Environmental Tobacco Smoke

402 Pages·2000·4.9 MB·English

by  Mark L. Witten

Environmental
Tobacco Smoke
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Environmental
Tobacco Smoke
Edited by
Ronald R. Watson
and
Mark Witten
CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Environmental tobacco smoke / edited by Ronald R. Watson and Mark Witten.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-0311-7 (alk. paper)
1. Tobacco smoke—Toxicology. 2. Tobacco smoke pollution—Health aspects.
3. Passive smoking—Health aspects. I. Watson, Ronald R. (Ronald Ross)
II. Witten, Mark L. (Mark Lee), 1953–
RA1242.T6 E5725 2000
615.9′52395—dc21 00-057190
CIP
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Preface
The role of tobacco smoking in causing health problems is well defined. However,
the effects of their smoke on non-smokers need further definition. Most non-smokers
are exposed to some tobacco smoke each day. While many communities and countries
are making certain areas, buildings, and occupations non-smoking and smoke free,
the extent of damage due to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) needs definition
and prevention. Which of the many diseases, cancers, and pathologies clearly asso-
ciated with smoking are tobacco smoke–induced in non-smokers? As public exposure
to environmental smoke needs to be reduced, a better understanding of its conse-
quences must be developed. In addition, the effects of smoking bans in the workplace
and changes in advertising need to be assessed on the exposure of non-smokers to
environmental smoke. Animal models, epidemiology studies, and medical reports
help define such problems and their consequences.
The objective of this book will be to bring into one place the key observations
on the nature and effects of ETS exposure. This book will focus on the pathological
effects of ETS in pregnant women, newborns, youths, adults, and the elderly. It
delves into developing associations with asthma, tobacco allergy, heart disease, and
cancer due to ETS. It investigates other pathological effects such as DNA damage,
gene activation, and immunosuppression, just beginning to be studied. In addition,
this book probes the role of the political system and its laws in modifying behaviors,
exposure risk, and health consequences of environmental smoke. The authors sum-
marize the ability of antioxidant supplements to lower ETS damage. The effects of
restrictions on tobacco smoking in public places are vital to reduce ETS exposure
and improve health. In addition, the use of animal models strengthens the precision
of studies. The concerns of the tobacco industry and potential problems in defining
relationships between ETS and health problems are also included. A major focus
relates to obvious and major effects of ETS on lung function promoting asthma,
which has increased dramatically in children. Clearly, ETS is a significant health
risk that can be eliminated.
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Editors
Ronald R. Watson, Ph.D. initiated and directed the NIH Specialized Alcohol
Research Center at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, for
6 years. Dr. Watson has edited 50 books, including 8 on drugs of abuse.
Dr. Watson attended the University of Idaho, but graduated from Brigham Young
University in Provo, Utah with a degree in Chemistry in 1966. He completed his
Ph.D. degree in 1971 in Biochemistry at Michigan State University in East Lansing.
His postdoctoral schooling was completed at the Harvard School of Public Health
in Nutrition and Microbiology in Cambridge, Massachusetts, including a 2-year
postdoctoral research experience in immunology. He was an Assistant Professor of
Immunology and did research at the University of Mississippi Medical Center in
Jackson from 1973 to 1974. He was an Assistant Professor of Microbiology and
Immunology at the Indiana University Medical School from 1974 to 1978 and an
Associate Professor at Purdue University, in Lafayette, Indiana, in the Department
of Food and Nutrition from 1978 to 1982. In 1982, he joined the faculty at the
University of Arizona, Tucson, in the Department of Family and Community Med-
icine. He is also a Research Professor in the University of Arizona’s newly formed
College of Public Health. He has published 450 research papers and review chapters.
Dr. Watson is a member of several national and international nutrition, immu-
nology, cancer, and research societies. Dr. Watson and Dr. Mark Witten are funded
by the Arizona Disease Control Research Commission to assess the role of vitamin E
on environmental tobacco smoke’s modulation of lung function. Dr. Watson has just
set up the first murine model to measure the actions of environmental tobacco smoke
on heart function and during mouse AIDS.
Mark L. Witten, Ph.D. is currently a Research Professor and Director of the Joan B.
and Donald R. Diamond Lung Inquiry Laboratory in the Department of Pediatrics
at the University of Arizona College of Medicine. Prior to this appointment, he was
an Instructor in Medicine at Harvard Medical School in Boston, Massachusetts.
Dr. Witten received his Ph.D. degree with a double major in Physiology and
Exercise Physiology at Indiana University in 1983. He has authored over 80 peer-
reviewed manuscripts and book chapters. In 1992, he published the first animal
model of sidestream cigarette smoke exposure.
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Contributors
Ann Aschengrau Teresa Carrillo
School of Public Health Allergy Unit
Boston University Hospital NTRA SRA del Pino
Boston, MA Canary Islands, Spain
Edward G. Barrett
Anna Maria Castellazzi
LRRI
Laboratorio di Immunologia
Albuquerque, NM
Clinica Pediatrica dell’Universita
di Pavia
David E. Bice
IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo
LRRI
Pavia, Italy
Albuquerque, NM
Paul D. Blanc Rodolfo Castillo
Division of Occupational and Allergy Unit
Environmental Medicine Hospital NTRA SRA del Pino
Department of Medicine and Canary Islands, Spain
Cardiovascular Research Institute
University of California Daphne Chan
San Francisco, CA Division of Clinical Pharmacology
and Toxicology
Carlos Blanco
The Hospital for Sick Children
Allergy Unit Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Hospital NTRA SRA del Pino
Canary Islands, Spain
Yinhong Chen
College of Public Health
Michael Brauer
and School of Medicine
Occupational Hygiene Program
University of Arizona
School of Occupational and
Tucson, AZ
Environmental Hygiene
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, BC, Canada Helen Dimich-Ward
Department of Medicine
D. Jeff Burton — Respiratory Division
IVE, Inc. University of British Columbia
Bountiful, UT Vancouver, BC, Canada