Environments of Empire: Networks and Agents of Ecological Change (Flows, Migrations, and Exchanges)

279 Pages·2020·17.611 MB·English

by  Ulrike Kirchberger (editor), Brett M. Bennett (editor)

Environments of Empire
Flows, Migrations, and ExchangEs
Mart A. Stewart and Harriet Ritvo, editors
The Flows, Migrations, and Exchanges series publishes new works of
environmental history that explore the cross- border movements of
organisms and materials that have shaped the modern world, as well
as the varied human attempts to understand, regulate, and manage
these movements.
Environments of Empire
Networks and Agents of
Ecological Change
EditEd by
Ulrike Kirchberger and Brett M. Bennett
The University of North Carolina Press chapEl hill
© 2020 The University of North Carolina Press
All rights reserved
Set in Merope Basic by Westchester Publishing Ser vices
Manufactured in the United States of Amer i ca
The University of North Carolina Press has been a member
of the Green Press Initiative since 2003.
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Kirchberger, Ulrike, editor. | Bennett, Brett M., 1983– editor.
Title: Environments of empire : networks and agents of ecological change /
edited by Ulrike Kirchberger and Brett M. Bennett.
Other titles: Flows, migrations, and exchanges.
Description: Chapel Hill : The University of North Carolina Press, [2020] |
Series: Flows, migrations, and exchanges | Includes bibliographical
references and index.
Identifiers: lccn 2019035098 | isbn 9781469655925 (cloth : alk. paper) |
isbn 9781469655932 (paperback : alk. paper) | isbn 9781469655949 (ebook)
Subjects: lcsh: Human ecology— History—19th  century— Case studies. |
Human ecology— History—20th  century— Case studies. | Global
environmental change— History—19th  century— Case studies. | Global
environmental change— History—20th  century— Case studies. |
Imperialism— History. | Environmental sciences— History. | Europe—
Colonies— History. | Turkey— History— Ottoman Empire, 1288–1918.
Classification: lcc gF50 .E57 2020 | ddc 304.2094/09034— dc23
lc rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov / 2019035098
Cover illustration: From Alphonse Milne Edwards and Henri Milne Edwards, Recherches pour
servir à l’histoire naturelle des mammifères, tome second-atlas (Paris: G. Masson, 1868–1874).
Courtesy of the Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Contents
Acknowl edgments  ix
Introduction  1
ulrikE kirchbErgEr
part i |  The Nation State and the
Unpredictability of Nature
The Transformation of an Ecological Policy  19
Acclimatization of Cuban Tobacco Va ri e ties and Public Scandalization
in the French Empire, c. 1860–1880
alExandEr van wickErEn
Securing Resources for the Industries of Wilhelmine Germany  39
Tropical Agriculture and Phytopathology in Cameroon and Togo, 1884–1914
saMuEl ElEazar wEndt
French Mandate Syria and Lebanon  61
Land, Ecological Interventions, and the “Modern” State
idir ouahEs
part ii | Institutions and Professions
Science, to Understand the Abundance of Plants and Trees  85
The First Ottoman Natu ral History Museum and Herbarium, 1836–1848
sEMih cElik
Inventing Colonial Agronomy 1 03
Buitenzorg and the Transition from the Western to the Eastern Model
of Colonial Agriculture, 1880s–1930s
Florian wagnEr
Discovery and Patriarchy  129
Professionalization of Botany and the Distancing of Women and “ Others”
carEy MccorMack
part iii | Animal Agency
Animal Skinners  151
A Transcolonial Network and the Formation of West African Zoology
stEphaniE zEhnlE
Adapting to Change in Australian Estuaries  176
Oysters in the Techno- Fix Cycles of Colonial Capitalism
jodi FrawlEy
Brumbies (Equus ferus caballus) as Colonizers of the Esperance
Mallee– Recherche Bioregion in Western Australia  197
nicolE y. chalMEr
Epilogue  224
A Global History of Species Introduction and Invasion:
Reconciling Historical and Ecological Paradigms
brEtt M. bEnnEtt
Contributors  247
Index 249
Tables
1. Value of German imports, in billions of marks, 1888–1907  41
2. German imports, exports, and trade balance, in billions of marks,
1888–1907  41
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Acknowle dgments
The chapters in this volume comprise a se lection of papers that were first
presented at an international conference at the University of Kassel, Ger-
many, in September 2015. We are grateful to the University of Kassel for
hosting and funding the conference; our thanks likewise to all participants
for their contributions and for making the meeting an in ter est ing and enjoy-
able experience. We would also like to thank Harriet Ritvo and Mart Stewart
for accepting the manuscript for publication in the series Flows, Migrations,
and Exchanges. At UNC Press, Brandon Proia guided us through the publi-
cation pro cess. Michelle Witkowski and a team of highly competent editors
prepared the manuscript for publication. The reports of two anonymous
readers helped us to improve the quality of the volume. At the University
of Kassel, Austeja Schumann, Miguel Ohnesorge, Nhat Luong, and Lion
Arendt provided valuable assistance.
ix