Environmental Engineering

510 Pages·2003·12.15 MB·English

by  Robin Matthews

Ruth F. Weiner and Robin Matthews
Updated e d iti o n of Environmental Engineering, previousI y c o - a ut ho red
by J. Jeffrey Peirce and P. Aarne Vesilind.
FOURTH EDITION
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Fourth Edition
ENVIRONMENTAL
ENGINEERING
Fourth Edition
Ruth E Weiner
Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Sciences
University of Michigan
Ann Arbor; MI
and
Robin A. Matthews
Huxley College of Environmental Studies
Western Washington University
Bellingham, WA
I$=E =I =N =E M A N N
An inlprht of Elsevier science
www.bh.com
Amsterdam Boston London New York Oxford Paris San Diego
San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo
Butterworth-Heinemanni s an imprint of Elsevier Science.
Copyright Q 2003, Elsevier Science (USA).A ll rights reserved.
Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science t Technology Rights
Department in Oxford, UK: phone: [phone],f ax: ([phone],
e-mail: permissionsQelsevier.corn.uk. You may also complete your request on-line via
the Elsevier Science homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support”
and then “Obtaining Permissions.”
@ Recognizing the importance of preserving what has been written, Elsevier-Science prints its
books on acid-free paper whenever possible.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationD ata
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
International Standard Book Number: 0750672943
British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationD ata
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
The publisher offers special discounts on bulk orders of this book.
For information, please contact:
Manager of Special Sales
Elsevier Science
200 Wheeler Road
Burlington, MA 01 803
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
For information on all Butterworth-Heinemannp ublications available, contact our World Wide
Web home page at: http:l/www.bh.com
03 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
To Hubert Joy, Geojky Matthews,
and Natalie Weiner
Contents
Preface xiii
1 Environmental Engineering 1
Civil Engineering 1
Public Health 4
Ecology 5
Ethics 7
Environmental Engineering as a Profession 10
Organization of This Text 10
2 Assessing Environmental Impact 13
Environmental Impact 13
Use of Risk Analysis in EnvironmentalA ssessment 23
Socioeconomic Impact Assessment 24
Conclusion 29
Problems 30
3 RiskAnalysis 33
Risk 33
Assessment of Risk 34
Probability 35
Dose-Response Evaluation 38
Population Responses 40
Exposure and Latency 40
Expression of Risk 41
Risk Perception 46
Ecosystem Risk Assessment 47
Conclusion 47
Problems 47
4 Water Pollution 51
Sources of Water Pollution 51
Elements of Aquatic Ecology 54
Biodegradation 57
vii