Table Of ContentGeophysical Monograph Series
Geophysical Monograph Series
206 Remote Sensing of the Terrestrial Water Cycle Venkat 231 Bioenergy and Land Use Change Zhangcai Qin, Umakant
Lakshmi (Ed.) Mishra, and Astley Hastings (Eds.)
207 Magnetotails in the Solar System Andreas Keiling, 232 Microstructural Geochronology: Planetary Records Down
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208 Hawaiian Volcanoes: From Source to Surface Rebecca Darling, Steven Reddy, and Kimberly Tait (Eds.)
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212 The Early Earth: Accretion and Differentiation James Scheidt, Lewis Li, and Jef Caers (Eds.)
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213 Global Vegetation Dynamics: Concepts and Applications 238 Geological Carbon Storage: Subsurface Seals and Caprock
in the MC1 Model Dominique Bachelet and David Integrity Stephanie Vialle, Jonathan Ajo-Franklin, and J.
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214 Extreme Events: Observations, Modeling and 239 Lithospheric Discontinuities Huaiyu Yuan and Barbara
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Urrutia-Fucugauchi (Eds.) 240 Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Eras
215 Auroral Dynamics and Space Weather Yongliang Zhang Alcides N.Sial, Claudio Gaucher, Muthuvairavasamy
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217 Deep Earth: Physics and Chemistry of the Lower Mantle Challou (Eds.)
and Core Hidenori Terasaki and Rebecca A. Fischer (Eds.) 242 Ore Deposits: Origin, Exploration, and Exploitation
218 Integrated Imaging of the Earth: Theory and Applications Sophie Decree and Laurence Robb (Eds.)
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222 Magnetosphere‐Ionosphere Coupling in the Solar System Andrea Festa, and Gian Andrea Pini (Eds.)
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224 Hydrodynamics of Time‐Periodic Groundwater Flow: 249 Carbon in Earth’s Interior Craig E. Manning, Jung-Fu Lin,
Diffusion Waves in Porous Media Joe S. Depner and Todd and Wendy L. Mao (Eds.)
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229 Water-Energy‐Food Nexus – Principles and Practices 253 El Niño Southern Oscillation in a Changing Climate
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230 Dawn–Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma
Environments Stein Haaland, Andrei Rounov, and Colin
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Geophysical Monograph 255
Large Igneous Provinces
A Driver of Global Environmental and
Biotic Changes
Edited by
Richard E. Ernst
Alexander J. Dickson
Andrey Bekker
This open access Work is a co‐publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
This open access Work is a co‐publication of the American Geophysical Union and John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and the American
Geophysical Union, 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009
© 2021 The Authors
This is an open access publication under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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asserted in accordance with law.
Published under the aegis of the AGU Publications Committee
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Carol Frost, Chair, Publications Committee
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: Ernst, Richard, editor.
Title: Large igneous provinces : a driver of global environmental and
biotic changes / edited by Richard Ernst, Andrey
Bekker, Alexander J. Dickson.
Description: First edition. | Hoboken : Wiley, 2020. | Series: Geophysical
monograph series | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020025916 (print) | LCCN 2020025917 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119507451 (cloth) | ISBN 9781119507475 (adobe pdf) | ISBN
9781119507499 (epub)
Subjects: LCSH: Global environmental change. | Climatic changes.
Classification: LCC GE145 .L37 2020 (print) | LCC GE145 (ebook) | DDC
363.738/74072014–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025916
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020025917
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Image: Lava flow and sulfur emissions from the 2014-15 Bárðarbunga-Veiðivötn fissure eruption at Holuhraun (Iceland).
Taken from Icelandic Coast Guard helicopter by Anja Schmidt, 21 January 2015.
Set in 10/12pt Times New Roman by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CONTENTS
List of Contributors ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������vii
Preface ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������xi
Part I: The Temporal Record of Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs)
1� Large Igneous Province Record Through Time and Implications for Secular Environmental
Changes and Geological Time-Scale Boundaries
Richard E. Ernst, David P. G. Bond, Shuan-Hong Zhang, Kenneth L. Buchan,
Stephen E. Grasby, Nasrrddine Youbi, Hafida El Bilali, Andrey Bekker, and Luc S. Doucet ................................3
2� Radiometric Constraints on the Timing, Tempo, and Effects of Large Igneous Province Emplacement
Jennifer Kasbohm, Blair Schoene, and Seth Burgess ......................................................................................27
Part II: Environmental Impacts of LIP Emplacement
3� Global Warming and Mass Extinctions Associated With Large Igneous Province Volcanism
David P. G. Bond and Yadong Sun ................................................................................................................85
4� Environmental Effects of Volcanic Volatile Fluxes From Subaerial Large Igneous Provinces
Tamsin A. Mather and Anja Schmidt ...........................................................................................................103
5� Assessing the Environmental Consequences of the Generation and Alteration of Mafic
Volcaniclastic Deposits During Large Igneous Province Emplacement
Benjamin Black, Tushar Mittal, Francesca Lingo, Kristina Walowski, and Andres Hernandez ........................117
6� Environmental Impact of Silicic Magmatism in Large Igneous Province Events
Scott E. Bryan .............................................................................................................................................133
7� Evaluating the Relationship Between the Area and Latitude of Large Igneous Provinces and
Earth’s Long-Term Climate State
Yuem Park, Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, Lorraine E. Lisiecki, and Francis A. Macdonald ..............................153
8� Preliminary Appraisal of a Correlation Between Glaciations and Large Igneous Provinces Over
the Past 720 Million Years
Nasrrddine Youbi, Richard E. Ernst, Ross N. Mitchell, Moulay A. Boumehdi,
Warda El Moume, Abdelhak Ait Lahna, Mohamed K. Bensalah, Ulf Söderlund,
Miguel Doblas, and Colombo C. G.Tassinari ...............................................................................................169
9� Phanerozoic Large Igneous Province, Petroleum System, and Source Rock Links
Steven C. Bergman, James S. Eldrett, and Daniel Minisini ............................................................................191
v
vi Contents
Part III: Geochemical Proxies for the Environmental Effects of LIPs
10� The Osmium Isotope Signature of Phanerozoic Large Igneous Provinces
Alexander J. Dickson, Anthony S. Cohen, and Marc Davies .........................................................................231
11� Sedimentary Mercury Enrichments as a Tracer of Large Igneous Province Volcanism
Lawrence M. E. Percival, Bridget A. Bergquist, Tamsin A. Mather, and Hamed Sanei ....................................247
12� Platinum Group Element Traces of CAMP Volcanism Associated With Low‐Latitude
Environmental and Biological Disruptions
Jessica H. Whiteside, Paul E. Olsen, Sean T. Kinney, and Mohammed Et‐Touhami ........................................263
13� Assessing the Effect of Large Igneous Provinces on Global Oceanic Redox Conditions
Using Non-traditional Metal Isotopes (Molybdenum, Uranium, Thallium)
Brian Kendall, Morten B. Andersen, and Jeremy D. Owens ..........................................................................305
14� Marine Anoxia and Ocean Acidification During the End‐Permian Extinction:
An Integrated View From δ238U and δ44/40Ca Proxies and Earth System Modeling
Ying Cui, Feifei Zhang, Jiuyuan Wang, Shijun Jiang, and Shuzhong Shen ......................................................325
15� Trends in Ocean S‐Isotopes May Be Influenced by Major LIP Events
Ross. R. Large, Jeffrey A. Steadman, Indrani Mukherjee, Ross Corkrey, Patrick Sack,
and Trevor R. Ireland ..................................................................................................................................341
16� Marcasite at the Permian‐Triassic Transition: A Potential Indicator of Hydrosphere Acidification
Elena Lounejeva, Jeffrey A. Steadman, Thomas Rodemann, Ross R. Large, Leonid
Danyushevsky, Daniel Mantle, Kliti Grice, and Thomas J. Algeo ...................................................................377
Part IV: Phanerozoic and Proterozoic Case Histories
17� The Monterey Event and the Paleocene‐Eocene Thermal Maximum: Two Contrasting
Oceanic Carbonate System Responses to LIP Emplacement and Eruption
Tali L. Babila and Gavin L. Foster .................................................................................................................403
18� Permian Large Igneous Provinces and Their Paleoenvironmental Effects
Jun Chen and Yi‐Gang Xu ...........................................................................................................................417
19� Was the Kalkarindji Continental Flood Basalt Province a Driver of Environmental
Change at the Dawn of the Phanerozoic?
Peter E. Marshall, Luke E. Faggetter, and Mike Widdowson ..........................................................................435
20� Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and Anoxia Events in “The Boring Billion”
Shuan‐Hong Zhang, Richard E. Ernst, Jun‐Ling Pei, Yue Zhao, and Guo‐Hui Hu ..........................................449
21� Breaking the Boring Billion: A Case for Solid‐Earth Processes as Drivers of System‐Scale
Environmental Variability During the Mid‐Proterozoic
Charles W. Diamond, Richard E. Ernst, Shuan‐Hong Zhang, and Timothy W. Lyons .....................................487
Index ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������503
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Abdelhak Ait Lahna Moulay A. Boumehdi
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences‐Semlalia, Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences‐Semlalia,
Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; and
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade De Ciências,
Thomas J. Algeo Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
Department of Geology, University of Cincinnati,
Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Scott E. Bryan
State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences,
Mineral Resources, and State Key Laboratory of Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane,
Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China Queensland, Australia
University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
Kenneth L. Buchan
273 Fifth Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Morten B. Andersen
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University,
Seth Burgess
Cardiff, United Kingdom
United States Geological Survey, Volcano Science
Center, Menlo Park, California, USA
Tali L. Babila
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University
Jun Chen
of Southampton Waterfront Campus, National
State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry,
Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton,
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese
United Kingdom
Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
Andrey Bekker
Anthony S. Cohen
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences,
Department of Environment, Earth and Ecosystems,
University of California, Riverside, California, USA; and
The Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
Department of Geology, University of Johannesbrug,
South Africa
Ross Corkrey
Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of
Mohamed K. Bensalah Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences‐Semlalia,
Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; and Ying Cui
Instituto Dom Luiz, Faculdade de Ciências, Department of Earth and Environmental Studies,
Universidade De Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal Montclair State University, Montclair,
New Jersey, USA
Steven C. Bergman
SCB Geosciences, Vashon, Washington, USA Leonid Danyushevsky
CODES Centre for Ore Deposits and Earth Science,
Bridget A. Bergquist University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Ontario, Canada Marc Davies
School of Geography, Earth and Environmental
Benjamin Black Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United
City University of New York Graduate School and Kingdom
University Center, New York, New York, USA
Charles W. Diamond
David P. G. Bond Department of Earth Sciences and NASA Astrobiology
Department of Geography, Geology and Environment, Institute, University of California Riverside, Riverside,
University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom California, USA
vii
viii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Alexander J. Dickson Andres Hernandez
Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway City University of New York Graduate School and
University of London, Egham, United Kingdom University Center, New York, New York, USA
Miguel Doblas Guo‐Hui Hu
Instituto de Geociencias (CSIC‐UCM), Ciudad Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy
Universitaria, Madrid, Spain of Geological Sciences, Beijing, China; and
Key Laboratory of Paleomagnetism and Tectonic
Luc S. Doucet Reconstruction, Ministry of Natural Resources,
TIGeR School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Curtin Beijing, China
University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Trevor R. Ireland
Hafida El Bilali Research School of Earth Sciences, Australian National
Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Shijun Jiang
Warda El Moume Institute of Groundwater and Earth Sciences, Jinan
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences‐Semlalia, University, Guangzhou, China
Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; and
Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibnou Jennifer Kasbohm
Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco Department of Geosciences, Princeton University,
Princeton, New Jersey, USA
James S. Eldrett
Shell International Exploration & Production B.V., Brian Kendall
Rijswijk, The Netherlands Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences,
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
Richard E. Ernst
Department of Earth Sciences, Carleton University, Sean T. Kinney
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and Lamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia
Faculty of Geology and Geography, Tomsk State University, Palisades, New York, USA
University, Tomsk, Russian Federation
Ross R. Large
Mohammed Et‐Touhami CODES Centre for Ore Deposits and Earth Science,
2GPMH, Département des Sciences de la Terre, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Université Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
Francesca Lingo
Luke E. Faggetter City College of New York, New York, USA
School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds,
Leeds, United Kingdom Lorraine E. Lisiecki
Department of Earth Science, University of California,
Gavin L. Foster Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
School of Ocean and Earth Science, University
of Southampton Waterfront Campus, National Elena Lounejeva
Oceanography Centre Southampton, Southampton, CODES Centre for Ore Deposits and Earth Science,
United Kingdom University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Stephen E. Grasby Timothy W. Lyons
Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary, Alberta, Department of Earth Sciences and NASA Astrobiology
Canada Institute, University of California Riverside, Riverside,
California, USA
Kliti Grice
Western Australian Organic and Isotope Geochemistry Francis A. Macdonald
Centre, School of Earth and Planetary Science, Curtin Department of Earth Science, University of California,
University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
