Environmental Technology: Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Environmental Technology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 22–26, 1987

831 Pages·1987·28.99 MB·English

by  E. H. T. P. Nijpels (auth.)

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
Environmental Technology
Proceedings of the Second European Conference on Environmental
Technology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, June 22-26, 1987
edited by
K.J.A. DE WAAL
TNO Division of Technology for Society
Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
W.J. VAN DEN BRINK
TNO Corporate Communication Department
The Hague, The Netherlands
1987 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS •
II
a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP
DORDRECHT / BOSTON / LANCASTER
Distributors
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Accord Station, Hingham, MA 02018-0358, USA
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for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
European Conference on Environmental Technology (2nd
1987: Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Environmental technology.
1. Environmental engineering--Europe--Congresses.
2. Environmental policy--Europe--Congresses. 3. Factory
and trade waste--Environmental aspects--Europe-
Congresses. 4. Recycling (Waste, etc.)--Europe-
Congresses. 5. Salvage (Waste, etc.)--Europe--Congresses.
I. Waal, K. J. A. de. II. Brink, W. J. van den.
III. Title.
TD55.AIE97 1987 628 87-15241
ISBN -13:978-94-0 10-8139-9 e-ISBN-13:978-94-009-3663-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-3663-8
Copyright
© 1987 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers,
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 163, 3300 AD Dordrecht,
The Netherlands.
Second European
Conference on
Environmental Technology
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in the 'European Year
of the Environment'
VII
Recommending committee of the
Second European COnference on Environmental Technology
G.A. Wagner (chairman)
Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Royal Dutch Petroleum
Company. The Netherlands.
J.C. Blankert
President of the Association of the Mechanical and Electrical
Engineering Industries (FME). The Netherlands.
G. Bresser
Chairman of the Association of the Dutch Chemical Industry
(VNCI). The Netherlands.
S. Clinton Davis
Member of the Commission of the European Communities. Belgium.
J.N. Dirken
Vice-chancellor of Delft University of Technology. The
Netherlands.
M.C. van der Harst
Director General of the Netherlands Ministry of Economic Affairs.
The Netherlands.
J.D. Hooglandt
Chairman of the Dutch Steel Producers' Association. The
Netherlands.
R.W. ter Horst
President of the Industrial Council for Energy and Environmental
Technology. The Netherlands.
W.A. de Jong
President of the TNO Board of Management. The Netherlands.
N.G. Ketting
President of the Board of Managing Directors of the NV SEP Dutch
Electricity Generating Board. The Netherlands.
C.J .A. van Lede
President of the Federation of Netherlands Industries (VNO). The
Netherlands.
Lord Nathan
Chairman of the Environment Committee of the House of Lords.
Great Britain.
S. Patijn
Chairman of the national committee of the European Year of the
Environment. The Netherlands.
VIII
W.C. Reij
Director General of the Netherlands Ministry of Housing, Physical
Planning and the Environment. The Netherlands.
K.C. Sivaramakrishnan
I.A.S. Project Director for the Central Ganges Authority. India.
Programme Committee of the
Second European Conference on Environmental Technology
K.J.A. de Waal (chairman)
TNO Division of Technology for Society, Apeldoorn. The
Netherlands.
W.J. van den Brink (secretary)
TNO Corporate Communication Department, The Hague. The
Netherlands.
F. van den Akker
Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment,
Leidschendam. The Netherlands.
H.M. de Bliek
Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Hague. The Netherlands.
A.M. Buekens
Free University of Brussels, Brussels. Belgium.
S. Dudenkov
USSR.
D. Huisingh
North Carolina State University, Raleigh, N.C. USA.
P.J. Huiswaard
Association of Consulting Engineers of the Netherlands (ONRI),
The Hague. The Netherlands.
G.S. Jonker
Delft University of Technology, Delft. The Netherlands.
F.E. Joyce
ECOTEC Research and Consulting Ltd, Birmingham. Great Britain.
J.M. Junger
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels. Belgium.
K. Miiller
National Agency of Environmental Protection, Copenhagen. Denmark.
Ms. F. Petillot
Direction de la Prevention des Pollutions, Neuilly-sur-Seine.
France.
H.F. Peze
Gist Brocades B.V., Delft. The Netherlands.
M. Tels
University of Technology Eindhoven, Eindhoven. The Netherlands.
A.W. Veenman
Netherlands Association of Suppliers of Environmental Equipment
and Technics (VLM) , Zoetermeer. The Netherlands.
L. Verweij
Federation of Netherlands Industries (VNO), BMRO Bureau of
Environment and Physical Planning, The Hague. The Netherlands.
E.J. Vles
Association of the Dutch Chemical Industry (VNCI), Leidschendam
The Netherlands.
J. Voskamp
Hoogovens Groep B.V., IJmuiden. The Netherlands.
IX
The Programme committee wants to thank the following persons for
their assistance in the preparations of this conference:
Ms. C. A.. Arensman
TNO Corporate Communication Department, The Hague. The
Netherlands.
G.A. Maas Geesteranus
Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and the Environment,
Leidschendam. The Netherlands.
W.J.C. Melgert
TNO Corporate Communication Department, The Hague. The
Netherlands.
s.v. SWolfs
Netherlands Association of Suppliers of Environmental Equipment
and Technics (VLM), Zoetermeer. The Netherlands.
J.I. Walpot
TNO Division of Technology for Society, Apeldoorn. The
Netherlands.
XI
CONTENTS
Programme Committee and Recommending Committee of the
Second European Conference on Environmental Technology VII
Introduction
B.B.T.M. Nijpels 1
RAW MATERIALS AND ENERGY
Combined-cycle power generation - a promising
alternative for the generation of electric power from
coal.
E. Nitschke 5
A proposal for the energy infra-structure of AtatUrk
Organized Industrial District in Izmir.
A. OUrmaz. Y. Ercan. O.E. Ataer & M. Sivrioglu 18
Fluidized bed combustion technology for low grade
lignite utilization in Turkey.
M. Arikol. E. Ekinci. D. Bilqe & A. Serpil 28
Pressurised combustion - a new tool in emission
abatement.
L.3.M.3. Blomen. J.E. Bille & P.F. van den Oosterkamp 37
Safety assessment and the selection of detergent raw
materials.
N.T. de Oude 43
Thermodynamic analysis of solar powered absorption
refrigeration systems for comparison of working fluids.
O.E. Ataer 49
PROCESS-INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
Process integrated environmental technology. A must to
survive.
J. Quakernaat. 3.A. Don & F. van den Akker 55
XII
The development of clean technology phosphate
fertilizer production processes.
G.H.M. Calis 67
Hydrolysis of waste paper.
J.I. Walpot & H. Visscher 69
The effect of processing on the heavy metal content in
compost.
G.R.E.M. van Roosmalen, M.M.G. Senden. T. Brethouwer &
M. Tels 77
Autothermal incineration of waste water sludge in a
fluid bed furnace.
R. Tize 87
Dealing with environmental affairs in the Dutch sugar
industry.
J .A. Don & L. Feenstra 96
Removal of nitrogen compounds from waste water.
L.W.F. Harmsen 110
Cleaner technologies in Denmark - examples and
experiences.
K. Miiller 114
The application of the Best Practicable Environmental
Option to pollution control in 1987.
R.G.P. Hawkins 121
Removal of cadmium by anion exchange in a wet
phosphoric acid process.
T.T. Tjioe. P. Weij & G.M. van Rosmalen 145
Cadmium incorporation in calcium sulfate modifications.
G.J. Witkamp & G.M. van Rosmalen 148
Removal of cadmium from phosphoric acid solutions by
selective coprecipitation in a minor amount of
anhydrite.
J.A. Kroon 151
A clean technology phosphoric acid process.
S. van der Sluis & G.M. van Rosmalen 153
TREATMENT OF INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS / WASTE
Abatement of HCI and HF emissions from waste
incinerators by injection of hydrated lime.
A. Verbeek, D. Schmal & C. van der Harst 157
Residual products from flue gas desulphurization by
spray-dryer method - technical and economic aspects of
their disposal and recovery for utilization.
H. Ludwig. M. Hetschel & H. Fitjer 165
XIII
Flue gas treatment according to the BF/UHDE process.
U. Neumann 182
Technical/economical developments of fluegas
desulphurization (FGD) installations.
L.A.J. Tol & W.L. Prins 194
The Bischoff flue gas desulphurization process in the
power plants of Borssele and Maasvlakte in the
Netherlands.
T. Risse & I. Maassen 211
The biological treatment of waste gases from small
urban sources (emission of volatile organic compounds).
A.J. Dragt, A. Jol, C. van Lith & S.P.P. Ottengraf 224
Biofiltration - a relatively cheap and effective method
of waste gas treatment.
P.G. Paul & F.J. Castelijn 231
Experience with full-scale Biopaq - U.A.S.B.-plants
treating various types of effluent.
P.J.F.M. Back & L.B.A. Babets 238
Wet air oxidation of toxic wastewater.
M.A.G. Vorstman & M. Tels 247
Thermochemical treatment of solid waste obtained from
pulp and paper factory with 15 % acetic acid and NaOH
for conversion to crudes.
F. Taner, B. Boztepe & U. Kimyonsen 256
Ozonation of the aqueous layers obtained from
thermochemical treatment of solid waste with 15 %
acetic acid and NaOH.
H. Boztepe, F. Taner & U. Kimyonsen 263
Chloroff, a non-destructive dechlorination process.
P.F. van den Oosterkamp, L.J.M.J. Blomen, A.S. Laghate
& B. ten Doesschate 275
Electrochemical treatment of organohalogens in process
waste waters.
D. Schmal, J. van Erkel, A.M.C.P. de Jong & P.J. van
Duin 284
Recovery of heavy metals by crystallization in the
pellet reactor.
M. Scholler, J.C. van Dijk & D. Wilms 294
Removal of arsenic from waste waters of the lead glass
industry.
A. Kaiser, F. Butter, J. Kappel & B. Schmidt 304
Mercury removal by activated carbon process.
K.-D. Benning, K. Keldenich & K. Knoblauch 314