Table Of ContentEnvironmental Contamination and Remediation
Practices at Former and Present Military Bases
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Series 2: Environmental Security - Vol. 48
Environmental Contamination
and Remediation Practices at
Former and Present Military
Bases
edited by
F. Fonnum
VISTA and Norwegian Defence Research Establishment,
Kjeller, Norway
B. Paukstys
Hydrogeological Company "Grata",
Vilnius, Lithuania
B. A. Zeeb and K. J. Reimer
Environmental Sciences Group,
Royal Military College of Canada,
Kingston, Ontario, Canada
Springer Science+Business Media, B.V.
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at
Former and Present Military Bases
Vilnius, Lithuania
October 12-17,1997
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-0-7923-5248-8 ISBN 978-94-011-5304-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-5304-1
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1998
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo
copying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
CONTENTS
Preface .............................................................................................................................. ix
Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................... Xl
Workshop Summary .................................................................................................... Xll1
STRATEGIES A:\,D RISK ASSESS:v1E:\'T
Environmental Contamination and Remediation Practices at Former
and Active :\lilitary Bases. German Experiences
B.-A. Szclinski ......................................... . .. ............................................... 1
General Environmental Situation, Risk Assessment and Remediation of
Former Military Sites in East Germany
V. Ennisch. P. Schuldt .................................. . .. ......... 13
Current and Future Research and Development Projects of The Federal
:Vlinistryfor the Environment on Contaminated :Vlilitary Sites
Silvia Rcppe .................................................................................. . . .......... 33
Environmental Risk Assessment and Management in Evaluation of
Contaminated :V1ilitary Site. A Canadian Approach
KJ. Reimcr. B.A. Zceb ....................................................................................... .41
Swedish Guidance on the Procedure for the Investigation and Risk
Classification of Urban and Industrially Contaminated Areas
Dag Fredriksson ................................................................................................... 57
Environmental Situation and Remediation Plans of Military Sites in Latvia
Dzidra Hadonina ................................................................................................. 63
Strategy for Investigations and Remediation of a Polluted :\'orwegian
.\'avel Base
A. Johnsen ............................................................................................................ 71
Chemical Aspects of Environmental Contamination at Military Sites
S. NetIc ................................................................................................................. 83
VI
Us Environmental Protection Agency's Baltic Technical Assistance
Program: from Capacity Building to Environmental Security
Vacys J. Saulys ...................................................................................................... 93
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
Results of Mass Transport Modelling at some Wellfields and Former
Soviet Military Bases in Lithuania
M. Gregorauskas ................................................................................................. 103
Mass Transport Modelling in Groundwater Studies. Achievements of
Latvian Scientists
A. Spalvins .......................................................................................................... 123
GIS and Mathematical Modelling for the Assessment of Vulnerability and
Geographical Zoning for Groundwater Management and Protection
lOaD Paulo Lobo-Ferreira .................................................................................... 143
Modelling of Oil and Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Saturated and
Unsaturated Zones at the Military base in Milovice
Vaelav BeneS. Veldav Elias.. ............................................................................... 171
A;\,ALYSIS AND MOl\'ITORING
How to Map Hydrocarbon Contamination of Groundwater Without
Analysing for Organics. A study of Oil Contamination of Soil and
Groundwater at Viestura Prospekts Former Military Fuel Storage Depot,
Riga, Latvia
D. Banks. L. Baulins. A. Lacis. G. Sichovs. A. Misund .................................... 181
Monitoring a Diesel Spill at Skoddebergvatn Military Site ;\'orthern Norway
A. Misund ............................................................................................................ 197
Impact of Military Contamination on Quality of Potable Water Resources
V. luodkazis. B. Paukstys ................................................................................... 209
Bioassays Used for Detection of Ecotoxicity at Contaminated Areas
B. Rojiekov;l, B. Marsalek. B. Dutka. R. Mclnnis ............................................. 227
Compatibility of Groundwater Sampling and Laboratory Techniques.
Some Practical Aspects of Investigations at Military Sites
S . .Tanulcvieius .................................................................................................... 233
Vll
REMEDIATION TECHNIQUES
Advanced Methods for the In-Situ Remediation of Contaminated Soil and
Groundwater
Joseph A. Pezzullo ............................................................................................ 239
Groundwater Contamination Clean Up-Reality or Illusion'!
Bjame Madsen.......... . .................................................................................... 257
Remediation Practice at a Former :\lissile Base in Latvia
H. Whittaker, D. Cooper, R. Whittaker, .I. Avotins, V. Kokars, .I. \1a Ie rs ,
.I. Millers. S. Millers, S. Valtere. Dz. Zarina. ........................ . ......... 267
Implications of Selected Bacterial Strains for Contamination of Oil
Pollutants in Soil and Water
S. Grigiskis, V. Cipinyte ... 277
Remediation of Suil and Groundwater at Air Bases Pulluted with Oil,
Chlorinated Hydrucarbuns and Combat Chemicals
Jan Svoma, F. Hercik ..... . ................................................ 283
Remedial Technulogies Applied at Sliac - Vlkanova, a Former Suviet
:\lilitary Installation
Elena F atulova ............................................... 2~
Remediatiun of Polluted Environment at :'laval Ports of the Baltic Sea
Olavi Tammemiie . ................................................. 305
A Proposal for a Decision Flow Chart fur the Selectiun of Technologies for
the Rehabilitation of Polluted Aquifers
Teresa E. Leitao ............................................................................................... 313
Investigation and Remediation of Former Military Fuel Storage of
Valciunaia (Lithuania)
N. SeiIYs ... . ................................................................................ 323
Dumped Ammunition in Mine Shafts. Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of
Two Mine Shafts at Dalkarsberg. A Repository for Decommissioned
Ammunition and Other Explosives
.l.G. Holmen. U. Qvarf0I1. B. Liljedahl ..... . ....... 329
:'Iuclear Accidents and Radionuclide Transport
M. Krosshavn and F. Fonnum .. . ........ 343
Vlll
Migration Processes of Radionuclides in Terrestrial Ecosystems of Ukraine
N. V. Golovko, A. N. Rozko and T.1. Koromyslichcnko ................................... 355
Index ............................................................................................................................... 363
PREFACE
NATO Advanced Research Workshop on "Environmental Contamination and
Remediation Practices at Former and Present Military Bases was held on 12-17 October
1997 at the "Villon" hotel in Vilnius, Lithuania. The ARW was co-directed by
professor, dr. Frode Fonnum, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment and dr.
Bernardas Paukstys, Hydrogeological Company "Grota"Nilnius University, Lithuania.
45 scientists from 10 NATO, 8 Co-operation Partner countries and Sweden
participated at the ARW. 19 scientists made 17 keynote, 1 hour presentations*, 17
participants presented short, 15 minute papers and video material on military
contamination in Latvia and Estonia was shown. The president of the Academy of
Sciences of Lithuania, Member of Parliament and representatives from the ministries of
Defence, Environmental Protection and Foreign Affairs extended their welcome
greetings at the Opening Session.
Four main topics were discussed at the scientific sessions: i) general aspects of military
contamination (5 keynote presentations and 4 participant contributions), ii) risk
assessment and modelling (3 keynote and 3 participant papers), iii) modern clean-up
methods and technologies (3 keynote and 5 participant contributions) and iiii) regional
case studies (6 keynote and 5 participant papers). Characteristic feature of scientific
sessions was an active participation of attendees in discussions after each presentation,
Willingness to share available knowledge and to learn more from each other. The papers
from the majority of the ARW participants were collected before the meeting, bind into
two volumes of the Workshop proceedings and included into information package.
Papers brought by the attendees to the meeting, were copied and distributed to all
participants.
A field trip was organised on 15 October. Participants visited former military fuel base
of Valciunai and Vilnius Oil Storage. The remediation of contaminated groundwater is
being carried out at both sites by the "Grota" company. More than 250 tons of liquid
oil products was recovered in 9 months from Valciunai site and 2300 tons of oil was
extracted at Vilnius oil base since 1989. The ARW participants were able to observe
the remediation procedure, discuss its advantages and drawbacks. The site visit helped
to more clearly understand the extent of military contamination.
It was agreed by all the ARW attendees that the meeting was a success as a lot of new
scientific and practical issues were presented. An atmosphere for active professional
discussions was created which developed new ideas. Clear proposals for further co
operation was established and included into Recommendations, and also personal
contacts between the scientists were made which, hopefully, will lead to mutually
beneficial co-operation in future.
IX
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to thank NATO Science Committee and its Programme Director L Veiga
da Cunha for the support which made this meeting possible. We also extend our thanks
to the Norwegian Foreign Affairs for a generous economic support.
On behalf of all the participants we extend our thanks to our Lithuanian colleagues
and to the Hydrological Company "Grota" for their superb effort in hosting the meeting.
We also like to thank the other members of the organizing committee, Professor
Vytautas Juocikazis, Lithuania, Dr Vaclav Elia~, Czec Republic and Algomantas
Kulanovas, Lithuania.
For administrative support we are indepted to Norwegian Defence Research
Establishment and Lithuanian Academy of Sciences.
In preparation of this book we are grateful to Deborah Reimer, Kari Skovli,
Rannveig Leken, Gro Tunhevd and Bente Persen Steihaug for secretarial assistance.
Xl
