ESD Design for Analog Circuits

474 Pages·2010·13.59 MB·English

by  Vladislav A. Vashchenko

ESD Design for Analog Circuits

·
Vladislav A. Vashchenko Andrei Shibkov
ESD Design for Analog
Circuits
123
VladislavA.Vashchenko AndreiShibkov
NationalSemiconductor AngstromDesignAutomation
SemiconductorDriveM/SE-155 1336FruitdaleAve.A3
SantaClara,CA95052 SanJose,CA95126
USA USA
[email protected] [email protected]
ISBN978-1-4419-6564-6 e-ISBN978-1-4419-6565-3
DOI10.1007/978-1-4419-6565-3
SpringerNewYorkDordrechtHeidelbergLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010929991
©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2010
Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten
permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York,
NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Usein
connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,
orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden.
Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,eveniftheyare
notidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyaresubject
toproprietaryrights.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com)
Toourfamilies

Preface
ThisBookandSimulationSoftwareBundleProject
Dear Reader, this book project brings to you a unique study tool for ESD
protection solutions used in analog-integrated circuit (IC) design. Quick-start
learningiscombinedwithin-depthunderstandingforthewholespectrumofcross-
disciplinary knowledge required to excel in the ESD field. The chapters cover
technical material from elementary semiconductor structure and device levels up
tocomplexanalogcircuitdesignexamplesandcasestudies.
The book project provides two different options for learning the material. The
printedmaterialcanbestudiedasanyregulartechnicaltextbook.Atthesametime,
another option adds parallel exercise using the trial version of a complementary
commercialsimulationtoolwithpreparedsimulationexamples.
Combination of the textbook material with numerical simulation experience
presents a unique opportunity to gain a level of expertise that is hard to achieve
otherwise.Thebookisbundledwithsimplifiedtrialversionofcommercialmixed-
mode simulation software from Angstrom Design Automation. The DECIMMTM
(Device CircuitMixed-Mode) simulatortooland complementary tothebook sim-
ulation examples can be downloaded from www.analogesd.com. The simulation
examples prepared by the authors support the specific examples discussed across
thebookchapters.
Akeyideabehindthisprojectistoprovideanopportunitytonotonlystudythe
book material but also gain a much deeper understanding of the subject by direct
experiencethroughpracticalsimulationexamples.
Eachsectionofthebookisaccompaniedbyasetofsimulationexamplesdirectly
relatedtothemaintopicsaddressedinthesection.
Theexamplesarenotjustsnapshotsofthesimulationresults.Insteadthereader
hasanoptiontouserealsimulationsoftwaretool.Thisallowsthereaderapractical
opportunity to understand the ESD simulation examples by interactively studying
the simulation results and changing simulation parameters within the limits of the
trialversion.
At the same time, the simulator software does not require any advanced skills
in the technology computer sided design (TCAD) area. The authors of this book
vii
viii Preface
andDECIMMTM simulationtooldevelopersbelievethatinteractivefeaturesofthe
newtoolwillallowanyelectricalengineerorcircuitdesignertorunthesimulations
successfully.
Althoughthefreeversionofthesimulationhassomelimitationscomparedtothe
full version, functionality of the free version is more than sufficient for it to be an
indispensabletoolinmasteringofthesubjectofthisbook.
Nevertheless,thereaderswhodonotwanttotakeanadvantageofthesimulation
orprefertopostponetheexperiencecanreadthetextbookasanyregulartechnical
textbook.
The body of the book is prepared absolutely independent from the simulation
examples,whicharereferredtoonlyattheendofeachchapter.
SubjectandPurposeofThisBook
ESD design for analog circuits is a very diverse and cross-disciplinary field. It
involves an understanding of semiconductor device physics in strong non-linear
operationregimedeepknowledgeofmodernCMOS,BICMOS,andBCDprocess
technologies, expertise in analog circuit design mixed with understanding of the
product application conditions and specs, and even trends in marketing for analog
integratedcomponents.
Therefore,oneofthemajorchallengesacceptedbytheauthorsofthisbookcon-
sistsinselectionofanappropriatedepthofmaterialthatwillprovidepracticalhelp
insuccessfulESDdesignandcanstillbeaccessibleenoughtobeusedbyabroad
audience.Thischallengerequiresbothanappropriatesimplificationtofitthemate-
rial within the limits of a single textbook and a new methodology to present the
material.Themethodologyisbasedoncombiningthephenomenologicalapproach
andsimulationresults.
The book is organized in a hierarchy from the semiconductor device level to
theproductcircuitlevel.Intheory,eachchaptercanbestudiedindependently.The
sevenchaptersofthebookaddressthefollowinghierarchicallevels:
I. SemiconductorStructures
II. IntegratedStandardandESDDevices
III. ESDClampDesignPrinciples
IV. ESDProtectionNetworkDesignPrinciples
V. ProtectionofSignalPathAnalogIntegratedCircuits
VI. ProtectionofPowerManagementAnalogIntegratedCircuits
VII. SystemLevelandDiscreteComponentESD
ThisbooktargetsallmajoraspectsofESDprotection:device,network,andcir-
cuitdesignlevels,mainlyfocusingonmodernintegratedcomponents.Systemlevel
anddiscretecomponent’sESDprotectionisaddressedtoointhelastchapter.
Preface ix
Thishierarchyisestablishedinordertoenablebothsequentialandindependent
studyofthematerialdependingofspecificreaderexpertiseandpreference.
The authors expect that ESD engineers as well as students would appreciate a
systematic representation of the material in increasing level of complexity. This
approach covers the major background knowledge required for understanding the
material.
Professionals already working in this field with engineering background exper-
tise in device design may find it useful to skip the device chapters and proceed
to the ESD network and analog circuit design material, while experts in circuit
designmaybenefitfromthedevicephysicsmaterialthatcoversphysicalprinciples
ofconductivitymodulationinsemiconductorstructures.
Theauthorsbelievethatanoptiontointeractivelystudythesimulationexamples
willgreatlybenefitallreaders.
The overall purpose of this book is to help professionals in the field to deal
with the Analog ESD Design issues in their everyday professional work, attack-
ing problems at all hierarchical levels starting from the device ESD level up to
animplementationofintegratedself-protectingsolutions.Thebookissupposedto
“arm”readersnotonlywithimportantpracticalandtechnicalknowledge,butalso
to add a complementary simulation experience that can be further developed with
the light version of new industrial mixed mode simulation software DECIMMTM
fromAngstromDesignAutomation.
TheBookStructure
ThebookisorganizedinincreasingcomplexityofthediscussedESDsubjects.This
is not complexity in terms of understanding, since that will depend on the level
of expertise – circuit or device design – with which an engineering professional
is approaching this book. Thus, the level of complexity of the material across the
chaptersforcircuitdesignerswillperhapsbeoppositetothelevelofcomplexityfor
deviceengineers.
TheChapter1tothebookbelowrepresentsashortreviewofbackgroundmate-
rial relevant to the ESD field, describing the authors’ understanding of the field
itself,ESDpulsespecificationandseveralothergeneralaspects.Atthesametime,
theintroductionmainlyrefersthereaderstootherpreviouslypublishedbooksinthe
field,inordertomaximizethespaceinthecurrentbookformaterialpertainingto
thegoalabove.Aswell,theintroductionestablishesimportantdefinitionsnecessary
forunderstandingthepresentedmaterial.
Chapter 2 presents introductory material to the device design field. It provides
a fundamental knowledge of conductivity modulation processes in the elementary
semiconductorstructures:p-n,p-i-n,n-p-n,p-n-p,p-n-p-n.Thephysicalprocesses
in these structures are described on a simplified phenomenological level that is
easy to understand and further supported by rather simple independent simulation
examples.