Table Of ContentErgonomics and Human Factors M
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ERGONOMICS u
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Foundational Principles, s
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Applications, and Technologies
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A complete introduction to the field, Ergonomics: Foundational Principles, d
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Applications, and Technologies discusses scientific principles, research, a
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applications, and emerging trends in technology. The text covers basic ergonomic i
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principles from research and application perspectives. It includes hands-on n
laboratory activities to complement classroom instruction and cases studies that a
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demonstrate application of ergonomic knowledge. Using an approach that
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highlights the physical over the cognitive, the author focuses less on kinesiology r
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principles and more on applied kinesiology in ergonomics. n
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• Provides a basic explanation of the systems of the body to establish a pM
foundation for understanding and consistently applying ergonomic le
principles s
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• Covers the human senses and the sensory process for each, including AC
tools and techniques for assessing sensory impact p
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• Explains the functionality, relationship, and elements of the integrated
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roles of the muscular system and nervous system c
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• Introduces the study of anthropometrics and the principles that can t
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be used to support anthropometric design, including data collection, o
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calculation of statistics, and identification of appropriate data sources
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• Examines the basic ergonomic principles of work place design and ,
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evaluation of hand tools
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• Discusses the origin, nature, and impact of work-related musculoskeletal d
disorders (WMSDs) in the global community
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• Includes coverage of the concepts of information processing,
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measurement of mental workload, and an introduction to ergonomic h
design of controls and displays n
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The text builds the foundation students and professionals need to understand l
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and improve the environments, equipment, and systems with which humans g
interact in the workplace, recreational environment, and home. i
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K10245
ISBN: 978-1-4398-0445-2
90000
9 781439 804452
K10245_COVER_final.indd 1 11/10/11 8:50 AM
ERGONOMICS
Foundational Principles,
Applications, and Technologies
Ergonomics Design and Management:
Theory and Applications
Series Editor
Waldemar Karwowski
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
University of Central Florida (UCF) – Orlando, Florida
Published Titles
Ergonomics: Foundational Principles, Applications, and Technologies
Pamela McCauley Bush
Aircraft Interior Comfort and Design
Peter Vink and Klaus Brauer
Ergonomics and Psychology: Developments in Theory and Practice
Olexiy Ya Chebykin, Gregory Z. Bedny, and Waldemar Karwowski
Ergonomics in Developing Regions: Needs and Applications
Patricia A. Scott
Handbook of Human Factors in Consumer Product Design, 2 vol. set
Waldemar Karwowski, Marcelo M. Soares, and Neville A. Stanton
Volume I: Methods and Techniques
Volume II: Uses and Applications
Human–Computer Interaction and Operators’ Performance: Optimizing Work
Design with Activity Theory
Gregory Z. Bedny and Waldemar Karwowski
Trust Management in Virtual Organizations: A Human Factors Perspective
Wiesław M. Grudzewski, Irena K. Hejduk, Anna Sankowska, and Monika Wan´tuchowicz
Forthcoming Titles
Knowledge Service Engineering Handbook
Jussi Kantola and Waldemar Karwowski
Manual Lifting: A Guide to the Study of Simple and Complex Lifting Tasks
Daniela Colombiani, Enrico Ochipinti, Enrique Alvarez-Casado, and Thomas R. Waters
Neuroadaptive Systems: Theory and Applications
Magalena Fafrowicz, Tadeusz Marek, Waldemar Karwowski, and Dylan Schmorrow
Organizational Resource Management: Theories, Methodologies, and Applications
Jussi Kantola
ERGONOMICS
Foundational Principles,
Applications, and Technologies
Pamela McCauley Bush, PhD,CPE
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2012 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20111026
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-9783-6 (eBook - PDF)
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This book is dedicated to my parents, Maurice Sr. and LaFrance
McCauley. Daddy, thank you for making me take Algebra in
the 7th grade, which began my love for math, science, and
ultimately engineering. Mom, thanks for your eternal faith
in me, constant encouragement, and steadfast optimism.
Contents
Preface....................................................................................................................xvii
Acknowledgments....................................................................................................xix
Author......................................................................................................................xxi
Chapter 1 Foundational.Ergonomics.....................................................................1
1.1. Learning.Goals...........................................................................1
1.2. Key.Topics..................................................................................1
1.3. Introduction.and.Background.....................................................1
1.4. Ergonomics.Defined...................................................................2
1.4.1. Human.Factors.and.Ergonomics.Society......................2
1.4.2. Dictionary.of.Human.Factors.and.Ergonomics.............2
1.4.3. National.Aeronautics.and.Space.Administration..........3
1.4.4. CETENA.(The.Italian.Ship.Research.Company).........3
1.4.5. Ergonomics.and.Safety..................................................3
1.4.6. Ergonomics.Domains....................................................3
1.4.7. Interdisciplinary.Nature.of.Ergonomics........................4
1.4.8. Classification.of.Ergonomic.Problems..........................5
1.4.9. History.of.the.Field.......................................................7
1.4.10. Federal.Agencies.and.Ergonomics................................8
1.4.11. Ergonomics.and.Human.Factors.Professional.
Organizations..............................................................10
1.4.12. Legislative.and.Regulatory.Issues.Impacting.
Ergonomics..................................................................11
1.4.12.1. OSHA..........................................................12
1.4.12.2. OSHA.Standards.........................................13
1.4.12.3. National.Institute.for.Occupational.
Safety.and.Health.(NIOSH).........................13
1.4.12.4. Mine.Safety.and.Health.Administration.....15
1.4.12.5. Nuclear.Regulatory.Commission.................15
1.4.12.6. Department.of.Defense.Military.
Standard.(MIL-STD).1472,.1999.(F)..........16
1.4.12.7. ISO9000.Series............................................16
1.4.13. Human-Centered.and.Human-Integrated.Design.......17
1.4.14. Cost.Justification.for.Ergonomic.Program..................18
1.4.15. Role.of.the.Ergonomist................................................20
1.5. Summary..................................................................................21
Exercises..............................................................................................24
References...........................................................................................25
Listing.of.Ergonomic.Resources.........................................................26
vii
viii Contents
Ergonomics.and.Related.Associations................................................26
Additional.Societies.and.Professional.Organizations.........................28
Government.Organizations.................................................................28
Standards.............................................................................................29
Chapter 2 Systems.of.the.Human.Body...............................................................31
2.1. Learning.Goals.........................................................................31
2.2. Key.Topics................................................................................31
2.3. Introduction.and.Background...................................................31
2.4. Systems.of.the.Body.................................................................32
2.4.1. Circulatory.System......................................................32
2.4.1.1. Heart............................................................32
2.4.1.2. Arteries........................................................33
2.4.1.3. Arterioles.....................................................33
2.4.1.4. Capillaries....................................................34
2.4.1.5. Veins............................................................34
2.4.2. Respiratory.System.....................................................36
2.4.3. Skeletal.System...........................................................37
2.4.3.1. Function.of.the.Bones..................................39
2.4.3.2. Bone.Failure.................................................41
2.4.3.3. Vertebral.Column........................................42
2.4.3.4. Connective.Tissue........................................43
2.4.3.5. Joints............................................................44
2.4.4. Muscular.System.........................................................47
2.4.4.1. Skeletal.Muscle............................................47
2.4.4.2. Cardiac.Muscle............................................47
2.4.4.3. Smooth.Muscle............................................47
2.4.5. Nervous.System...........................................................48
2.4.5.1. Central.Nervous.System..............................48
2.4.5.2. Peripheral.Nervous.System..........................48
2.4.6. Integumentary.(Skin).System......................................51
2.4.6.1. Skin..............................................................51
2.4.6.2. Hair.and.Nails..............................................51
2.4.6.3. Glands..........................................................51
2.5. Summary..................................................................................51
Exercises..............................................................................................54
References...........................................................................................55
Chapter 3 Senses.of.the.Human.Body.and.Measurement.
of.Environmental.Factors....................................................................57
3.1. Learning.Goals.........................................................................57
3.2. Key.Topics................................................................................57
3.3. Introduction.and.Background...................................................57
