Table Of ContentSelf-Assessment Colour Review of
Equine Reproduction
and Stud Medicine
Jonathan F. Pycock
BVetMed, PhD, DESM, MRCVS
University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Manson Publishing/The Veterinary Press
Copyright © 1997 Manson Publishing Ltd
ISBN: 1-874545-44-8
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Foreword
Although you might assume from the title that this is simply a self-quiz
book, upon reading it you will find it to be much more. This is not a book
that will be read once in preparation for examinations and then put on the
shelf. With the inclusion of a broad classification of cases (page 7) and an
index (page 201), this text becomes an excellent reference source.
The text includes over 200 challenging questions written by an inter-
nationally renowned group of experts in their respective fields. The ques-
tions are clinically oriented and cover a broad range of important subjects.
The accompanying photographs are of excellent quality, clearly showing the
problem being addressed, and make this book an invaluable source of
information for students and teachers alike.
The layout of the book is very user friendly. The answers are found on the
page following the question, which removes the frustration of having to
search elsewhere in the book to find the answer. Randomisation of the
topics makes the book interesting to read and stimulating. The format lends
itself to reading at an extended sitting or in small bites.
The coverage is up to date and uses material from recent publications.
The answers are clear and concise, and deal with practical aspects of
diagnosis and treatment. The editor, himself a well-known authority in the
field, has taken care to provide a well-balanced text covering all areas of
stud medicine, without overemphasising any particular aspect. The cases
chosen do not focus on topics unique to any one geographical area – they
cover problems confronting veterinary practitioners everywhere and so are
applicable world wide.
This informative text will be a welcome addition to the equine practi-
tioner’s library and will also prove invaluable to anyone preparing for
speciality examinations and for veterinary students with an interest in equine
theriogenology and perinatology.
Dale L. Paccamonti
DVM, MS, Diplomate ACT
Louisiana State University,
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
3
Preface
Recent developments in equine reproduction have meant that extra informa-
tion needs to be assimilated by practising and student veterinarians and
breeders. Whilst there are many excellent texts that provide detailed
information on the subject, the aim of this project was to provide a series of
case scenarios any of which could face us in our daily work: the mare that
will not become pregnant, the foal that is sick or the stallion whose semen
needs to be evaluated. The information given in the answer is sufficient that
the book should not only be helpful to practitioners, but also to veterinary
students preparing to graduate. These detailed answers should hopefully
ensure that the book can be returned to on several occasions and additional
information retained each time.
With the now almost routine use of ultrasound in mare gynaecology,
improved standards of foal care and the growing importance of artificial
insemination, it was imperative that a broad-spectrum of questions was
chosen. To ensure that all the important problems were covered, some
twenty-two contributing authors were selected from several countries. And
to make certain a practical approach was taken, the authors were all people
directly involved in the subject, facing essentially the same problems as could
be encountered by any one of us on any day.
Although seemingly fairly simple, the enormity of the task was far greater
than expected. Nevertheless, I hope and believe that what has finally been
achieved is an excellent selection of cases. This is due largely to the superb
standard of photographs, questions and answers from all the contributors.
Inevitably in a book of this nature the answers may not be universally
accepted as the only correct possibility: have you ever tried writing an
answer on how to approach and treat a case of retained placenta that would
please every veterinarian? Undaunted I offer up the questions for discussion,
debate and, hopefully, education.
There is nothing quite like the sight of a newborn foal and I hope this
book proves to be helpful to all of us fortunate to work with that most noble
of animals, the horse.
Jonathan F. Pycock
1997
4
Acknowledgements
I should like to thank all the contributors for submitting such a wide range of
practical and clinically important cases. The book could easily have been
twice the size, and the assembly of all the cases into the final end product
took far longer than anticipated, partly due to the huge volume of material.
Those mentioned below contributed photographs for use in the book:
Dr T.J. Divers, University of Cornell, USA
Dr D.C. Knottenbelt, University of Liverpool, UK
Dr H. van der Kolk, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
Dr J. Lofstedt, Atlantic Veterinary College, Canada
Dr P Taylor, University of Cambridge, UK
Dr P. Timoney, University of Kentucky, USA
Many colleagues in the Department of Herd Health and Reproduction at
the University of Utrecht provided support and encouragement, particularly
Bert van der Weijden and Herman Jonker. Arie Hofman and Wim Bes
provided excellent photographic and artwork skills respectively.
Finally, I should like to thank my wife, Gill, for her continued patience
and understanding and my daughter, Sara, for being here. I dedicate this
book to them both.
5
Contributors
Annalisa Barrelet, BVetMed, MS, Celia Marr,BVMS, MVM, PhD,
CertESM, MRCVS MRCVS
Rossdale & Partners, Newmarket, Valley Equine Hospital,
Suffolk, UK Lambourne, Berkshire, UK
Tim Brazil, BVSc, CertEM (Int. Med.), Graham Munroe,BVSc, PhD, DESM,
MRCVS CertEO, FRCVS
University of Liverpool, Neston, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
Merseyside, UK
John R. Newcombe,BVetMed, MRCVS
Ben Colenbrander, DVM, PhD Newcombe and East, Brownhills, West
University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Midlands, UK
The Netherlands
Joyce M. Parlevliet,DVM
Chrysann Collatos, VMD, PhD, Specialist in Equine Reproduction,
Diplomate ACVIM University of Utrecht, Utrecht,
High Desert Veterinary Service, Reno, The Netherlands
Nevada, USA
Reginald R. Pascoe, BVSc, MVSc, DVSc,
David Dugdale, MAVetMB, CertEP, FRCVS, FACVSc
CertESM, MRCVS Oakey Veterinary Hospital, Oakey,
Greenwood, Ellis & Partners, Queensland, Australia
Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
Jonathan F. Pycock,BVetMed, PhD,
David Ellis, BVetMed, DED, FRCVS DESM, MRCVS
Specialist in Equine Surgery, Greenwood, Specialist in Equine Reproduction,
Ellis & Partners, Newmarket, Suffolk, University of Utrecht, Utrecht,
UK The Netherlands
Gary C.W. England, BVetMed, PhD, Virginia B. Reef,DVM, Diplomate
CertVA, DVR, DVReprod., ACVIM (Int. Med.)
Diplomate ACT, FRCVS George D. Widener Hospital,
University of London, Hertfordshire, UK Pennsylvania, USA
G. Mark Johnston, MA, VetMB, MRCVS Marinus A. van der Velden,DVM, PhD
University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK University of Utrecht, Utrecht,
The Netherlands
F. Herman Jonker, DVM, PhD
Specialist in Equine Reproduction, Paul J. de Vries,DVM
University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Specialist in Equine Reproduction,
The Netherlands Vierhouten Equine Clinic, Heerde,
The Netherlands
Guy D. Lester, BVMS, PhD, Diplomate
ACVIM Gysbert C. van der Weijden,DVM, PhD
University of Florida, Gainesville, University of Utrecht, Utrecht,
Florida, USA The Netherlands
Deborah M. Lucas,BSc, MSc, CBiol, Katherine Whitwell,BVSc, FRCVS
MIBiol Specialist in Veterinary Pathology
Eastleigh, Hampshire, UK (Equine), Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
6
Broad classification of cases
Mare
Abortion: 10, 25, 32, 39, 126, 133, 192, 200, 217
Anatomy: 13, 14, 36, 46, 57, 64, 69, 83, 90, 92, 104, 116, 128, 157, 165, 175
Breeding management: 11, 26, 60, 99, 111, 118, 130, 134, 168, 190, 201
Internal medicine: 24, 44, 88, 138, 186, 191
Parturition: 17, 22, 52, 62, 67, 75, 94, 125, 129, 140, 145, 148, 163, 171, 179, 193,
205, 217
Pregnancy: 15, 76, 85, 141, 144, 151, 156, 194, 198, 199, 213
Surgery: 19, 41, 57, 62, 63, 85, 109, 149, 162, 180, 195
Ultrasonography: 2, 12, 20, 27, 34, 41, 42, 47, 53, 55, 61, 65, 72, 77, 84, 91, 98,
105, 113, 120, 127, 135, 154, 160, 167, 174, 182, 189, 196, 203, 209
Foal
Internal medicine: 18, 31, 35, 38, 48, 51, 54, 66, 68, 73, 80, 81, 82, 93, 103, 115,
117, 132, 136, 146, 152, 153, 158, 170, 173, 176, 177, 178, 197, 210, 212, 215
Non-orthopaedic surgery: 1, 29, 71, 86, 121, 123, 206
Opthalmology: 5, 33, 101, 131, 155, 159, 164, 181, 183
Orthopaedics: 4, 6, 16, 21, 30, 58, 79, 89, 95, 96, 102, 114, 119, 124, 139, 143,
147, 166, 202, 211
Ultrasonography: 29, 56, 100, 107, 123, 169, 187, 204, 207, 214
Stallion
AI, semen collection/evaluation: 3, 37, 43, 50, 74, 78, 87, 97, 106, 150, 161, 184,
185, 188
Breeding management: 7, 8, 23, 108, 137
Surgery: 9, 28, 40, 49, 59, 110, 112, 122, 142, 172, 208
7
Abbreviations
AI artificial insemination
AV artificial vagina
CBC complete blood count
CEMO contagious equine metritis organism
CL corpus luteum
CSF cerebrospinal fluid
DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation
DOD developmental orthopaedic disease
DSO daily sperm output
eCG equine chorionic gonadotrophin
EIA equine infectious anaemia
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EHV equine herpes virus
EVA equine viral arteritis
GI gastrointestinal
GnRH gonadotrophin releasing hormone
GTCT granulosa-theca cell tumour
H&E haematoxylin and eosin
hCG human chorionic gonadotrophin
HIE hypoxic ischaemic encephalomyelopathy
IM intramuscular
IP immunoperoxidase
IU international units
IV intravenous
NI neonatal isoerythrolysis
NMS neonatal maladjustment syndrome
NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
PCV packed cell volume (haematocrit)
PDA patent ductus arteriosus
PMNs polymorphonuclear leucocytes
PPM posterior pupillary membrane
RBCs red blood cells
RM retained meconium
SCID severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome
TPR temperature, pulse and respiration
VSD ventricular septal defect
WBCs white blood cells
8
1, 2: Questions
1 A weanling foal is presented 1a
with a soft fluctuant swelling
on the cranio-lateral aspect of
the base of the right ear (1a)
This has been present since
birth.
i What is your diagnosis?
ii What is the treatment?
2a 2b
2 An oestrous mare was mated on three occasions at 2-day intervals early in the
breeding season. When teased 2 days after her last covering date, she appeared to be
no longer in oestrus. Fourteen days later she was presented for pregnancy diagnosis
and the results of ultrasound examination of the left ovary (the right ovary was
similar) and the uterus are shown (2a,b).
i What are the ultrasonographic features of the left ovary and the uterus?
ii If the mare was teased before examination for pregnancy, would you expect
oestrous signs?
iii How would you expect the cervix to feel on palpation?
iv What two possible series of events could have resulted in these findings?
v If the mare had been examined 3 days earlier and a similar picture found, what is a
possible explanation?
9
