Environmental Change, Adaptation and Migration: Bringing in the Region

313 Pages·2015·4.364 MB·English

by  Felicitas Hillmann, Marie Pahl, Birte Rafflenbeul, Harald Sterly (eds.)

Environmental Change, Adaptation and Migration

Environmental Change,
Adaptation and Migration
Bringing in the Region
Editedby
Felicitas Hillmann
Professor,TechnischeUniversitätBerlinandIRS(InstituteforRegional
DevelopmentandStructuralPlanning),Germany
Marie Pahl
ResearchAssociate,UniversityofCologne,Germany
Birte Rafflenbeul
ResearchAssociate,UniversityofCologne,Germany
Harald Sterly
ScientificCoordinator,UniversityofCologne,Germany
Selection,introduction,conclusionandeditorialmatter©Felicitas
Hillmann,MariePahl,BirteRafflenbeulandHaraldSterly2015
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Contents
ListofIllustrations x
Preface xii
Acknowledgements xiv
NotesonContributors xv
Introduction:(Re-)locatingtheNexusofMigration,
EnvironmentalChangeandAdaptation 1
FelicitasHillmann,MariePahl,BirteRafflenbeulandHaraldSterly
Threepitfallsunderconsideration:Disastersonly,blurred
terminologiesandjumpingscales 2
Adaptationandresilienceinthecontextofclimatechange 6
Thesocial,thetemporalandthespatialthrougharegionallens 7
Previewofthepresentedchapters 11
Part I FramingtheDebate
1 ClimateMobilitiesfromaHumanGeographyPerspective:
ConsideringtheSpatialDimensionsofClimateChange 21
JohannesHerbeck
Introduction:Climatechange–Betweenglobaltrendandlocal
manifestation 21
Placesandregions–Centralspatialcategoriesinclimate
changeresearch 24
Imaginativegeographiesofclimatemobilities 29
Climatemobilitiesinaspatialperspective–Translocalityasa
conceptualloophole? 33
2 HumanMobilityandAdaptation:ReducingSusceptibility
toClimaticStressorsandMainstreaming 41
KokoWarner,JuanHoffmaisterandAndreaMilan
Introduction 41
Understandinghumanmobilityasaclimaterisk
managementstrategy 42
v
vi Contents
Thekeytoknowingwhethermigrationcontributes
toorundermineshumanwelfare 43
Mainstreaminghumanmobilityindecision-making
andimplementationofadaptation 47
Challengesandreflectionsformainstreaminghumanmobility
withinadaptationpolicies 49
Conclusions 53
Part II UnderstandingRegionalVulnerabilities
3 “MigrationasAdaptation”:NewPerspectiveforMigration
ResearchorDead-End? 59
SabineDorlöchter-Sulser
Introduction 59
Theadaptationconcept 60
MigrationintheSahelandthecase-studycharacteristics 62
Researchmethodology 65
Researchresults 65
Conclusions 73
4 MigrationandSocialProtectionasAdaptationinResponse
toClimate-RelatedStressors:TheCaseofZacatecasin
Mexico 80
MustafaAksakalandKerstinSchmidt
Introduction 80
Approachestotheclimatechange–migrationnexus 82
Theroleofcross-borderactivitiesforinformalsocialprotection 83
Formalsocialprotectionmeasures 88
ThecaseofZacatecas 91
Conclusion 93
5 TheRoleofAPrioriCross-BorderMigrationafterExtreme
ClimateEvents:TheCaseofthePhilippinesafterTyphoon
Haiyan 98
CleoviMosuelaandDeniseMargaretMatias
Introduction:ThePhilippineIslandsanditsclimate
vulnerabilityprofile 98
TyphoonHaiyanandothertyphoonsinthePhilippines 100
Methodology 103
Resultsanddiscussion 103
Discussion 110
Conclusion 113
Contents vii
6 MigrationasFutureAdaptiveCapacity:TheCaseofJava–
Indonesia 117
WiwandariHandayaniandNoviaRiskaKumalasari
Introduction 117
UrbanisationinJava:Unduedevelopment? 119
EnvironmentalchangeandadaptationstrategiesinJava:
Isitanissuewhichleadstomigration? 126
Somefindingsandpolicychallenges 132
Part III ExtremeRegionalSituations:Bangladesh
7 IndigenousWomen’sMigrationtoCities:RootCauses,
CopingMechanismsandGenderedTransformations 141
MeghnaGuhathakurta
Introduction 141
Theregionalcontext 143
Socio-economiccontextoftheregion 144
Politicalcontext 148
Ethnicmigrationtocities 149
Methodologyofthestudy 149
Characteristicsofthesamplepopulation 150
Observations 151
Analysisoffindings 152
ShomaChakma:Astoryofdetermination 153
NiharikaSangma:Losingfamilyandfindingsocialcapital 154
RipaChakma:Strugglingyouth 156
MousumiRangdi:Aneternalquestforstability 157
AjantaChakma:Workingtomakeadreamcometrue 158
SoniaMaraak:Carvingoutadream 159
Conclusion 160
8 Disaster-InducedMigrationandAdaptationDiscoursein
Bangladesh 164
BishawjitMallickandTamannaSiddiqui
Introduction 164
Stateoftheart 166
Conceptualframework 167
Materialsandmethods 170
Results 174
Natureofmigrationdecision:Mandatory(reactive)
orvoluntary(proactive) 174
Migrationasadaptation–Successorfailure? 178
Policygapandoutlook 181
viii Contents
9 ClimateChange-InducedMigrationandPost-Disaster
RemittanceResponsesthroughaGenderLens 186
PriyankaDebnath
Introduction 186
Literaturereview 187
Data:Methodology,descriptionofthestudysites
andthecharacteristicsofthemigrantsinterviewed 188
Resultsanddiscussion 192
Conclusions 196
Part IV ExtremeRegionalSituations:Ghana
10 ChangingReproductiveBehaviourandMigrationin
ResponsetoEnvironmentalChange:EvidencefromRural
NorthernGhana 203
StephenA.Adaawen
Introduction 203
Theoryofagencyandmultiphasicresponses 205
Climatevariabilityandenvironmentalchangeinnorthern
Ghana 207
Studyareaandresearchmethodology 208
Findings 212
Discussionandconclusion 216
11 DealingwithClimateChangeintheCoastalSavannah
ZoneofGhana:InSituAdaptationStrategiesandMigration 223
JosephKofiTeyeandKwadwoOwusu
Introduction 223
Conceptualisingadaptationtoclimatechange 224
Researchmethodology 227
Changesinrainfallandtemperature 229
Effectsofclimatechangeandvariabilityonlivelihoods 231
Autonomousadaptationstrategiestoclimatechange 233
Adoptionofirrigation 233
Integrationoflivestockrearingintocropproduction 235
Applicationoffertiliserandotherinputsonfarms 236
Changesintillagepractices 236
Shiftfromfarmingtooff-farmjobs 237
Migrationasadaptationclimatechangeincoastalsavannah
zoneofGhana 238
Conclusions 240
Contents ix
12 FindingtheRightPath:ClimateChangeandMigrationin
NorthernGhana 245
FrancisXavierJarawuraandLotharSmith
Introduction 245
Contextofthestudy 247
Methods 249
Pathwaysofmigration 250
Perceptionsandresponsestoclimatechange 252
Suddenonsetversusslowchangesanddirectversus
indirectimpactstriggeringmigration 253
Mediationofnon-climate-relatedfactorsandmigration
outcomes 256
Towardsatypologyofmigrationpathways 259
Conclusions 262
13 BeyondAdaptation?TheChangingNatureofSeasonal
MigrationinNorthernGhanaintheContextofClimate
Change,AgriculturalDeclineandFoodInsecurity 267
BenjaminSchravenandChristinaRademacher-Schulz
Introduction 267
Methodology 268
NorthernGhana:Underdevelopmentandenvironmental
change 270
SeasonalmigrationinNorthernGhanaanditstraditional
meaning 271
Thedecouplingofmigrationfromtheagriculturalcycle
anditscircumstances 274
Conclusion 277
Part V BringingThingsTogether:Conclusions
Conclusion:LinkingMigration,EnvironmentalChangeand
Adaptation–LessonsLearnt 283
FelicitasHillmann,MariePahl,BirteRafflenbeulandHaraldSterly
Linkingclimatechangeandmigration:Whatarethelessons
learntsofar? 283
Generatingmeaningfulknowledge–Approachestowards
thenexusofmigrationandclimatechange 285
Politicalandethicalfallacy?Alessonlearnedsofar 288
Index 291