ERIC ED351387: Cultural Competence for Evaluators: A Guide for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention Practitioners Working with Ethnic/Racial Communities. OSAP Cultural Competence Series 1.

307 Pages·1992·5 MB·English

by  ERIC

DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 351 387
TM 019 223
AUTHOR
Orlandi, Mario A., Ed.; And Others
TITLE
Cultural Competence for Evaluators: A Guide for
Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention Pra...titioners
Working with Ethnic/Racial Communities. OSAP Cultural
Competence Series 1.
INSTITUTION
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
(DHHS/PHS), Rockville, MD. Office for Substance Abuse
Prevention.
REPORT NO
DHHS-(ADM)92-1884
PUB DATE
92
NOTE
307p.
AVAILABLE FROM
National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug
Information, P.O. Box 2345, Rockville, MD 20847-2345
(free; Stock Number BKD79).
PUB TYPE
Guides
Non-Classroom Use (055)
Reports
Evaluative /Feasibility (142)
EDRS PRICE
MFO1 /PC13 Plus Postage.
DESCRIPTORS
Alaska Natives; *Alcohol Abuse; American Indians;
Asian Americans; Community Programs; Cross Cultural
Studies; Cultural Awareness; *Drug Abuse; *Ethnic
Groups; *Evaluators; Guides; Hispanic Americans;
Minority Groups; Pacific Americans; *Prevention;
*Program Evaluation; Racial Differences; Social
Workers
IDENTIFIERS
African Americans; *Cultural Competence
ABSTRACT
As an introduction to a series on the array of issues
in the implementation and evaluation of substance abuse prevention
programs, this volume attempts to integrate two types of competence
for alcohol and other drug abuse prevention program practitioners:
program evaluation competence and cultural competence. The chapters
in this document provide conceptual frameworks and practical
suggestions for evaluators working with various ethnic groups. The
chapter titles and authors are:
(1) "The Challenge of Evaluating
Community-Based Prevention Programs: A Cross-Cultural Perspective"
(M. A. Orlandi);
(2) "Of Kindred Minds: The Ties that Bind" (J. P.
Butler);
(3) "Practical Considerations for Program Professionals and
Evaluators Working with African-American Communities" (C. A. Grace);
(4) "A Culturally Sensitive Model for Evaluating Alcohol and Other
Drug Abuse Prevention Programs: A Hispanic Perspective" (J. M.
Casas); (5) "Hispanics: What the Culturally Informed Evaluator Needs
To Know" (A. M. Padilla and V. N. Salgado de Snyder); (6) "American
Indians and Alaska Natives: Changing Societies Past and Present" (C.
M. Fleming); (7) "The Role of the Researcher in Evaluating American
Indian Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Prevention Programs" (F. Beauvais
and J. E. Trimble);
(8) "Cultural Competence for Evaluators Working
with Asian-American Communities: Some Practical Considerations" (S.
H. McLeod, and C. Shantzis);
Kim, J.
(9) "Cultural Competence for
Evaluators Working with Asian/Pacific Island-American Communities:
Some Common Themes and Important Implications" (S. Yen); and (10)
"Defining Cultural Competence: An Organizing Framework" (M. A.
Orlandi). (SLD)
Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
CC:
OSAP Cultural Competence Series
)rug-Free Communities by the Year 2000
Cultural
'Ibt:470111,Mil
Competence
for Evaluators
A Guide for Alcohol and
Other Drug Abuse Prevention
Practitioners Working With
Ethnic/Racial Communities
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of Educational Research and Improvement
EOUCvtaTIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
ms document has been rePtOduCad as
received from the person or organashon
ongmating
0 !Amor changes have been mad* to improve
reprocluchon Quality
PoInts of tn.* Or OptinOnS Stated in this docu-
ment do not neCeSSanly represent oftiCilit
OERt positron or policy
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
OSAP Cultural Competence Series I
Cultural
Competence
for Evaluators
A Guide for Alcohol and
Other Drug Abuse Prevention
Practitioners Working With
Ethnic/Racial Communities
Editor:
Mario A. Orlandi, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Chief, Division of Health Promotion Research
American Health Foundation
Associate Editors:
Raymond Weston, Ph.D
Research Scientist, Division of Health Promotion Research
American Health Foundation
Leonard G. Epstein, M.S.W.
Division of Community Prevention and Training
Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Public Health Service
Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
Division of Community Prevention and Training
5600 Fishers Lane, Rockwall II
Rockville, Maryland 20857
The primary objective of the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
(OSAP) Cultural Competence Series is to promote the development and
dissemination of a scientific knowledge base that assists prevention
program evaluators and practitioners in working with multicultural
communities.
OSAP supports the rigorous evaluation of demonstration
programs designed to promote health and prevent alcohol and other
drug (AOD) problems for all people. All positions taken on specific
approaches to evaluating AOD abuse prevention programs are posi-
tions of the communities, prevention experts, and authors who con-
tributed to this monograph and may not necessarily reflect the
opinions, official policy, or position of OSAP; the Alcohol, Drug Abuse,
and Mental Health Administration; the Public Health Service; or the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Other groups that
developed and/or implemented specific methods for evaluating AOD
abuse prevention programs are documented in the text of this
monograph.
All material in this volume, except quoted passages from
copyrighted sources, is in the public domain and may be used or
reproduced without permission from OSAP or the authors. Citation of
the source is appreciated.
Library of Congress: 92-60067
DHHS Publication No. (ADM)92-1884
Printed 1992
OSAP Production and Editing Officer: Timothy F. Campbell
Prcject Officer:
Leonard G. Epstein, M.S.W.
OSAP Cultural Competence Series
Elaine M. Joh', .11, Ph.D.
Director, OSAP
Ruth Sanchez-Way, Ph.D
Director
Division of Community Prevention and Training, OSAP
Robert W. Denniston
Director, Division of Communication Programs, OSAP
4
Foreword
With Cultural Competence for Evaluators: A Guide for Alcohol and
Other Drug Abuse Prevention Practitioners Working With Ethnic/Ra-
cial Communities, the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
(OSAP) introduces the first in a groundbreaking series of cultural
competence publications. This volume examines the issue of
cultural competence for program evaluators as it relates to
African-American, Hispanic, American-Indian, Alaska-Native,
and Asian/Pacific Islander-American community groups.
OSAP's Cultural Competence Series is designed to advance
scientific study and evaluation of community alcohol and other
drug (AOD) abuse prevention approaches within the multicul-
tural context of the United States. Each of our multicultural
communities offers a rich and diverse ethnic heritage that, if fully
explored and understood, will play an important role in the
development of AOD prevention programs that focus on
strengthening cultural resiliency and protective factors.
Cultural Competence for Evaluators will increase under-
standing of America's diverse ethnic heritage, both its risk factors
and the cultural factors that contribute to cultural resiliency. In
doing so, it will enhance the knowledge and skills of AOD
prevention program evaluators working with ethnic/racial com-
munities.
The Cultural Competence Series provides OSAP with a great
opportunity to formulate effective strategies for AOD profes-
sionals working in multicultural settings. This unprecedented
volume will establish a framework for celebrating the diversity
of our United States and the unity within that diversity. We hope
that the knowledge contained in this monograph will stimulate
new ideas and further prevention efforts among all Americans.
Elaine M. Johnson, Ph.D., Director
Office for Substance Abuse Prevention
t
J
iii
Dedication
To the
Unity
hidden
in diversity.
6
Glossary of Key Terms
Culture: The shared values, norms, traditions, customs, arts, his-
tory, folklore, and institutions of a group of people.
Cultural Competence: A set of academic and interpersonal skills
that allow individuals to increase their understanding and apprecia-
tion of cultural differences and similarities within, among, and be-
tween groups. This requires a willingness and ability to draw on
community-based values, traditions, and customs and to work with
knowledgeable persons of and from the community in developing
focused interventions, communications, and other supports.
Cultural Diversity: Differences in race, ethnicity, language,
nationality, or religion among various groups within a community,
organization, or nation. A city is said to be culturally diverse if its
residents include members of different groups.
Cultural Sensitivity: An awareness of the nuances of one's
own
and other cultures.
Culturally Appropriate: Demonstrating both sensitivity to cul-
tural differences and similarities and effectiveness in using cultural
symbols to communicate a message.
Ethnic: Belonging to a common groupoften linked by race,
nationality, and languagewith a common cultural heritage and/or
derivation.
Language: The form or pattern of speechspoken or written
used by residents or descendants of a particular nation or geographic
area or by any large body of people. Language can be formal or infor-
mal and includes dialect, idiomatic speech, and slang.
Mainstream: A term that is often used to describe the "general
market," usually refers to a broad population that is primarily White
and middle class.
Multicultural: Designed for or pertaining to two or more distinc-
tive cultures.
Nationality: The country where a person lives and/or
one that
he or she identifies as a homeland.
Race: A socially defined population that is derived from distin-
guishable physical characteristics that are genetically transmitted.
Religion: A system of worship, traditions, and belief in
a higher
power or powersoften called Godthat has evolved over time,
linking people together in a commonality of reverence and devotion.
vi
7
Contents
Foreword
iii
Glossary of Key Terms
vi
1. The Challenge of Evaluating Community-Based
Prevention Programs: A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Mario A. Orlandi
1
2. Of Kindred Minds: The Ties That Bind
Jacqueline P. Butler
23
3. Practical Considerations for Program Professionals
and Evaluators Working With African-
American Communities
Cynthia A. Grace
55
4. A Culturally Sensitive Model for Evaluating Alcohol
and Other Drug Abuse Prevention Programs:
A Hispanic Perspective
J. Manuel Casas
75
5. Hispanics: What the Culturally Informed Evaluator
Needs To Know
Amado M. Padilla and V. Nelly Salgado de Snyder
117
6. American Indians and Alaska Natives:
Changing Societies Past and Present
Candace M. Fleming
147
7. The Role of the Researcher in Evaluating
American-Indian Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse
Prevention Programs
Fred Beauvais and Joseph E. Trimble
173
8. Cultural Competence for Evaluators Working With
Asian-American Communities: Some
Practical Considerations
Sehwan Kim, Jonnie H. McLeod, and Carl Shantzis
203
9. Cultural Competence for Evaluators Working With
Asian /Pacific Island-American Communities: Some
Common Themes and Important Implications
Sherman Yen
261
vi'
10. Defining Cultural Competence:
An Organizing Framework
Mario A. Or landi
293
9
vi"
1
The Challenge of Evaluating
Community-Based
Prevention Programs:
A Cross-Cultural Perspective
Mario A. Orlandi, Ph.D., M.P.H.
Introduction
This volume represents the first in a series of publications spon-
sored by the Division of Community Prevention and Training of
the Office for Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP). The series
seeks to analyze and synthesize the complex array of issues that
arise when alcohol and other drug (AOD) abuse prevention
programs are implemented and evaluated in settings that are
ethnically and racially diverse.
As an introduction to the series as a whole, this first volume
has as its goal the functional integration of two types of com-
petence for AOD abuse prevention program practitioners: pro-
gram evaluation competence and cultural competence. Its main
objective is to enhance the knowledge base and skills of profes-
sionals who are responsible for evaluating AOD abuse preven-
tion programs in ethnic/racial community settings. The authors
worked together to develop complementary chapters that pro-
vide conceptual frameworks and practical suggestions for
evaluators working with African-American, 1-tisknic,
I 0