Environmental Materials and Waste. Resource Recovery and Pollution Prevention

725 Pages·2016·46.853 MB·English

by  M.N.V Prasad, Kaimin Shih

Environmental Materials
and Waste
Resource Recovery and Pollution
Prevention
Edited by
M.N.V. Prasad
Kaimin Shih
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List of Contributors
T. Astrup
TechnicalUniversity of Denmark,Lyngby,Denmark
S. Bashir
University ofAgricultureFaisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
P. Beckett
Laurentian University,Sudbury,ON, Canada
I. Bibi
UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabad,Faisalabad,Punjab,Pakistan;SouthernCrossUniversity,
East Lismore, NSW, Australia
E. Bocharnikova
InstituteofPhysical-Chemical and Biological Problems inSoil Science,Pushchino, Russia
N.S. Bolan
University ofNewcastle, Callaghan,NSW,Australia
S.K. Butti
CSIR-Indian Instituteof Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad,Telangana,India
E.N.V.M. Carrilho
Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Carlos, Araras, SP,Brazil
G. Choppala
Southern Cross University,East Lismore,NSW,Australia
S. Chowdhury
Hannam University,Daejeon, RepublicofKorea
A. Demir
Mersin University,Mersin, Turkey
R.A. de Toledo
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University ofMacau, Avenida da
Universidade, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
N.S. Dionisiou
Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
E. Evangelou
HellenicAgriculturalOrganization,InstituteofSoilMappingandClassification,Larissa,Greece
P.J.C. Favas
University ofTra´s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal;MAREeMarineand
Environmental SciencesCentre,University ofCoimbra
Y.Fei
GuangdongInstituteofEco-EnvironmentandSoilSciences,Guangzhou,People’sRepublicof
China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, People’sRepublicofChina
xix
xx List of Contributors
N.Geekiyanage
Kyoto University,Kyoto,Japan; RajarataUniversity,Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
E.R. Graber
Agricultural ResearchOrganization, The Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
D.M.Gurumurthy
Institute ofUrban Environment,Chinese Academy ofSciences, Xiamen,China
J.Harris
Cranfield University,Cranfield,Bedford, United Kingdom
I.Herath
National Instituteof FundamentalStudies, Kandy,Sri Lanka
J.Icenhower
Y.Jayawardhana
National Instituteof FundamentalStudies, Kandy,Sri Lanka
M.Y.Kamogawa
Universidade de Sa˜o Paulo -ESALQ,Piracicaba,SP,Brazil
R.Karunanithi
University ofNewcastle, Callaghan, NSW,Australia
N.Khan
University ofSouthAustralia, Mawson Lakes, SA, Australia
G.-H.Kim
Hannam University,Daejeon, Republicof Korea
J.Koelmel
University ofHyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana,India;USIEF Fulbright-NehruScholar;
Present address:University of Florida, Gainesville, FL,USA
N.Koleli
Mersin University,Mersin, Turkey
G.Koptsik
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia
S.Koptsik
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia
S.Krishnamurthy
ICAR-Indian Institute ofSoil and WaterConservation, Chandigarh,India
A.Kumar
Agricultural ResearchOrganization, The Volcani Center,Bet Dagan,Israel
A.Kumar
Ural FederalUniversity Named After theFirstPresidentofRussia B.N. Yeltsin,Ekaterinburg,
Russia
P.Kumarathilaka
National Instituteof FundamentalStudies, Kandy,Sri Lanka
List of Contributors xxi
A. Kunhikrishnan
NationalAcademy ofAgricultural Science, Wanju-gun,Jeollabuk-do,Republicof Korea
G. Labuto
Universidade Federal de Sa˜o Paulo,Diadema,SP,Brazil
C.-Z.Liao
University ofHong Kong,Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR, China
J. Ling
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University ofMacau, Avenida da
Universidade, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China; SchoolofEnvironmentalScience and Engineering,
GuangdongUniversity ofTechnology,Guangzhou, China
C. Liu
GuangdongInstituteofEco-EnvironmentandSoilSciences,Guangzhou,People’sRepublicof
China; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, People’sRepublicofChina
S.-L.Lo
NationalTaiwan University,Taipei,Taiwan,Republic ofChina (ROC)
P. Longhurst
Cranfield University,Cranfield,Bedford,UnitedKingdom
S.K. Maiti
Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, Jharkhand,India
S. Mandal
University ofSouth Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA,Australia
V.Matichenkov
InstituteofBasic BiologicalProblems, Pushchino,Russia
T. Matsi
Aristotle University ofThessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
S. VenkataMohan
CSIR-Indian Instituteof Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad,Telangana,India
A. Muntoni
University ofCagliari, Cagliari, Italy
B. Murtaza
COMSATS Institute ofInformation and Technology,Vehari,Pakistan
G. Murtaza
University ofAgricultureFaisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
R. Naidu
University ofNewcastle, Callaghan,NSW,Australia;Cooperative Research Centre for
Contamination Assessment and Remediation oftheEnvironment,Callaghan,NSW,Australia
M.F.Nawaz
University ofAgricultureFaisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
T. Naz
University ofAgricultureFaisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
xxii List of Contributors
N.K. Niazi
UniversityofAgricultureFaisalabad,Faisalabad,Punjab,Pakistan;SouthernCrossUniversity,
East Lismore,NSW,Australia
Y.S. Ok
Kangwon NationalUniversity,Chuncheon,Korea
R.K. Patel
National Instituteof Technology,Rourkela, Odisha, India
A.Polettini
University ofRome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
R.Pomi
University ofRome “La Sapienza,” Rome, Italy
M.N.V.Prasad
Ural FederalUniversity Named After theFirstPresidentofRussia B.N. Yeltsin,Ekaterinburg,
Russia; University ofHyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana,India
D.Rakshit
University ofCalcutta,Calcutta, WestBengal, India
M.K.Sahu
National Instituteof Technology,Rourkela, Odisha, India
C.Saint
University ofSouthAustralia, Adelaide,SA,Australia
S.K. Sarkar
University ofCalcutta,Calcutta, WestBengal, India
I.J.Schreiter
Technische Universita¨tDarmstadt,Darmstadt,Hessen, Germany
C.Schu¨th
Technische Universita¨tDarmstadt,Darmstadt,Hessen, Germany
B.Seshadri
University ofNewcastle, Callaghan, NSW,Australia
M.Shahid
COMSATS Instituteof Information andTechnology,Vehari,Pakistan
M.B.Shakoor
University ofAgriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab,Pakistan
K.Shih
University ofHong Kong,Hong Kong, Hong KongSAR, China
H.Shim
Department ofCivil and EnvironmentalEngineering, University ofMacau, Avenida da
Universidade,Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
G.Spiers
M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University,Moscow,Russia;LaurentianUniversity,Sudbury,
ON, Canada
List of Contributors xxiii
A. Surapaneni
SouthEast Water,Melbourne, VIC, Australia
A. Szogi
UnitedStates Department ofAgriculture, Florence, SC, United States
Tripti
UralFederal University Named Afterthe First PresidentofRussia B.N.Yeltsin,Ekaterinburg,
Russia
C.D. Tsadilas
HellenicAgriculturalOrganization,InstituteofSoilMappingandClassification,Larissa,Greece
L. Tsechansky
Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center,Bet Dagan, Israel
V.K. Tyagi
The Energy and Resources Institute(TERI) University,New Delhi,India
T. Van Gerven
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
A. Van Zomeren
Energy Research Centreof The Netherlands(ECN),Petten,The Netherlands
G. Velvizhi
CSIR-Indian Instituteof Chemical Technology (CSIR-IICT), Hyderabad,Telangana,India
P. Venkatachalam
Periyar University,Salem,TamilNadu, India
M. Vithanage
NationalInstituteofFundamentalStudies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
H. Wang
Zhejiang A &F University, Lin’an, Hangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,China; Guangdong Dazhong
Agriculture Science Co.Ltd.,Dongguan,China
A. Wefer-Roehl
Technische Universita¨t Darmstadt,Darmstadt,Hessen, Germany
J.C. White
The Connecticut Agricultural ExperimentStation, NewHaven,CT,United States
H. Wijesekara
University ofNewcastle, Callaghan,NSW,Australia
H. Yan
University ofHong Kong,Hong Kong,Hong Kong SAR, China
F.Zhao
InstituteofUrban Environment, Chinese Academy ofSciences, Xiamen,China
Foreword
Environmental sustainability is an essential aspect of sustainable development. In 2015, the United
Nations adopted 17 sustainable development goals (see Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development, United Nations, 2015). Within these goals appear several phrases that
relate to this book on environmental materials and waste: “sustainable management of water,” “sus-
tainableindustrialization,”“makecitiessustainable,”“ensuresustainableconsumptionandproduction
patterns,”“sustainableuseofterrestrialecosystems,”and“haltandreverselanddegradation.”Thecon-
tributorstothisbookareaddressingimportantenvironmentalsustainabilityissuesthatrelatetothesus-
tainability goals.
Environmentalconsiderationsinthemanagement ofwastearegrowinginimportancebecauseof
populationgrowthandincreasingproductionofawidevarietyofproducts.Thisbookaddressesmany
topics thatare essential toincludeinefforts toadvance environmental sustainability.
Landandwaterhavebeenaffectedbywasteformanyyears,andthereareportionsoftheearththat
areinneedofreclamation.Theproblemsaddressedincludethemanagementofwastesthatarebeing
generated daily as well as the reclamation of land that has been contaminated by past practices.
Resource recovery includes the beneficial materials from waste so they can be used again to make
new products. Historically landfills have been used to deposit waste; however, it is becoming more
important to recycle, recover materials, and reuse them to reduce the amount of land that is being
used as landfills. If by-products can be incorporated into soil to improve soil quality or used for
mine site restoration, this is much better than adding to a landfill. The chapters in this book address
anumberofcomplexissuesencompassingrecoveryofresourcesfrombiowasteforpollutionpreven-
tion, biochar production from biowaste and municipal solid waste for environmental protection and
sustainableagricultureproduction,useofbiowastesforminesiterehabilitation,biodieselproduction
fromwastewater,energyandmanurerecoveryfromsludge,andresourcerecoveryfromminingindus-
try waste. These aspects have interest and applicationin manyparts oftheworld.
Realsolutionsexistformanyofthewastemanagementissuesthatwehavetoday,anditisbene-
ficial to provide information on successful approaches that have application in many locations.
Disseminationoftheseadvancescanaddresssignificantenvironmentalchallengesrelatedtoenviron-
mentalsustainability.
Larry E. Erickson
Professor of ChemicalEngineering andDirector
Centerfor Hazardous Substance Research
Kansas State University
Manhattan,KS, USA
[email protected]
xxv
Preface
Concernsabouttheenvironmentaregrowinginthewakeofclimatechange.Inthisregard,“environmental
sustainability”isgloballyimportantinthecontemporaryworld.Awidevarietyofnaturalresourcesis
beingheavilyexploitedtomeetthedemandsofaworldwidegrowingpopulationandeconomy.Despite
technologicaldevelopments,pressureonnaturalcapitalofresourcesisconstantlyincreasing.Thus,the
efficient recovery and processing of resources for recycling is becoming significant worldwide.
Awarenessandopportunitiestoobtainvaluableresourcesfromprocessandbleedstreamsareofpara-
mountimportanceinrecenttimes.Thiswouldcreaterevenueandachieveenvironmentalsustainability.
Thesustainable recovery ofenvironmental materialincluding wastewater offerstremendousnew
benefits.Thevariouschapterspresentedinthisbookcenteronhowstudiesonenvironmentalmaterials
andwastecanfacilitatetherecoveryofresourcestopreventenvironmentalpollution.Thecollectionof
chapters brings together recent findings and state-of-the-art developments in resource recovery and
pollutionprevention.
Therefore, thevariouschaptersreinforcetheimportanceofmultiple R’s,suchasRecycle,Reuse,
Remediation, Reclamation, Renovation, Replenish, Resilience, Reverence for nature, and Rainwater
harvest,which are being increasingly valued inmanyparts of theworld.
Soundpoliciesandaffordabletechnologiesarerequiredforresourcerecoveryfromwastematerials
topreventenvironmentalpollution.Thecontemporaryworldisoverloadedwithawidearrayofwaste.
Handlingwasteisabigissueacrosstheworld,andthusthereisastrongneedtoaddresssuchachal-
lengeinwastemanagement.Forexample,thenewinnovationwaveofbiovalorizationofbiowastefor
biomaterials andbiofuels is rapidlyexpanding.
xxvii
xxviii Preface
Chapters1through7dealwiththerecoveryofresourcesfrombiowaste,vinasseasaresource,the
useofbiowastesformine siterehabilitation,theapplicationofbiochar produced frombiowastema-
terials for environmental protection and sustainable agriculture, the use of biochar produced from
organicwastesforpollutantcleanupundersite-specific conditions,municipal solidwasteeproduced
biocharappliedtopreventlandfillleachatepollution,andtherecoveryofmetalionsbybiocharderived
frombiowastes.
Chapters 8 through 10 cover the use of wastewater to produce bioenergy, biodiesel production
using oleaginousyeast and microalgae, the use ofsludgeas manure.
Chromitewasteminimizationanduse,includingresourcerecoveryofchromiumslag,arecovered
inChapters 11 and12.
Asbestosindustrywastemanagementandtheresourcerecoverypotentialofnaturalandsynthetic
gypsum waste are dealtwith inChapters 13 and 14, respectively.
Chapters15through18discussfluxesofmetalliferouswasteinIndia,withpossiblestrategiesfor
the recovery and prevention of pollution, resource recovery from wastewater and electronic waste
basedonextracellularelectrontransfer;acidminedrainagefromabandonedminesofnorthPortugal:
hydrochemistry, resource recovery and prevention of pollution; and landscape restoration in nickel-
processing affected areas.
ThebeneficialuseofredmudmaterialfortheceramicindustryiscoveredinChapters19and20.
Clay minerals, zeolite for nutrient stripping from wastewater streams, and surfactant-modified
zeolites for inorganic pollutant (anion) removal from natural water and wastewater are covered in
Chapters 21through23.
Chapters24and25aredevotedtothereuseoftreatedincinerationbottomashandcoalflyashfor
boron management insoils andwastewaters.
Chapters 26 and 27 are devoted to the crystallization of struvite and its analog (K-struvite) for
nutrient recovery fromwaste streams.
Thisbookisthecollectiveeffortof89contributorsfrom20countries/regions:Australia,Belgium,
Brazil,Canada,China,Denmark,Germany,Greece,HongKong,India,Israel,Italy,Macau,Pakistan,
People’sRepublicofChina,Portugal,RepublicofKorea,Russia,SriLanka,TheNetherlands,Turkey,
United Kingdom and United States.
The book provides comprehensive and new information about resource recovery from environ-
mental andwaste materials toreduce environmental pollution.
Moreover,asapioneeringattempttolinkresourcerecoverywithin-depthenvironmentalmaterials
studies,wethinkthecomprehensiveexamplesinthisbookwillinspiremorenewstrategiesandtech-
nologies toachievesustainableand environmentallyfriendlydevelopments.
Otheruniquefeaturesofthisbookinclude:(1)substantialcolorfigures,flowdiagrams,tables,and
key literature; (2) a main focus on the strategies of using waste materials; (3) highlights of feasible
options in establishing large-scale installations for resource recovery and energy production
operations.