Table Of ContentDOCUMENT RESUME
HE 034 310
ED 456 750
Howe, Richard D.
AUTHOR
Salary-Trend Study of Faculty in General Teacher Education
TITLE
for the Years 1997-98 and 2000-01.
Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC.; College and Univ.
INSTITUTION
Professional Association for Human Resources, Washington,
DC.
PUB DATE 2001-00-00
21p.; For the salary-trend study of general teacher
NOTE
education faculty for 1996-97 and 1999-2000, see ED 442 388.
For other salary-trend studies for 1997-98 and 2000-01, see
HE 034 283-336.
Reports
Research (143)
PUB TYPE
MF01/PC01 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
*College Faculty; Comparative Analysis; Higher Education;
DESCRIPTORS
Intellectual Disciplines; *Preservice Teacher Education;
*Private Colleges; *Public Colleges; Statistical Data;
Tables (Data); *Teacher Salaries; Trend Analysis
Classification of Instructional Programs; Consumer Price
IDENTIFIERS
Index
ABSTRACT
This report is part of an annual national survey that
examines salaries of full-time teaching faculty in 54 selected disciplines..
Data for the study as a whole were collected from 305 public and 403 private
institutions for the baseline year of 1997-1998 and the trend year of
1999-2000. This portion of the study covers salary data for General Teacher
Education faculty at 100 public and 75 private institutions for 2000-2001,
with comparable numbers for 1997-1998. Data are presented for average
salaries by faculty rank, "faculty mix percent" (percentage of faculty at
each rank), and "salary factors" (ratio of the average salary in the
discipline to the total institution average). Salary trend information is
compared for public and private institutions for each of the two study
periods with trend information for all fields and with the Consumer Price
Index. The study found that for the 2000-2001 period the average salary of
$50,553 for 1,226 faculty in public institutions was approximately 12.2%
lower than the average salary for all faculty in all major fields, and the
average salary for faculty in private institutions was 17.6% lower than that
for all faculty. The average salary increase was 0.3% per year below the
cost-of-living for public institutions and 3.0% per year above the
cost-of-living for private institutions as measured by the Consumer Price
Index. Appendixes contain a list of the selected academic disciplines and
lists of public and private institutions participating in both studies.
(SLD)
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
EDUCATION FOR
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN GENERAL TEACHER
THE YEARS
1997-98 AND 2000-01
Foreword
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
BEEN GRANTED BY
CENTER (ERIC)
by
document has been reproduced as
Fel/his
received from the person or organization
originating it.
Minor changes have been made to
Richard D. Howe
improve reproduction quality.
Appalachian State University
RESOURCES
TO THE EDUCATIONAL
Points of view or opinions stated in this
INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)
document do not necessarily represent
Boone, NC 28608
official OERI position or policy.
1
.
for Human Resources
Since 1982-83 the College and University Professional Association
University in Boone, NC,
(CUPA-HR) in Washington, D.C., in cooperation with Appalachian State
rank each year through 2000-
have conducted annual national faculty salary surveys by discipline and
senior colleges and universities and
01. Two separate surveys are conducted each year, one for public
the other for private senior colleges and universities.
tabulated for full-time
Salary data from the 1997-98 and 2000-01 surveys were collected and
those defined
teaching faculty in 54 selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among
by A Classification of Instructional Programs, 1990.
of the overall average
Each of the 54 academic disciplines/major fields presents a summary
year" of 1997-98 to, and
salary increase in that academic discipline/major field from the "baseline
institutions. Of the
including, the "trend year" of 2000-01 for both public and private participating
public survey of 1997-98, 305 also
371 public institutions which participated in CUPA-HR's
used in both the
participated in the 2000-01 survey. Data from those same 305 institutions were
participated in CUPA-HR's
baseline year and the trend year studies. Of the 543 institutions which
from those same 403
private survey of 1997-98, 403 also participated in the 2000-01 survey. Data
institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year studies.
for both public and
In addition to listing the average salaries in General Teacher Education
and listing the faculty
private participating institutions by rank, including "new assistant professor,"
between the two public
mix percentage (FAC MIX PCT) and the salary factor, comparisons are made
study years (1997-98 and 2000-01) and with
surveys and the two private surveys for each of the two
the CPI (Consumer Price Index) of changes in the cost-of-living.
General
The list of all 54 selected academic disciplines/major fields surveyed, including
senior colleges and
Teacher Education, is found in Appendix A, and the list of all participating
universities are found in Appendix B (public) and C (private) of this article.
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
2
SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN
GENERAL TEACHER EDUCATION
FOR THE YEARS
1997-98 AND 2000-01
by
Kathryn A. Peacock
Since 1982-83 the College and University Professional Association for Human Resources
Boone, North
(CUPA-HR) in Washington, D.C., in cooperation with Appalachian State University in
and rank through
Carolina, has conducted two annual national fiiculty salary studies by discipline
colleges and
2000-01: one for public senior colleges and universities, and the other for private senior
universities.
in 54
Salary data for each study were collected and tabulated for full-time teaching faculty
Classification of
selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among those defined by A
defines the
Instructional Programs *(CIP), 1990, including General Teacher Education. The CIP
discipline/major field of General Teacher Education as,
A group of instructional programs that prepares individuals to teach
at various educational levels.*
[*A Classification of Instructional Programs (Washington, D.C.:
National Center for Education Statistics, [1990]. P. 80--
13.1300)1
field of
This article summarizes the overall average salary increases in the discipline/major
of 1997-
General Teacher Education for both public and private institutions from the "baseline year"
CUPA-
98 to and including the "trend year" of 2000-01. Ofthe 371 institutions which participated in
305
HR's PUBLIC study of 1997-98, 305 also participated in 2000-01. Data from those same
which
institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. Of the 543 institutions
3
also participated in 2000-01. Data from
participated in CUPA-HR' s PRIVATE study
of1997-98, 403
those same 403 institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year.
General Teacher
This article lists the average salaries for the discipline/major field
of
Education for both public and private participating institutions by rank, including NEW ASST PROF
FACTOR
(new assistant professor), the FAC MIX PCT (faculty mix percentage), and the SALARY
Comparisons are also made using the CPI's (Consumer Price Index) changes in cost-of-living
and 2000-01).
between the two studies for each of the two study years
(1997-98
and measures/tabulates prices of food, clothing,
The CPI uses a base period of
1982-84
shelter and fuels, transportation, medical care, entertainment and other goods and services people buy
for day-to-day living. When examining trends in faculty salary, it is important to consider any changes
in the purchasing power of salaries due to inflation. Comparing changes in the faculty salaries with
the CPI gives one a more precise view of what "real" salary increases are, that is, buying power.
The salary is based on a nine- or 10-month academic year salary of full-time faculty, and does
academic work, fringe
not include any faculty teaching less than 51 percent. Salary for summer
benefits, and perquisites are also not included in the salary data. The average salary is based on the
study information with the assumption that all employees are full-time. The average salary displayed
is an average of all faculty salaries reported for a given rank and discipline.
"NUM" refers to the number of faculty members whose salaries were included to compute
the average salary.
"N/IN" refers to the number of institutions that reported salary data for a given academic rank
and discipline/major field.
The FAC MIX PCT represents the percentage o f faculty in a given discipline/major field who
2
hold a given academic rank. For example, a FAC MIX PCT factor of 29.1 for associate professors
of General Teacher Education in the 1997-98 public study means that 29.1 percent of the faculty in
that discipline/major field held the rank of associate professor.
The SALARY FACTOR for a given rank in a given discipline/major field represents the ratio
of the average salary to the total average salary of all institutions in each of the four studies: PUBLIC
1997-98, PUBLIC 2000-01, PRIVATE 1997-98 and PRIVATE 2000-01. For example, a SALARY
FACTOR of 0.95 for associate professors in the discipline/major field of General Teacher Education
in the 1997-98 public study means that their average salary is five percent lower than the average
salary for all associate professors in all institutions in that study.
NEW ASST PROF refers to the grouping of assistant professors hired for the first time in the
fall of the study year (1997-98 or 2000-01). All information for this group was included in the ASST
PROF group for reporting purposes.
ALL MAJOR FIELDS refers to the entire data base for all 54 disciplines/major fields in each
of the four studies. Among other things, it is used to compare the discipline/major field of General
Teacher Education with the entire data base for each study.
The reader will find the size of the sample on which each percentage or dollar value is based
to be of particular importance. The smaller the number in the group, the greater the effect of extreme
scores on a descriptive statistic such as the average. It should also be noted that any large disparity
in the sample sizes between the "baseline year" of 1997-98 and the "trend year" of 2000-01 will
lessen the reliability and validity of any conclusions that one might make based on a simple
comparison of averages.
3
5
ASST NEW ASST
ASSOC
ALL RANKS
INSTRUCTOR
PROF PROF
PROF
PROF
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM NAN SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM N/IN
SALARY NUM
SALARY NUM NIIN
N/IN
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
MAJOR FIELD: General Teacher Education
PUBLIC, 1997-98:
AVERAGE
46985
31576
92 44
456
37730
87 68 1307
47885 39756
45
380 90
379
100
58523
83
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
5.2%
29.1%
7.0%
34.9%
29.0%
PCT:
SALARY
0.90
0.96
0.96
0.90 0.95
1.01
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
94917 305
4477 292
6033 273
26557 305
28739 305
33588 305
51971
39457
31233
41389
50601
65235
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
6.4%
28.0% 4.7%
30.3%
35.4%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
MAJOR FIELD: General Teacher Education
PUBLIC, 2000-01:
AVERAGE
32148 40
1126
50553
99
41608
132
84 56
64584 314 42693 346
52027
334
39
86
79
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
11.7%
29.7% 30.7%
5.0%
27.9%
PCT:
SALARY
0.89
0.94
.93
0.90
0.93 0.93
FACTOR:
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
4595 286
6740 260
25102 305
86307
29214 305
56712
305
34612
45702
44131
72044 305
25251
55877
SALARY:
FAC MIX
100.0%
7.8%
29.3%
29.1%
5.3%
33.8%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
MAJOR FIELD: General Teacher Education
PRIVATE, 1997-98:
AVERAGE
440
42191
75
31838 40
60
44649
35 25
36421
36732
52745 45
19
SALARY:
167
140
93 53
FAC MIX
100.0%
9.1%
8.0%
21.1% 31.8% 38.0%
PCT:
SALARY
0.84
0.98
0.94
0.92
0.91
FACTOR:
0.83
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
43743 403
2246 351
2168 320
50060
13418 401
14126 400
32640
40160
38908
48638
63549
1403 I
SALARY:
40 I
FAC MIX
5.0%
100.0%
32.1%
30.7% 5.1%
32.3%
PCT:
DISCIPLINE: EDUCATION
MAJOR FIELD: General Teacher Education
PRIVATE, 2000-01:
AVERAGE
242
47979
43
42148
48477
34813
60618 41453
7
77 96
SALARY:
58 26 30
16
11
31
11
FAC MIX
4.5%
100.0%
24.0% 6.6%
31.8%
39.7%
PCT:
SALARY
0.85
0.98 0.95
0.90
FACTOR: 0.83
0.92
ALL MAJOR FIELDS
AVERAGE
2348 355
42767
13367 400
2130 313
13778 399
13492 400
403
72649
56401
43076
36483
54109
SALARY:
45141
FAC MIX
32.2% 100.0%
5.0%
31.5%
PCT:
31.3% 5.5%
4
RESULTS OF THE TWO PUBLIC STUDIES: 1997-98 AND 2000-01
In the PUBLIC 1997-98 study in the above table, the discipline/major field ofGenera1Teacher
Education was reported in 100 of the 305 public institutions. The average salary of the 1,307 fitculty
was $46,985. This average salary was approximately 10.6 percent lower than the average salary of
$51,971 for all 94,917 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the same 1997-98 public study.
For the PUBLIC 2000-01 salary study in the above table, General Teacher Education was
reported in 99 of the same 305 public institutions. The average salary of the 1,226 faculty was
$50,553. This average salary was approximately 12.2 percent lower than the average salary of
$56,712 for all 86,307 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 2000-01 public study.
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in the discipline/major field of
General Teacher Education in the public institutions studied was 7.6 percent ($50,553 minus $46,985
equals $3,568). The CPI of increase cost-of-living betWeen October 1997 and October 2000 was 7.7
percent. In comparison, with the CPI, there was a relative increase in General Teacher Education
average faculty salaries over the three-year period by 0.1 percent or an average of .03 percent each
year below the cost-of-living.
The increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS over three years in
the public institutions studied was 9.1 percent ($56,712 minus $51,971 equals $4,741). In compar-
ison to the discipline/major field of General Teacher Education (7.6%), the faculty in ALL MAJOR
FIELDS received a relative increase in their salaries of 1.5 percent more than the faculty in the
discipline/major field of General Teacher Education.
In the 1997-98 and 2000-01 studies the faculty mix percentages in General Teacher Education
are lower at the professor rank than at the assistant professor rank: 29.0 percent vs. 34.9 percent, and
5
29.7 percent vs. 30.7 percent, respectively. The differences in faculty mix percentage at the ranks
of professor and assistant professors in ALL MAJOR FIELDS for both public studies are 35.4
percent vs. 28.0 percent (1997-98) and 33.8 percent vs. 29.3 percent (2000-01).
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in General Teacher Education in the public
studies was higher than the hiring rate of ALL MAJOR FIELDS in 1997-98, 5.2 percent (68/1,307)
vs 4.7 percent (4,477/94,917) and lower in 2000-01, 5.0 percent (56/1,126) vs. 5.3 percent
(4,595/86,307).
RESULTS OF THE TWO PRIVATE STUDIES: 1997-98 AND 2000-01
The PRIVATE 1997-98 salary study in the above table indicates that the discipline/major field
of General Teacher Education was reported in 75 of the 403 private institutions. The average salary
of the 440 faculty was $42,191, an average salary 18.7 percent lower than the average salary of
$50,060 for all 43,743 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1997-98 private study.
In the PRIVATE 2000-01 salary study in the above table, 43 of the same 403 private
institutions reported General Teacher Education. The average salary of the 242 faculty was $47,979,
in ALL
an average salary 17.6 percent lower than the average salary of $56,401 for all 42,767 faculty
MAJOR FIELDS in the 2000-01 private study.
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in General Teacher Education in
the private institutions studied was 13.7 percent ($47,979 minus $42,191 equals $5,788). The CPI
increased cost-of-living between October 1997 and Oetober 2000 was 7.7 percent. A more realistic
increase, therefore, in the average faculty salaries of General Teacher Education over the three-year
time period, is 6.0 percent or 3.0 percent each year above the cost-of-living.
6
The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the
privte institutions studied was 12.1 percent ($56,401 minus $50,060 equals $6,341). In comparison
to General Teacher Education (13.7%), the faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS increased their salaries
1.6 percent less than faculty in General Teacher Education.
For both studies in the discipline/major field of General Teacher Education, the faculty mix
percentage is lower at the professor rank in comparison to the assistant professor rank: 21.1 percent
vs. 38.0 percent (1997-98); and 24.0 percent vs 39.7 percent, (2000-01). The differences in the ranks
of professor and assistant professor in ALL MAJOR FIELDS for both private studies are 32.3
percent vs. 30.7 percent (1997-98) and 32.2 percent vs. 31.3 percent (2000-01).
Finally, the hiring rate for new assistant professors in General Teacher Education was higher
than the hiring rate in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1997-98 private study: 8.0 percent (35/440) vs.
5.1 percent (2,246/43,743) and lower in the 2000-01 private study: 6.6 percent (16/242) vs. 5.5
percent (2,348/42,767).
CONCLUSION
This article presents salary-trend information on the academic discipline/major field of
General Teacher Education and compares that information with both ALL MAJOR FIELDS and the
CPI over a period of three years, from the "baseline year" of 1997-98 through the "trend year" of
2000-01. Two studies--one for public institutions, and the other for private institutionswere
conducted for the baseline year and for the trend yeara total of four studies. A total of 3,115
(1.2%) faculty in the discipline/major field of General Teacher Education participated and were
included in the 54 disciplines/major fields in each of the four studies and in the overall total of
7
267,743 participating faculty. The same 305 public institutions and the same 403 private institutions
in the United States participated in the baseline year and in the trend year.
Although the public and private studies data may be interpreted in a variety of ways, several
significant points are as follows. First, the average faculty salary factors in the discipline/major field
of General Teacher Education for the 1997-98 public study was 10.6 percent below that of all ranks
in ALL MAJOR FIELDS (1.00); and for the 1997-98 private study it was 18.7 percent below the
average faculty salary factors for all ranks in ALL MAJOR FIELDS (1.00). In both the public and
private studies the average faculty salary factors for all ranks in General Teacher Education in 2000-
01 were 12.2 percent below and 17.6 percent below the average salary factors for all ranks in ALL
MAJOR FIELDS (1.00), respectively.
Second, the October 2000 CPI reflects an 7.7 percent increase over the October 1997 CPI
and indicates that the faculty in General Teacher Education in the public institutions received an
average annual salary increase of 0.3 percent below the cost-of-living. In the private institutions the
annual average salary increase was 3.0 percent below the cost-of-living.
Third, in the 1997-98 and 2000-01 public studies and the 1997-98 and 2000-01 private
studies in General Teacher Education, the professor rank FAC MIX PCTs are lower than those for
the assistant professor rank.
Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in General Teacher Education in the 1997-
98 public study and in the 1997-98 and 2000-01 private studies were higher than the hiring rate of
ALL MAJOR FIELDS; however, in the 2000-01 public study the hiring rate for new assistant
professors was lower.
Because a significant data base of average faculty salaries in the academic discipline/major
is anticipated that this infor-
field of General Teacher Education has now been developed, it
8
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