(EPHA) EPHA Sponsored Master's Theses Extracts on HIV/AIDS Extract N0.15

169 Pages·2011·0.9 MB·English

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Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA)

EPHA Sponsored Master’s Theses Extracts on

HIV/AIDS

Extract N0.15

September, 2011

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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EPHA Sponsored Master’s Theses Extracts on HIV/AIDS
Extract N0.15

September, 2011
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

This publication is sponsored by the US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC), in accordance to the EPHA-CDC
Cooperative Agreement N0.1U2GPS001229

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Editors:

Mihret Teclemariam
Zewdie Teferra
Berhanu Legesse
Tesfa Demelew

Guest Editor:
Fasil Tessema

Contact Address:
Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA)
EPHA- CDC Project
Tel: [phone]
251 114 16-60-83
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web site : www.etpha.org
P O Box: 7117
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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Table of Contents

Acknowledgment…………………………………………………………………….5
Acronyms…………………………………………………………………………………6
Message from the EPHA President………………………………………….8
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………
The response of out of School Youth to HIV Prevention Message
Based on the Extended Parallel Process Model: a Cross Sectional
Study in Hawassa Town, SNNPRs, Ethiopia……………………………10
Infection Prevention Program Implementation Level in Negele-
Borena and Bulu-Hora Hospitals in southern part of Oromia
National Regional State, Ethiopia……………………………………………38
Communication of School Youth with Their Parents on Sexual and
Reproductive Health Issues and Influencing Factors in Bahir Dar
Special Zone, Amhara National Regional State ……………………58
Psychological Disaster and Its Predictors in Non-AIDS Orphan
Adolescents of Addis Ababa City ……………………………………………74
Awareness, Attitude and Willingness to Use Female Condom
among College Female Students in Harar Town, Harari Regional
State, Eastern Ethiopia……………………………………………………………95
Substance Use, Sexual Orientation and Sexual Behavior Risky for
HIV Infection among Bahir Dar University Students, Northern West
Ethiopia……………………………………………………………………………112
HIV Positive Women’s Intention to have Pregnancy; Using the
Theory of Planned Behavior: The Case of Assela Referral Hospital,
2010 ………………………………………………………………………………………….137

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Acknowledgement

The Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA) is greatly indebted
to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for
both technical and financial supports provide to undertake the
Master’s Theses study and publish the 15th Extract.

EPHA is also grateful to the College of Public Health and Medical
Sciences of Jimma University and Oromia National Regional State
for their unreserved supports throughout the execution of the
studies.
Likewise, EPHA extends its sincere thanks to all professionals and
organizations for providing the necessary inputs, devoting; time,
expertise and facilities to make it possible to successfully
accomplish the studies.

Finally, EPHA would like to express its gratitude to the data
collectors, supervisors, principal investigators and advisors from
universities, who have participated in these studies.

Hailegnaw Eshete
Executive Director, EPHA

Disclaimer:
This publication is sponsored by the US Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC) in accordance with the EPHA-CDC
Cooperative Agreement No. 1U2GPS001229-02. The contents of
this document are solely the responsibility of the authors, and do
not necessarily represent the official views of CDC.
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Acronyms

AAC Anti-AIDS Clubs
ABC Abstinence, Be faithful and Condom use
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AOR Adjusted Odds Ratio
ART Antiretroviral Therapy
BCC Behavior Change Communication
BSS Behavioral Surveillance Survey
CDC Center for Disease Control and prevention
COR Crude Odds Ratio
DPCD Disease Prevention and Control Department
ECA Economic Commission of Africa
EDHS Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey
EMSAP Ethiopian Multi-Sectoral HIV/AIDS Prevention and
Control Project
EPHA Ethiopian Public Health Association
EPPM Extended Parallel Process Model
FCs: Female Condoms
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
FGAE: Family Guidance Association of Ethiopia
FGD Focus Group Discussion
FP Family Planning
HAART Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
HAD Hospital Anxiety Depression
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
ICPD International Conference on Population and
Development
IEC Information Communication and Education
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KAP Knowledge, Attitude and Practice
MOH Ministry of Health
MSPSS Multidimensional Scale of Perceive Social Support
NGO Non- Governmental Organizations
NVP Neverapin
OR Odds Ratio
OSY Out of school youth
PBC Perceived Behavioral Control
PLWHA People Living With HIV/ADIS
PMTCT Prevention of Mother To Child Transmission
RH Reproductive Health
SD Standard Deviation
SPSS Statistical Package for Social science Studies
STI Sexually Transmitted Infections
STD Sexually Transmitted Diseases
TPB Theory of Planned Behavior
TRA Theory of Reasoned Action
UN United Nation
UNAIDS Joint United Nations program on HIV/AIDS
UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund
US United States
VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing
WHO World Health Organization

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Message from the EPHA President

Combating HIV/AIDS and other diseases is obviously one of the
UN Millennium Development Goals to be reached by the year
2015. As a result, large amounts of money have been and
continue to be poured into programs that educate people on how
they can protect themselves against HIV infection. The media,
researchers, development agents, the government and all the
concerned bodies have been at the forefront, creating evidence
based information, documentaries, talk shows and advertising
campaigns geared toward encouraging those at risk to alter their
behavior and adopt safer sexual practices.

Some of the campaigns push the message to wider condom use,
get tested and abstain. However, while education is vital, no
education campaign is useful unless it obtains the desired effect of
altering the behavior of the target audience.

Majority of the studies compiled in this extract, are not only to
discover the effectiveness of HIV prevention means but a vital part
of it was to find out from the target audience, the youth, more
effective strategies at reaching them and bring about the required
behavior modification that lead to HIV infection and AIDS
prevention.

In view of facilitating the aforementioned concern and
documenting lessons learned from program implementations in
the fight against the epidemic, EPHA through the technical and
financial assistance of CDC-Ethiopia has continued to be engaged
in generating such evidence based information. More importantly,
findings of the operational researches are disseminated to a wider
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public health audience using the different publications of the
Association and in its webpage (www.ethpa.org).

This document is one of the publications released as the 15th
Master’s Thesis Extract from a series of publications on EPHA-CDC
project research awards implemented in areas of HIV/AIDS. In
this document, summary of findings incorporate issues such as
predictors of HIV risk prevention behaviors among youth,
psychological disaster and its predictors in non-AIDS orphan
adolescents, the relationship between substance use, sexual
orientation and risky sexual Behaviors and other related issues.

At this moment, I would like to thank and congratulate the
authors as well as all participants who engaged in the research
activities for their important contribution without which the
information for this extract could not be gained.

As a final point, I call upon all readers to use the findings and
recommendations of those studies exhaustively in the
implementation of programs which are aimed at curbing the
problem of HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia and beyond.

Dr. Wakgari Deressa
V/President, Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA)

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Introduction
The EPHA-CDC Project commenced generating strategic information through
MPH theses, since 2003. The major actors of the MPH Theses are the
postgraduates, their advisors, data collectors and their supervisors. The role of
EPHA is to sponsor and publish the Master’s theses summaries in the form of
such EXTRACTS, in collaboration with CDC. So far, we have disseminated 4000
copies each to the health professionals and health related organizations in all
over the country, publishing 14 Extracts in the form of booklets.
This is the 15th MPH theses Extract published encompassing summaries of
seven theses sponsored by the EPHA-CDC Project for their partial fulfillment of
(Masters of Public Health) MPH from the School of Public Health, Jimma
University.
The objective of the Extract publication was to provide evidence based
information to the health sector on HIV/AIDS program which helps to improve
decision making. The study summaries are presented in this booklet with brief
abstracts, background, objectives, study design, results, conclusions and
recommendations.
The Extract contains important results on ART outcomes, reproductive health
care needs including fertility desire among people living with HIV/AIDS. In
addition, factors contributing to tuberculosis case detection to see practical
implications are included as part of the Extract. It also assesses public health
implications of alcohol advertising practices in Ethiopia.
The EPHA –CDC Project trusts that such studies are most useful to program
implementers and policy makers to take measures for improving service
delivery in areas of HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment and care.

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