ERIC ED431532: Child Care You Can Count On: Model Programs and Policies.

47 Pages·1998·1 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 431 532
PS 027 688
TITLE
Child Care You Can Count On: Model Programs and Policies.
INSTITUTION
Annie E. Casey Foundation, Baltimore, MD.
PUB DATE 1998-00-00
NOTE
46p.
PUB TYPE Reports
Descriptive (141)
EDRS PRICE
MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Adolescents; Birth Weight; Child Health; *Children; *Day
Care; Demography; Dropouts; Early Childhood Education; Early
Parenthood; Employed Parents; Homicide; Incidence; Low
Income Groups; Mortality Rate; Poverty; Program
Descriptions; Public Policy; *Social Indicators; State
Surveys; Statistical Surveys; Suicide; Tables (Data); Trend
Analysis; Violence; Wages; *Well Being; Youth Problems
IDENTIFIERS
Arrests; *Indicators
ABSTRACT
This document is composed of an overview of the 1998 Kids
Count data book, a pocket guide summarizing findings, and information sheets
on various aspects of child care. The overview discusses the need for child
care, examines its cost, presents information on the quality of available
child care, describes potential solutions to make child care affordable and
of high quality, and concludes that there is a national obligation to ensure
that children of low-income working families have safe, supportive, and
affordable care. The "Pocket Guide on America's Youth" presents national
trends between 1975 and 1995 in the well-being of America's children. The
statistical portrait is based on 10 indicators:
(1) low birth weight infants;
(2) infant mortality;
(3) child mortality;
(4) teen violent deaths;
(5) teen
births;
(6) juvenile violent crime arrests;
(7) high school dropouts;
(8)
teens not in school or working;
(9) child poverty; and (10) families headed
by single parents. Current state and national data are also provided for:
(1)
children under 6 with working parents;
(2) children ages 6-12 with working
parents;
(3) children under 13 in low-income families with working parents;
(4) child care workers' median hourly wages;
(5) preschool teachers' median
hourly wages; and (6) median hourly wages of all workers. Individual
information sheets discuss the following:
(1) child care affordability;
(2)
child care accessibility;
(3) care for school-age children;
(4) community
building;
(5) family child care;
(6) child care quality;
(7) professional
development for caregivers; and (8) consumer awareness. Each sheet includes
potential strategies and sources for additional information.
(KB)
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Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
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BEST COPY AVAILABLE
The Annie E. Casey
Foundation
701 St Paul St
Baltimore, MD 21202
[phone]
http-//www aecf org
-.
..4")
Data Book,
To obtain one free copy of the
KIDS' COUNT
Data Sheet, or an additional copy of
the
1GOS COUNT
the Pocket Guide, call:
[phone]
KIDS COUNT
,
A Pocket Guide on
America's Youth
Pocket Guide was
The IOUS
CouNT
produced for the Annie E. Casey
Foundation by:
Population
Reference Bureau
rrn
1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, Suite 520
kids
Washington, DC 20009
count
Annie E. Casey Foundation
http://www.prb.org
KIDS COUNT, a project of the Annie E. Casey
Foundation, is a national and state-by-state
effort to track the status of children in the
United States. By providing policymakers and
Citizens. With henchMarks of Child well-being,
KIDS COUNT seeks to enrich local, state, and
national discussions concerning ways to secure
better futures for all children. At the n'ational
level, the principal activity of the initiative is
the publication of the annual KIDS COUNT.
Data Book, which uses the best available data
to measure the educational, social, economic,
and physical well-being of children_ The
Foundation also funds a nationwide network
of state-level KIDS COUNT projects that provide
a more detailed community-by-community
picture of the condition of children_
4
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
THE ANNIE E. CASEY FOUNDATION is a private charitable
organization dedicated to helping build better futures for disadvantaged
children in the United States. It was established in 1948 by Jim Casey,
one of the founders of United Parcel Service, and his siblings, who
named the Foundation in honor of their mother. The primary mission
of the Foundation is to foster public policies, human-service reforms,
and community supports that more effectively meet the needs of
today's vulnerable children and families. In pursuit of this goal, the
Foundation makes grants that help states, cities, and communities
fashion more innovative, cost-effective responses to these needs.
count
The Annie E. Casey
Foundation
701 St. Paul Street
Baltimore, MD 21202
410.547.6600
Fax [phone]
www.aed.org
AVALABLE
BEST COPY
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1
Making Quality Child Care a Reality for
America's Low-Income Working Families
Quality child care is a critical resource for the 29 million
young children living in families with working parents. It is now
estimated that more than half of all American families with chil-
dren under age 13 regularly require some nonparental assistance to
help care for and supervise their kids.
I
:or
The need to find appropriate, affordable, and accessible child
care is even more acute for the 10 million children whose parents
labor in low-income jobs, often with nontraditional hours.
4
And the nation's child-care challenge grows with each passing
month as more families leave welfare and enter the complex world
of work. In August 1997 the number of people on federal welfare
rolls dropped below 10 million for the first time in 25 years
compared to its peak of 14.4 million individuals in 1994.
By the year 2000, millions of families currently receiving
5
5
II
welfare will need to spend more and more time in the workforce,
I
I
while seeing to the day-to-day needs of one or more children. For
these low-income families, child care will be crucial. Yet, if history
is our guide, it may also be unaffordable, inaccessible, unreliable,
or of unacceptable quality.
Having a parent in the workforce increases the chances of
escaping poverty and offers essential role models and opportunities
to children. Indeed, this is the core rationale and moral ground for
*
our national commitment to reform the welfare system. But this
rationale holds only if the employment of low-skilled parents does
not fundamentally compromise their parambunt parental obliga-
tion to ensure that their children are are reliably cared for and are
safe. The inescapable obligation to develop affordable, accessible,
reliable, caring, and stimulating child care for our most vulnerable
children is the central focus of our ninth annual KIDS COUNT
Data Book.
Douglas W. Nelson
President
The Annie E. Casey Foundation
1
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Child Deaths per 100,000
Percent Low Birth-Weight Babies,
Children Ages 1-14, 1975-1995
1975-1995
50
8.0
ci
7.5
40
7.0
30
6.5
1111111111111111
11111111111111111
20
6.0
1975
1980
1975 1985
1990 1995
1980
1985
1990
1995
The percentage of babies weighing less than 5.5
The child death rate has dropped 37 percent since
pounds at birth has risen over the past 10 years to 7.3
1975, reaching 28 deaths per 100,000 children in
percent in 1995its highest level since 1976.
1995.
Deaths by Accident, Homicide, and
Suicide per 100,000 Teens Ages 15-19,
Infant Deaths
1975-1995
per 1,000 Live Births, 1975-1995
20
90
80
15
70
10
60
11111111111111111
50
5
1975
1980
1985 1975
1990 1985
1980
1990
1995
1995
In the last 20 years, the infant mortality rate has been
There were 65 deaths by accident, homicide, and
cut by more than halffrom 16.1 in 1975 to 7.6 in
suicide for every 100,000 teens in 1995down from
1995.
69 in 1994. The rate still is 7 percent higher than the
1983 rate of 61 per 100,000 teens, however.
2
3
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Teen Birth Rate
High School Dropouts
Births per 1,000 Females Ages 15-17,
Percent of 16-19 Year-Olds Not in School
1975-1995
and Not High School Grads, 1975-1995
50
15
40
12
30
9
20
tilt
III
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I I I I I
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I
1
1 0
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6
1990
1995
1985
1980
1975
1980
1985 1990 1995
1975
Despite a noticeable increase in the last few years, 16-
After rising to 39 births per 1,000 teen girls in 1992,
19 year-olds remained less likely to drop out of school
teenage childbearing has declined in recent years. The
in 1995 (10 percent) than in 1975 (12 percent).
teen birth rate now is at its lowest level since 1989.
Juvenile Violent Crime Arrests
Idle Teens
per 100,000 Youths Ages 10-17,
Percent of 16-19 YearOlds Not in School
1975-1996
and Not Working, 1975-1996
600
15
500
12
400
9
300
200
6
1990
1980
1995
1985
1975
1990
1975
1980
1995
1985
Juvenile arrests for violent crimes soared in the late
About 10 percent of youth are currently neither in
1980s and early 1990s. In the last two years, however,
school nor at worka measure that reflects the
the rate has dropped 12 percent, to 470 arrests per
difficulties of the transition from school to work.
100,000 youths in 1996.
4
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
Data on child care
Indicators used to determine national composite ranking
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$10.35
$6.12 $7.80
26
63
65 507
21
7.6 9
51
10
36
7.3
28
'
21
United States
8.73
5.46 6.53
60
65 26
29
259
10 23
92
9.8
47
38 47
9.0
11
Alabama
.
1
9.02 13.44
8.52
23
15
68 58
70 377
30
7.7
8
25
11
5.3
11
41
Alaska
j
9.60
6.18
48
24 5.71
,
25 26
58
480
11,
48
93
7.5
14 ;
6.8
42
31
Arizona
8.32
5.68
5.39
32
25 69 63
304
10 22
8.8
48
94
9
39
8.2
Arkansas
41
1 11.34
7.00
8.55
44
25 26
53
624
17
43
6.3
25 68
10
30
California
6.1
1
NA
NA.
11.28
70 53
17
152
10 12
24 68
6.5 33
21
8.4
,
22
Colorado
.
,
NA.
.1
8.73
47
13.1,1
26 64
555
14
47 19
5
7,2
27
20
3
12
7.1
Connecticut
;
1
7.79 11.24
6.59
73 58
30
, 729
6 13
21
26 59
39
8 .;
7.5
8.4
29
Delaware
1208
NA.
8.44
-1,529
50
.
24
39 60 50
14
47 316
16.2
78
13.4
11
District of Columbia
51
1
9.71
6.15 6.89
63
24
;
56
804 ...
30
12 24
62 40
7.5
13
30
7.7
44
Florida
NA.
10.11
53
22 5.81
20
27 67
48 366
75
10
33
13
9.4
8.8
43
Georgia
211
NA
-,10.85
7.36
58
102-
17
64
28
15
j
23
Nowa
5.8,
-39
7.0
4
1
9.43
6.48
6.17
56
66
27
258
9 18
76
10 18
27
20
5.9 6.1 35
Idaho
1
;
7.55
9.50
74 49
11.11
20
9.4, 30
38 752 27
-
9
7.9 17
38
61
9
Illinois
5.69 9.95
23_
59
24 6.81
496
69
8.4
14
63
35
33
6
Indiana 7.5
24
;
1.80
,
7.42
59
79
25 5.51
5 14 22
68 22 247
8.2
6.0
25
5
Iowa 10
;
;
9.85
6.23
5.54
73 55 23
308
6 15 24
7.0
27 30
6.4
13
7
61
Kansas
;
;
1
9.73
6.04
.12
23
24 6.81
26 66
588
74
7.6 '
39
51
40
13
29
Kentucky 7.6
.
.8.85
5.35 6.99
49
35
23
504
13 33
89 45
9.8
54
50
9.7
13
36
Louisiana
NA
'9.64
63
6.79
72 53 22
145
29
15 24
24 19
6 7 .t
Maine
6.1
5
=
6.94
8.04 12.20
25 53
732
68
17
8.9 80
16
32
Maryland
9 8
27
8.5
32
'
.
;
45 8.33 NA.
12.19
16 26 65
22 565
5.2
35
7
11
6.3 i 7
18
Massachusetts
11
1
,
. 8
7.83 11.50
47
6.85
64
20
390 18
65 30
28
27
8.3
8 .
7.7
27
Michigan
;
I
=
-379
7.52
9.07
11.24
77 57
48 .
24 19
19 14
23
7 6
5.9
Minnesota
9
6.7.
;
< l
6.36 8.42
5.37
32 68
10 64 35
279 33
10.5
98
58
=
42
9.8
49
11
Mississippi
,
NA.
5.94
70 59 25 10.10
503
18 25
33
7.4
9
12
7.6
29
Missouri
'
81
31
9.03
5.43
72 52
6.61
27
23
184
19
82 23
7.0
6
34
5.8
Montana
16
6.38 9.16
5.47
58 23
19 75
150
56
7.4 5 13
23 22
6.3 7
Nebraska
4
.
5.97
10.56
60
22
7.11
44 384
14 64
12 26
5.7 82
14
7
34 7.4
31
Nevada
55
6.90
11.12
118
9.08
23 74 50
49
10 15
15
6 5
New Hampshire
5.5
21
,
1
12.55
7.62
8.88
39,
23 48
696 .+
14 59
6.6
24
.14
7.6 6 6
11
25
New Jersey
j
I
1
1 ;9.33
45
5.47 7.98
30 30
6.2.
26
405,
12 13
46 7.5
32 49
61
91
New Mexico
1
I
T1.68
1,00-61
6.73
-10
9.46
. 41
50 15
25
45
31,
36 7.7
28
7.6
26
New York 9
'
'
62
92
6.07
20
432 7.01
9.81
27,
80 42
72 26
29 12
39
8.7
9
North Carolina
..
:
.
7.36 8.68
5.61
83 62
7.2 46
4 4 18 26
102
5.3
13
39
North Dakota
18
3
.
!
.;
.,
' 10.52
6.19 7.75
63 47
413
18
.50
28 8.7
33 9 26
7.6
19
27
8
Ohio
'
;
'.,761
'
'25
5.60
7.03 8.98
. 9 .
29
343
24
64 54
39 9
33 7.0 8.3
37
:
Oklahoma
.
'
i
55
NA.
6.95
10.35
343
24
25 53
23 75 30
10 67
16
27
11
.
Oregon
6..1
:
1
; ''
603
23 `
,..10.86
74
NA.
43
790
26.
14
7.8
24
26 9
17
61
50
Pennsylvania 9
!
_52
.489
8.60
6.73
28
10.61
67 17
7.2
17
33 27 10 8
6.8
18 20
Rhode Island
i
.
"
5.46 6.42 9.42
30
406
43
26 54 26
12 10
48 9.3 9.6
61
36
71
South Carolina
1..,
',
8.89
5.52
286
27
65
N.A.
23 65
9.5 79
5.6 9 21
17
21
South Dakota
15
.
I,
:
5.43
6.24
9.23
26
42 384 23 28 65 57
90 12
9.3
45
32
8.7
11
.
Tennessee
NA.
65
5.53
9.42
56
24
394 25 24
37
28 67 13 12 63
Texas
51
7.1
.
.631
6.43
5.73 9.96
43
310
17
25 14
5.4 30
66
10
8 7
6.3
Utah
'
7
.
,
: 7
9.55
10.24
6.82
581
53
23
75
18
13
'26
24
5.4 6.0
7
Vermont
11
...
110.16
5.92 7.88
25 .
20
57
60 257 ..
7.8
7.7
25 7
71
Virginia 14
19
9 ,.
31
'
.
.521
6.78 .,
7.93
25'
;
11.22
418
.
28
52
17
16 68
25
5.5 5.9
17
9
Washington
,
.11
1
.351
,9.22
5.66 7.86
24.
40
.15..
30
17
30 66 49
77
28
7.9 7.9
10
West Virginia
;
,
6.69
7.40
10.56
7.3
58
78
410
22
21
6.0
53 23 5 14
6 25
4
Wisconsin
.
.
9.32
5.60
5.29
23
58
92 24 73
132
Wyoming
25 8 9 13
7.7
28
7.4
'
21
N.A.= NOE available.
Note: All data are for 1995, unless otherwise indicated.
BEST COPY AVM BLE
1 0