Rutgers University Press, 106
Somerset Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901. The only exception
to this prohibition is “fair use” as defined by U.S. copyright law.
The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of
the American National Standard for Information Sciences—
Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,
ANSI Z39 . 48 - 1992.
www. r utgersuniversitypress. o rg
Manufactured in the United States of Amer i ca
Contents
Abbreviations vii
Preface xi
Acknowl edgments xiii
1 Statistics 1
2 General Cardiology 3
3 Physical Exam 20
4 EKG 25
5 Congenital Heart Disease 29
6 Valvular Heart Disease 40
7 Heart Failure/Transplant 53
8 Acute Coronary Syndromes 63
9 Pericardial Disease 71
10 Electrophysiology 77
11 Pharmacology 89
12 Pregnancy 97
13 Pulmonary Hypertension 100
14 Peripheral Vascular Disease 105
15 Echocardiography 117
16 Interventional Cardiology 122
17 Cardiac Tumors 135
18 Formulas 138
References 141
Works Cited 147
Index 151
v
Abbreviations
AAA abdominal aortic aneurysm
ACC American College of Cardiology
ACE angiotensin- converting enzyme
ACS acute coronary syndrome
AHA American Heart Association
ALCAPA anomalous left coronary artery arising from
the pulmonary artery
ANCA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies
APLS antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
AR aortic regurgitation
ARB angiotensin receptor blocker
ARC Academic Research Consortium
ARNI angiotensin receptor- neprilysin inhibitor
(valsartan/sacubitril)
ARVD arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia
AS aortic stenosis
ASCVD atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease
ASD atrial septal defect
AV aortic valve
AVA aortic valve area
AVNRT atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
AVRT atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia
BMI body mass index
BP blood pressure
BSA body surface area
CABG coronary artery bypass grafting
CAD coronary artery disease
CCA common carotid artery
CEA carotid endarterectomy
vii
viii Abbreviations
CHF congestive heart failure
CMP cardiomyopathy
CMV cytomegalovirus
CO cardiac output
COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CPVT catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular
tachycardia
CRT cardiac resynchronization therapy
CTA computed tomography angiography
CTEPH chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
CTO chronic total occlusion
CV cardiovascular
DBP diastolic blood pressure
DLCO diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide
DVT deep vein t hrombosis
EBV Epstein- Barr virus
EF ejection fraction
EKG electrocardiogram
ERO effective regurgitant orifice
FBG fasting blood glucose
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FMD fibromuscular dysplasia
GI gastrointestinal
HCM hypertrophic c ardiomyopathy
HDL high- density lipoprotein
HF heart failure
HFpEF heart failure preserved ejection fraction
HFrEF heart failure reduced ejection fraction
HIV h uman immunodeficiency virus
HR heart rate
HTN hypertension
IABP intra- aortic balloon pump
ICA internal carotid artery
ICD implantable cardioverter defibrillator
IM intramuscular
IMI inferior myo car dial infarction
IV intravenous
IVC inferior vena cava
JVP jugular venous pressure
LA left atrium
Abbreviations ix
LAA left atrial appendage
LAD left anterior descending artery
LAE left atrial enlargement
LAFB left anterior fascicular block
LBBB left bundle branch block
LCx left circumflex a rtery
LDL low- density lipoprotein
LMWH low molecular weight heparin
LOE level of evidence
LPFB left posterior fascicular block
LV left ventricular
LVEDD left ventricular end- diastolic dia meter
LVEDP left ventricular ejection fraction
LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
LVESD left ventricular end- systolic dia meter
LVH left ventricular hypertrophy
MACE major adverse cardiovascular event
MAP mean arterial pressure
MI myo car dial infarction
mPAP mean pulmonary artery pressure
MR mitral regurgitation
MRI magnetic resonance imaging
MS mitral stenosis
MV mitral valve
MVP mitral valve prolapse
NO nitric oxide
NSAID nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug
NSTEMI non- ST elevation myo car dial infarction
NYHA New York Heart Association
PAD peripheral artery disease
PAH pulmonary arterial hypertension
PAP pulmonary artery pressure
PCI percutaneous coronary intervention
PDA patent ductus arteriosus
PE pulmonary embolism
PFO patent foramen ovale
PH pulmonary hypertension
PHT pressure halftime
PPM permanent pacemaker
PR pulmonic regurgitation
