Environmental Policy in the European Union: "Actors, Institutions and Processes"

376 Pages·2005·8.32 MB·English

by  Andrew Jordan

ENV policy in EU.book Page i Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
Environmental Policy
in the European Union
SECOND EDITION
ENV policy in EU.book Page ii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
To
Bessie
ENV policy in EU.book Page iii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
Environmental Policy
in the European Union
SECOND EDITION
Edited by
Andrew Jordan
London • Sterling, VA
ENV policy in EU.book Page iv Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
Second edition first published by
Earthscan in the UK and USA in 2005
First edition 2002
Copyright © Andrew Jordan, 2005
All rights reserved
ISBN: 1-84407-158-8 paperback
1-84407-157-X hardback
Typesetting by Composition and Design Services, Belarus
Printed and bound in the UK by Bath Press, Bath
Cover design by Ruth Bateson
For a full list of publications please contact:
Earthscan
8–12 Camden High Street
London, NW1 0JH, UK
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.earthscan.co.uk
22883 Quicksilver Drive, Sterling, VA 20166-2012, USA
Earthscan is an imprint of James & James (Science Publishers) Ltd and publishes
in association with the International Institute for Environment and Development
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
has been applied for.
Printed on elemental chlorine-free paper
ENV policy in EU.book Page v Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
List of Contributors viii
List of Sources x
List of Acronyms and Abbreviations xii
Preface xv
Foreword by Catherine Day, Director-General,
DG Environment, European Commission xvii
1 Introduction: European Union Environmental Policy – Actors,
Institutions and Policy Processes
Andrew Jordan 1
Part 1 The Historical and Institutional Context
2 The European Community’s Environmental Policy, 1957 to ‘1992’:
From Incidental Measures to an International Regime?
Philipp M. Hildebrand 19
3 European Union Environmental Policy after the Nice Summit
Andrew Jordan and Jenny Fairbrass 42
Part 2 Actors
4 Strategies of the ‘Green’ Member States in EU Environmental
Policy-making
Duncan Liefferink and Mikael Skou Andersen 49
5 The Role of the European Court of Justice
Ida J. Koppen 67
6 The European Parliament: The European Union’s Environmental
Champion?
Charlotte Burns 87
7 Environmental Groups and the EC: Challenges and Opportunities
Sonia Mazey and Jeremy Richardson 106
Part 3 Policy Dynamics
8 Environmental Rules and Rule-making in the European Union
Albert Weale 125
ENV policy in EU.book Page vi Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
vi Environmental Policy in the European Union
9 Task Expansion: A Theoretical Overview
Anthony R. Zito 141
10 Pace-setting, Foot-dragging and Fence-sitting: Member State
Responses to Europeanization
Tanja A. Börzel 162
Part 4 Making EU Environmental Policy
11 Regulating Biotechnology: Comparing EU and US Approaches
Lee Ann Patterson and Tim Josling 183
12 Institution-building from Below and Above: The European
Community in Global Environmental Politics
Alberta M. Sbragia 201
13 The Hare and the Tortoise Revisited: The New Politics of
Consumer and Environmental Regulation in Europe
David Vogel 225
14 Emissions Trading at Kyoto: From EU Resistance to Union
Innovation
Chad Damro and Pilar Luaces Méndez 253
Part 5 Future Challenges
15 EU Environmental Policy and the Challenges of Eastern
Enlargement
Stacy D. VanDeveer and Jo Ann Carmin 279
16 New Regulatory Approaches in ‘Greening’ EU Policies
Andrea Lenschow 295
17 European Governance and the Transfer of ‘New’ Environmental
Policy Instruments (NEPIs) in the European Union
Andrew Jordan, Rüdiger Wurzel, Anthony R. Zito and Lars Brückner 317
18 European Environmental Policy by Stealth: The Dysfunctionality
of Functionalism?
Albert Weale 336
Further Reading 355
Index 359
ENV policy in EU.book Page vii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
List of Illustrations
Figures
2.1 Factors that Shaped EC Environmental Policy Post-1985 32
10.1 Member State Performance in Downloading
EU Environmental Policies 169
Tables
4.1 Strategies of Influencing EU Environmental Policy 51
5.1 Plaintiffs and Defendants before the European Court of Justice 69
6.1 Political Groups in the European Parliament 88
6.2 The Co-decision Procedure since 1999 95
9.1 The Expansion of European Union Environment Policy 142
11.1 Alternative Models of Biotechnology Regulation 185
11.2 Relationships between Attributes and Label Claims 196
14.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions in the EU (CO , CH , N O) 262
2 4 2
14.2 Primary Common and Co-ordinated Policies and Measures 263
16.1 EPI at the Summits 304
17.1 Theorizing the Transfer of Instruments and Policies within
the EU 321
ENV policy in EU.book Page viii Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
List of Contributors
Tanja Börzel is Professor of Political Science, Institute of Political Science, Univer-
sity of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Email: [email protected]
Lars Brückner works as an environmental affairs adviser for a global ICT (infor-
mation and communication technology) company in Brussels, Belgium.
Email: [email protected]
Charlotte Burns is Lecturer in European Politics, Department of International Pol-
itics, University of Wales at Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth, Wales, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Jo Ann Carmin is Assistant Professor of Environmental Policy and Planning,
Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Chad Damro is Lecturer in Politics, School of Social and Political Studies, Univer-
sity of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Jenny Fairbrass is Lecturer in Business Strategy, School of Management, University
of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Philipp Hildebrand works at the World Economic Forum in Geneva, Switzerland.
Andrew Jordan is Reader in Environmental Politics and Philip Leverhulme Prize
Fellow, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich,
UK.
Email: [email protected]
Tim Josling is Professor Emeritus and Senior Fellow, Stanford Institute for Inter-
national Studies (SIIS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA, and a con-
sultant at Agricola Trade.
Email: [email protected]
Ida Koppen teaches at the University of Siena and the Johns Hopkins University
Bologna Centre. She is also Director of the Sustainability Challenge Founda-
tion.
Email: [email protected]
Andrea Lenschow is Junior Professor in Political Science, University of Osnabrück,
Osnabrück, Germany.
Email: [email protected]
Duncan Liefferink is Senior Researcher, Department of Political Sciences of the
Environment, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Email: [email protected]
Pilar Luaces Méndez is a PhD candidate, Department of Political Science, Univer-
sity of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.
Email: [email protected]
ENV policy in EU.book Page ix Friday, April 29, 2005 4:44 PM
List of Contributors ix
Sonia Mazey is Senior Tutor, Keble College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Email: [email protected]/ac.uk
Lee Ann Patterson is Research Associate, Center for West European Studies, Uni-
versity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, and a consultant at Agricola Trade.
Email: [email protected]
Jeremy Richardson is Emeritus Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford,
Oxford, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Alberta Sbragia is Director, Centre for West European Studies, University of Pitts-
burgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Mikael Skou Andersen works in the Department of Policy Analysis, Danish
National Environmental Research Institute, Rosskilde, Denmark.
Email: [email protected]
Stacy D. VanDeveer is the 2003–2006 Ronald H. O’Neal Associate Professor,
Political Science Department, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New
Hampshire, USA.
Email: [email protected]
David Vogel is George Quist Professor of Business Ethics, Haas School of Business,
University of California at Berkeley, CA, USA.
Email: [email protected].
Albert Weale is Professor of Government, Department of Government, University
of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Rüdiger Wurzel is Senior Lecturer in Politics, Department of Politics and Interna-
tional Studies, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
Email: [email protected]
Anthony Zito is Reader in Politics, School of Geography, Politics and Sociology,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Email: [email protected]