Environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicines used in Asian aquaculture

218 Pages·2014·10.18 MB·English

Andreu Rico
Environmental risk assessment
of veterinary medicines
used in Asian aquaculture

Andreu Rico

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Thesis committee

Thesis supervisor
Prof. Dr. Ir. Paul J. van den Brink
Professor of Chemical Stress Ecology
Wageningen University

Other members
Prof. Dr. Johan A. J. Verreth, Wageningen University
Prof. Dr. Jonas S. Gunnarsson, Stockholm University, Sweden
Dr. Ir. Cornelis A. M. van Gestel, VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Dr. Ir. Jeroen B. Guinée, Leiden University, The Netherlands

This research was conducted under the auspices of the Graduate School for Socio-Economic and
Natural Sciences of the Environment (SENSE)

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Environmental risk assessment
of veterinary medicines
used in Asian aquaculture

Andreu Rico

Thesis
Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor
at Wageningen University
by the authority of the Rector Magnificus
Prof. Dr. M. J. Kropff,
in the presence of the
Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board
to be defended in public
on Monday 26 May 2014
at 11.00 am in the Aula.

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Andreu Rico
Environmental risk assessment of veterinary medicines used in Asian aquaculture,
216 pages

PhD Thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014)
With references, with summary in English, Dutch and Spanish

ISBN 978-94-6173-956-8

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To Neus and to my family

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‘’The chemicals to which life is asked to make its
adjustments are no longer merely the calcium and
silica and copper and all the rest of minerals washed
out of the rocks and carried in rivers to the sea; they
are the synthetic creations of man’s inventive mind,
brewed in his laboratories, and having no counterparts
in nature.’’

(Rachel Carson, 1962)

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Contents
Chapter 1. General introduction ...................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 2. Use of chemicals and biological products in Asian aquaculture and their
potential environmental risks: a review ....................................................................... 19
Chapter 3. Use of veterinary medicines, feed additives and probiotics in four major
internationally traded aquaculture species farmed in Asia ......................................... 37
Chapter 4. Modelling environmental and human health risks of veterinary medicinal
products applied in pond aquaculture ........................................................................ 55
Chapter 5. Probabilistic risk assessment of veterinary medicines applied to four major
aquaculture species produced in Asia .......................................................................... 71
Chapter 6. Use, fate and ecological risks of antibiotics applied in tilapia cage farming in
Thailand ........................................................................................................................ 89
Chapter 7. Ecological risk assessment of the antibiotic enrofloxacin applied to Pangasius
catfish farms in the Mekong delta, Vietnam .............................................................. 109
Chapter 8. Effects of the antibiotic enrofloxacin on the ecology of tropical eutrophic
freshwater microcosms .............................................................................................. 125
Chapter 9. Predicting antibiotic resistance in aquaculture production systems and
surrounding environments ......................................................................................... 145
Chapter 10. General discussion and conclusions........................................................................... 165
References. .................................................................................................................................... 179
Summary.... .................................................................................................................................... 195
Samenvatting (Dutch summary) .................................................................................................... 199

Resumen (Spanish summary) ........................................................................................................ 203
Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................... 207
About the author ........................................................................................................................... 211

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