Environmental Toxicology and Toxicogenomics: Principles, Methods, and Applications

360 Pages·2021·7.82 MB·English

by  Xiaoping Pan (editor), Baohong Zhang (editor)

Methods in
Molecular Biology 2326
Xiaoping Pan
Baohong Zhang Editors
Environmental
Toxicology and
Toxicogenomics
Principles, Methods,
and Applications
M M B
ETHODS IN OLECULAR IO LO GY
SeriesEditor
JohnM.Walker
School of Lifeand MedicalSciences
University ofHertfordshire
Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK
Forfurther volumes:
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Environmental Toxicology
and Toxicogenomics
Principles, Methods, and Applications
Edited by
Xiaoping Pan and Baohong Zhang
Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
Editors
XiaopingPan BaohongZhang
DepartmentofBiology DepartmentofBiology
EastCarolinaUniversity EastCarolinaUniversity
Greenville,NC,USA Greenville,NC,USA
ISSN1064-3745 ISSN1940-6029 (electronic)
MethodsinMolecularBiology
ISBN978-1-0716-1513-3 ISBN978-1-0716-1514-0 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1514-0
©SpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringerNature2021
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Cover Illustration Caption: Crude oil-dispersant mixture affected reproduction by enhancing germ cell apoptosis in
Caenorhabditiselegans;arrowspointtoapoptoticcellsinthegonadofC.elegansexposedto500Xdilutionofcrude
oil/dispersant.
ThisHumanaimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC,partofSpringer
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Preface
With rapid advancements of industrialization, agricultural productions, and urbanization,
environmental pollutions have been becoming one major issue faced by humans and the
ecosystem. Many toxic chemicals including emerging industrial by-products have been
detectedinenvironmentalcompartmentsincludingair,soil,andwater.Studyingthedetec-
tion, toxicity, and related mechanisms of environmental pollutants will provide knowledge
necessarytodevelopstrategiestopreventandmanagetheirnegativeeffects.Environmental
toxicologyhasbecomeapopularmajornowadays;moreandmoreresearchhasinvestigated
the impacts of environmental pollution at the population (ecology and biodiversity), indi-
vidual(lethalandsublethal),developmental,physiological,cellular,andmolecularlevels.To
enhancethedevelopmentofthisresearchfield,itisnecessaryandimportanttohighlightthe
currentmethodologyforstudyingenvironmentalpollutions.
Thegoalofthisbookistoprovideanaccessiblecompendiumofup-to-datemethodsin
the fields of environmental toxicology, molecular toxicology, and toxicogenomics. Rapid
developmentofthesefieldsgeneratedanextensivebodyofmethodology,makingitdifficult
forresearcherstofollow.Furthermore,giventhejournalrequirements,manypapersdonot
focus on presenting methodology in the great detail necessary for other laboratories who
wouldpotentiallyapplysimilarmethods.Collectingreliablemethodsfromworld-renowned
laboratorieswillprovideanimportantresourceandsignificantlyreducethetimeandefforts
requiredforseekingthesemethodsfromthescientificcommunity.Toachievethisgoal,we
invitedenvironmentalscientists aroundtheworld tocontributeto thismethodologybook
basedontheirexpertise.
This book is organized into four major parts. The first part includes fourteen chapters
presentingmethodsmainlyutilizingmodelanimalspecies,suchasnematode,fruitfly,mice,
chicken,andamphibians.Thesecondpartincludesfivechaptersmainlyusingplantstostudy
chemicaltoxicity.ThethirdpartincludesonechapterpresentingtheAmesassayforchemical
mutagenicitystudy.Thelastpartofthisbookcollectsfivemethodchaptersforenvironmen-
talchemicalanalysis.Althoughthisbookwasdividedintofourparts,allthemethodscanbe
usedacrossspecies.
We greatly appreciate all the authors who made excellent contributions to this book.
Theirwonderfulresearchandsignificanteffortsprovidedetailedprotocolsandstrategiesfor
studyingenvironmentaltoxicologyatdifferentlevelsandalsomakethisbookaveryvaluable
resource for the scientific community, particularly for young scientists and graduate and
undergraduate students, inspiring more research in the field of environmental toxicity,
molecular toxicology, and toxicogenomics. We would also like to express our sincere
appreciation to Professor John M. Walker, the Methods in Molecular Biology Series Editor,
and Mr. David C. Casey and Ms. Anna Rakovsky from Springer Protocols for their invita-
tion,support,andcommitmentduringthisbook’spreparation.
Greenville,NC,USA XiaopingPan
BaohongZhang
v
Contents
Preface ..................................................................... v
Contributors................................................................. ix
PART I ANIMAL TOXICITY
1 DetectionofCaenorhabditiselegansGermCellApoptosisFollowing
ExposuretoEnvironmentalContaminantMixtures:ACrude
Oil-DispersantMixtureExample.......................................... 3
JosephRyanPolli,MaryFarwell,andXiaopingPan
2 High-ThroughputMeasurementforToxicEffectsofMetalMixtures
inCaenorhabditiselegans................................................. 19
KathyS.XueandLiliTang
3 EvaluationsofEnvironmentalPollutant-InducedMitochondrial
ToxicityUsingCaenorhabditiselegansasaModelSystem.................... 33
FuliZheng,MichaelAschner,andHuangyuanLi
4 MethodstoAssaytheBehaviorofDrosophilamelanogaster
forToxicityStudy....................................................... 47
GuiranXiao
5 InvestigatingtheJointEffectsofPesticidesandUltraviolet
BRadiationinXenopuslaevisandOtherAmphibians........................ 55
ShuangyingYuandMikeWages
6 IdentificationofStableReferenceGenesforToxicogenomic
andGeneExpressionAnalysis ............................................ 67
XiaopingPanandBaohongZhang
7 Semi-QuantitativeRT-PCR:AnEffectiveMethodtoExplore
theRegulationofGeneTranscriptionLevelAffectedbyEnvironmental
Pollutants.............................................................. 95
FanWang
8 EmployingMultipleNewNeurobiologicalMethodstoInvestigate
EnvironmentalNeurotoxicologyinMice................................... 105
PingCaiandHuangyuanLi
9 AnalysesofEpigeneticModificationinEnvironmental
Pollutants-InducedNeurotoxicity......................................... 123
GuangxiaYu,ZhenkunGuo,andHuangyuanLi
10 TheApplicationofOmicsTechnologiesintheResearch
ofNeurotoxicology ..................................................... 143
WenyaShaoandHuangyuanLi
vii
viii Contents
11 FlowCytofluorometricAnalysisofMolecularMechanisms
ofPrematureRedBloodCellDeath....................................... 155
MohammadA.AlfhiliandMyonHeeLee
12 PracticalMethodsandTechnologiesinEnvironmentalEpidemiology......... 167
ChuanchengWu,DonghongWei,HuangyuanLi,andSiyingWu
13 InOvoEarly-in-LifeInhalationExposuretoGas/Aerosol
withaChickenEmbryoModel........................................... 197
QixiaoJiang,XiaohuiXu,HaoNi,YajieGuo,JunhuaYuan,
andYuxinZheng
14 DNADamageinLiverCellsoftheTilapiaFishOreochromis
mossambicusLarvaInducedbytheInsecticideCyantraniliprole
atSublethalDosesDuringChronicExposure .............................. 203
YongmeiFan,ChengbinXu,andWeiguoMiao
PART II PLANT TOXICITY
15 ImpactofNanoparticlesonPlantGrowth,Development,
andBiomass............................................................ 217
IlyaN.BoykovandBaohongZhang
16 BiochemicalandPhysiologicalToxicityofNanoparticlesinPlant ............. 225
ZhiyongZhangandBaohongZhang
17 DeterminationofOxidativeStressandAntioxidantEnzyme
ActivityforPhysiologicalPhenotypingDuringHeavyMetalExposure ........ 241
SamranaZahir,FanZhang,JinhongChen,andShuijinZhu
18 ComprehensivePhytotoxicityAssessmentProtocolforEngineered
Nanomaterials.......................................................... 251
LokR.Pokhrel,ChukwudiS.Ubah,andSinaFallah
19 DetectionofCadmiumToxicityinPlant................................... 267
XiaoxiaoLiu,LinaYin,ShiwenWang,andZhiyongZhang
PART III MICROBE TOXICITY
20 MutagenicityEvaluationofNanoparticlesbytheAmesAssay ................ 275
XiaopingPan
PART IV EXTRACTION AND DETECTION ANALYTICAL METHODS
21 DispersiveSolid-PhaseExtractionofMultiresiduePesticides
inFoodandWaterSamples .............................................. 289
HongxiaGuan
22 QuantitativeAnalysisofMultiresiduePesticidesUsingGas
Chromatography–MassSpectrometry ..................................... 301
QingsongCaiandHongxiaGuan
23 DeterminationoftheN-NitrosoCompoundsinMouseFollowing
RDXExposure ......................................................... 315
XiaopingPan
Contents ix
24 DeterminationofMetalContentinDrosophilamelanogaster
DuringMetalExposure.................................................. 327
GuiranXiao
25 Microplastics:AReviewofMethodologyforSampling
andCharacterizingEnvironmentalandBiologicalSamples................... 339
ChristianaH.ShoopmanandXiaopingPan
Index ...................................................................... 361
Contributors
MOHAMMADA.ALFHILI • ChairofMedicalandMolecularGeneticsResearch,Departmentof
ClinicalLaboratorySciences,CollegeofAppliedMedicalSciences,KingSaudUniversity,
Riyadh,SaudiArabia
MICHAELASCHNER • DepartmentofMolecularPharmacology,AlbertEinsteinCollegeof
Medicine,Bronx,NY,USA
ILYAN.BOYKOV • DepartmentofBiology,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA
PINGCAI • TheKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentandHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth,Fujian
MedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China
QINGSONGCAI • TheComplexCarbohydrateResearchCenter,UniversityofGeorgia,Athens,
GA,USA
JINHONGCHEN • CollegeofAgricultureandBiotechnology,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,
Zhejiang,China
SINAFALLAH • DepartmentofAgronomy,FacultyofAgriculture,ShahrekordUniversity,
Shahrekord,Iran
YONGMEIFAN • KeyLaboratoryofGreenPreventionandControlofTropicalPlantDisease
andPests,MinistryofEducation,CollegeofPlantProtection,HainanUniversity,Haikou,
China
MARYFARWELL • DepartmentofBiology,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA
HONGXIAGUAN • SchoolofScienceandTechnology,GeorgiaGwinnettCollege,Lawrenceville,
GA,USA
YAJIEGUO • SchoolofPublicHealth,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong,China
ZHENKUN GUO • TheKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentandHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth,
FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China;DepartmentofPreventiveMedicine,Schoolof
PublicHealth,FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China
QIXIAOJIANG • SchoolofPublicHealth,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong,China
MYONHEELEE • DivisionofHematology/Oncology,DepartmentofInternalMedicine,
BrodySchoolofMedicine,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA
HUANGYUAN LI • TheKeyLaboratoryofEnvironmentandHealth,SchoolofPublicHealth,
FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China;DepartmentofPreventiveMedicine,Schoolof
PublicHealth,FujianMedicalUniversity,Fuzhou,China
XIAOXIAOLIU • StateKeyLaboratoryofSoilErosionandDrylandFarmingontheLoess
Plateau,InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,ChineseAcademyofSciencesand
MinistryofWaterResources,Yangling,Shanxi,China;UniversityoftheChineseAcademy
ofSciences,Beijing,China;InstituteofSoilandWaterConservation,NorthwestA&F
University,Yangling,Shanxi,China
WEIGUOMIAO • KeyLaboratoryofGreenPreventionandControlofTropicalPlantDisease
andPests,MinistryofEducation,CollegeofPlantProtection,HainanUniversity,Haikou,
China
HAONI • SchoolofPublicHealth,QingdaoUniversity,Qingdao,Shandong,China
XIAOPINGPAN • DepartmentofBiology,EastCarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA
LOKR.POKHREL • DepartmentofPublicHealth,TheBrodySchoolofMedicine,East
CarolinaUniversity,Greenville,NC,USA;DepartmentofHealthEducationand
xi