Epidemiology of Drug Abuse

237 Pages·2005·1.31 MB·English

by  Zili Sloboda (auth.)

Epidemiology of Drug Abuse
Epidemiology of
Drug Abuse
Editedby
Zili Sloboda
InstituteforHealthandSocialPolicy
TheUniversityofAkron
Akron,OH,USA
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Epidemiologyofdrugabuse/editedbyZiliSloboda.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-387-24415-8
1.Drugabuse–Epidemiology.2.Drugabuse–Research–Methodology.I.Sloboda,Zili.
RC564.E652005
362.29–dc22
2005042754
ISBN-10:0-387-24415-8(Hardbound) ISBN0-387-24416-6(eBook) Printedonacid-freepaper.
ISBN-13:9780387244150
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Contributors
EdwardM.Adlaf, CentreforAddictionandMentalHealth,andDepartmentsof
Public Health Sciences and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
M.DouglasAnglin,UCLAIntegratedSubstanceAbusePrograms,LosAngeles,
California
Mary-LynnBrecht,UCLAIntegratedSubstanceAbusePrograms,LosAngeles,
California
JamesD.Colliver,DivisionofEpidemiology,ServicesandPreventionResearch,
NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,Bethesda,Maryland
KevinP.Conway,DivisionofEpidemiology,Services,andPreventionResearch,
NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,Bethesda,Maryland
DonC.DesJarlais, BethIsraelMedicalCenter,NewYorkCity,NewYork
Kirk W. Elifson, Georgia State University, Department of Sociology, Atlanta,
Georgia
Samuel R. Friedman, National Development and Research Institutes (NDRI),
NewYorkCity,NewYork
Craig Fry, Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Center, Melbourne, Australia and
DepartmentofPublicHealth,UniversityofMelbourne,Melbourne,Australia
MeyerD.Glantz, DivisionofEpidemiology,Services,andPreventionResearch,
NationalInstituteonDrugAbuse,Bethesda,Maryland
Paul Griffiths, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction,
Lisbon,Portugal
v
vi Contributors
HollyHagan, NationalDevelopmentandResearchInstitutes(NDRI),NewYork
City,NewYork
WayneHall, Director,OfficeofPublicPolicyandethics,InstituteforMolecular
Bioscience,UniversityofQueensland,Queensland,Australia
Matthew Hickman, Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour
(CRDHB), Division of Primary Care and Population Health Sciences, Imperial
College,London,GreatBritain
Yih-Ing Hser, UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Los Angeles,
California
RobertL.Hubbard, CenterforCommunity-BasedStudies,NationalDevelop-
mentandResearchInstitutes,Raleigh,NorthCarolina
NicholasJ.Kozel, Consultant,Bangkok,Thailand
ThomasLocke, UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,California
DouglasLongshore,UCLAIntegratedSubstanceAbusePrograms,LosAngeles,
California
Rebecca McKetin, National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of
NewSouthWalesSydney,NewSouthWales,Australia
Michael D. Newcomb, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern
California,LosAngeles,California
Jody A. Resko, Dept. of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein
CollegeofMedicine,Bronx,NewYork
ClaireE.Sterk, EmoryUniversity,RollinsSchoolofPublicHealth,Department
ofBehavioralSciencesandHealthEducation,Atlanta,Georgia
Zili Sloboda, Institute for Health and Social Policy, The University of Akron,
Akron,Ohio
ColinTaylor, EuropeanMonitoringCentreonDrugsandDrugAddiction,Lisbon,
Portugal
CarmellaWalker, Dept.ofEpidemiologyandPopulationHealth,AlbertEinstein
CollegeofMedicine,Bronx,NewYork
ThomasA.Wills, Dept.ofEpidemiologyandPopulationHealth,AlbertEinstein
CollegeofMedicine,Bronx,NewYork
Preface
Thefieldofdrugabuseepidemiologyisemergentanditsdevelopmenthasbeen
influenced greatly by the stigma attached to the phenomenon of study. Affected
populationsareoften“hidden”andstudiesofthesegroupswarrantnon-traditional
epidemiological approaches. For this reason, several unique methods have been
developed and tested for sampling, for estimating prevalence, and for studies of
general and special populations. A review of available books that include drug
abuseepidemiologyhasrevealedalimitedperspectivethatfocusesonfindingsof
specialstudiesoronsomeofthesequelaeofdrugabusesuchasHIVandAIDS.The
intentforthisbookistoprovideeducators,researchersandthelaypublicageneral
overviewofthecurrentknowledgewithinthefieldofdrugabuseepidemiology.It
canserveasasupplementtoothercourseofferingsinepidemiology,publichealth,
health education or drug abuse. But it also can serve as a general reference for
thosewithaninterestinlearningmoreaboutthefieldofdrugabuseepidemiology.
Thestructureofthebookdoesnotfollowtheusualformatofotherepidemi-
ologictexts.Thereasoningunderlyingthestructureisthedualintentofthebook
both as a course text as well as a reference. It covers four major aspects of the
field.Thefirstrelatestothenaturalhistoryofdrugabusingbehaviorsandincludes
adescriptionofthephenomenon,currentthinkingaboutoriginsandpathwaysas
wellasetiologyofdruguseandabuse,thenaturalhistoryofdrugabuse,andthe
health,socialandpsychologicalconsequencesofdruguseandabuse.Thesecond
sectionpresentscurrentmethodologiesusedtoassessdrugabusewithinvarious
populationsincludingtheuseofarchivaldata,samplingmethodologies,surveys
ofgeneralandspecialpopulations,indirectmethodstoestimateprevalence,quali-
tativetechniquesappliedtodrugabuseepidemiology,andtheethicsforepidemio-
logicresearch.Thethirdsectionincludesdescriptivepaperssummarizingspecific
studiesfromtheUnitedStatesandelsewherethatdemonstratetheapplicationof
thesemethodologies.Thelastsectiongivesanoverviewoftheimplicationsofthe
epidemiologyofdrugabuseforthepreventionandtreatmentinterventions.
vii
Contents
A. NaturalHistoryofDrugAbusingBehaviors
1. DefiningandMeasuringDrugAbusingBehaviors:
Zili Sloboda 3
2. DrugAbuseHeterogeneityandtheSearchforSubtypes:
MeyerD.Glantz,KevinP.ConwayandJamesD.Colliver 15
3. StudyingtheNaturalHistoryofDrugUse:Yih-IngHser,
DouglasLongshore,Mary-LynnBrechtandM.Douglas
Anglin 29
4. Health,SocialandPsychologicalConsequencesofDrugUse
andAbuse:MichaelD.NewcombandThomasLocke 45
B. EpidemiologicalMethods
5. UseofArchivalData:ZiliSloboda,RebeccaMcKetinand
NicholasJ.Kozel 63
6. SamplingIssuesinDrugEpidemiology:ColinTaylorand
PaulGriffiths 79
7. CollectingDrugUseDatafromDifferentPopulations:
EdwardM.Adlaf 99
8. IndirectMethodstoEstimatePrevalence:MatthewHickman
andColinTaylor 113
9. QualitativeMethodsintheDrugAbuseField:ClaireE.Sterk
andKirkW.Elifson 133
ix
x Contents
10. EthicalConsiderationsforDrugAbuseEpidemiologic
Research:CraigL.FryandWayneHall 145
C. DescriptiveandAnalyticEpidemiologicStudies
11. ACommonLanguageforaCommonProblem:The
DevelopingRoleofDrugEpidemiologyinaGlobalContext:
PaulGriffithsandRebeccaMcKetin 161
12. LongitudinalStudiesofDrugUseandAbuse:ThomasA.
Wills,CarmellaWalkerandJodyA.Resko 177
13. DrugAbuseandtheSpreadofInfection:HIVandAIDSas
anExample:DonC.DesJarlais,HollyHaganandSamuelR.
Friedman 193
D. EpidemiologicInformationandDemandReduction
14. ImplicationsofEpidemiologicInformationforEffective
DrugAbusePreventionStrategies:ZiliSloboda 211
15. TheRoleofTreatmentDatainStudyingtheEpidemiologyof
SubstanceUseandAbuse:RobertL.Hubbard 225
Index 235
A
Natural History of Drug
Abusing Behaviors