Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices

293 Pages·2016·4.75 MB·English

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
2002
Enzyme activities in soils as affected by
management practices
Mine Ekenler
Iowa State University
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Recommended Citation
Ekenler, Mine, "Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices " (2002).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 510.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/510
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Enzyme activities in soils as affected by management practices
by
Mine Ekenler
A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Major: Soil Science (Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry)
Program of Study Committee:
M.A. Tabatabai, Major Professor
Richard M. Cruse
Thomas E. Fenton
Anthony L. Pometto III
Louisa B.Tabatabai
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
2002
UMI Number: 3073445
UMI8
UMI Microform 3073445
Copyright 2003 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
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ii
Graduate College
Iowa State University
This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation of
Mine Ekenler
has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Major Professor
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Major Program
iii
DEDICATION
To my parents: Muzaffer and Giillu Ekenler
and
My son: Deniz Jason Ekenler-Borges
IV
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT viii
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
Organization of Dissertation 5
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 7
Soil Enzymes 7
Sources and States of Enzymes in Soils 8
Types of Enzymes in Soils 12
Glycosidases 14
Arylamidase 17
Amidohydrolases 19
Phosphatases 22
Arylsulfatase 24
Soil Health and Quality 25
Effects of Management Practices on Microbial Biomass and
Enzyme Activities 29
Effects of liming on enzyme activities 29
Effects of cropping systems and N fertilization on enzyme
activities 32
Effects tillage and residue management on enzyme activities 33
Nitrogen Mineralization 35
Indexes of available nitrogen 35
References 41
V
CHAPTER 3. EFFECTS OF LIMING AND TILLAGE SYSTEMS ON
MICROBIAL BIOMASS AND GLYCOSIDASES IN SOILS 65
Abstract 65
Introduction 67
Materials and Methods 71
Results 76
Discussion 79
Conclusions 85
References 86
CHAPTER 4. ARYLAMIDASE AND AMIDOHYDROLASES IN
SOILS AS AFFECTED BY LIMING AND TILLAGE
SYSTEMS 107
Abstract 107
Introduction 108
Materials and Methods 113
Results 116
Discussion 119
Conclusion 123
References 125
CHAPTER 5. RESPONSES OF PHOSPHATASES AND
ARYLSULFATASE IN SOILS TO LIMING AND
TILLAGE SYSTEMS 139
Abstract 139
Introduction 141
Materials and Methods 145
Results 147
Discussion 151
vi
Conclusions 155
References 156
CHAPTER 6. (3-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY OF SOILS:
EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS AND ITS
RELATIONSHIP TO NITROGEN MINERALIZATION 172
Abstract 172
Introduction 173
Materials and Methods 176
Results 180
Discussion 182
References 186
CHAPTER 7. EFFECTS OF TRACE ELEMENTS ON
p-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY IN SOILS 204
Abstract 204
Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion 205
References 212
CHAPTER 8. TILLAGE AND RESIDUE MANAGEMENT EFFECTS
ON p-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY IN SOILS 220
Abstract 220
Introduction, Materials and Methods, Results and Discussion 221
References 231
CHAPTER 9. p-GLUCOSAMINIDASE ACTIVITY AS AN INDEX
OF NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN SOILS 239
Abstract 239
Introduction 240