Table Of ContentEnvironment and
Behavior Studies
Emergence of
Intellectual Traditions
HUIIlan Behavior
and EnvironIIlent
ADVANCES IN THEORY AND RESEARCH
Volume 1
Volume 2
Volume 3: Children and the Environment
Volume 4: Environment and Culture
Volume 5: Transportation and Behavior
Volume 6: Behavior and the
Natural Environment
Volume 7: Elderly People and the
Environment
Volume 8: Home Environments
Volume 9: Neighborhood and
Community Environments
Volume 10: Public Places and Spaces
Volume 11: Environment and Behavior Studies:
Emergence of Intellectual Traditions
Environment and
Behavior Studies
Emergence of
Intellectual Traditions
Edited by
IRWIN ALTMAN
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
and
KATHLEEN CHRISTENSEN
The Graduate School and University Center
City University of New York
New York, New York
PLENUM PRESS • NEW YORK AND LONDON
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Environment and behavior studies, emergence of intellectual
traditions I edited by Irwin Altman and Kathleen Christensen.
p. cm. -- (Human behav i or and env i ron.ent ; v. 11)
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-7946-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-7944-7
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7944-7
1. Environ~ental psychology--History. I. Altman, Irwin.
II. Christensen, Kathleen. III. Series.
BF353.HB5 vol. 11
155.9 s--dc20
[159] 90-709B
CIP
© 1990 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical. photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
This volume is dedicated
to the Environmental Design Research Association
in honor of its twentieth anniversary, 1969-1989
Articles Planned for Volume 12
PLACE ATTACHMENT
Editors: Irwin Altman and Setha Low
Horne as a Workplace in the Lives of Women
SHERRY BOLAND AHRENTZEN
Attachment to Possessions
RUSSELL W. BELK
Disruptions in Attachment
BARBARA B. BROWN
Childhood Place Attachments
LOUISE CHAWLA
Thresholds to an Alternate Realm: Mapping
the Chaseworld in Lebanon State Forest
MARY HUFFORD
Community Attachment
DAVID M. HUMMON
Transcendence of Place: The Role of La Placeta
in Valencia's Las Fallas
DENISE L. LAWRENCE
Symbolic Theories of Place Attachment:
Cultural Meaning in the Costa Rican Plaza
SETHAM. LOW
Attachment to Horne
CLARE COOPER MARCUS
Space Talks: Neighboring in Africa
DEBORAH PELLOW
Roots, Views and Bonds: Attachment to the Larger Landscape
ROBERT B. RILEY
Place Attachment among the Elderly
ROBERT RUBINSTEIN AND PATRICIA PARMELEE
Horne Gardens, Place Attachment and the Experience of Time
JONATHAN D. SIME
Cont ribu tors
IRWIN ALTMAN • Department of Psychology, University of Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112
ROGER G. BARKER • Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Law
rence, Kansas 66045
MICHAEL BRILL • The Buffalo Organization for Social and Technological Inno
vation, 1479 Hertel Avenue, Buffalo, New York 14216, and School of Archi
tecture, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
DAVID CANTER • Department of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford,
Surrey GU2 5XH, England
KENNETH H. CRAIK • Institute of Personality Assessment and Research, Uni
versity of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
M. POWELL LAWTON • Philadelphia Geriatric Center, 5301 Old York Road, Phil
adelphia, Pennsylvania 19141
CLARE COOPER MARCUS • Department of Architecture and Department of
Landscape Architecture, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley,
California 94720
HAROLD M. PROSHANSKY • Environmental Psychology Program, The Graduate
School and University Center of the City University of New York, 33 West
42nd Street, New York, New York 10036
AMOS RAPOPORT • School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of
Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201
LEANNE G. RIVLIN· Environmental Psychology Program, The Graduate
School and University Center of the City University of New York, 33 West
42nd Street, New York, New York 10036
ROBERT SOMMER • Department of Psychology and Center for Consumer Re
search, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616
ix
x Contributors
SEYMOUR WAPNER • Heinz Werner Institute for Developmental Analysis,
Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, Mas
sachusetts 01610-1477
ERVIN H. ZUBE • School of Renewable Natural Resources, University of Ari
zona, Tucson, Arizona 85721
Preface
This eleventh volume in the series departs from the pattern of earlier volumes.
Some of those volumes addressed research, design, and policy topics in terms
of environmental settings, for example, homes, communities, neighborhoods,
and public places. Others focused on environmental users, for example, chil
dren and the elderly. The present volume examines the field of environment
and behavior studies itself in the form of intellectual histories of some of its
most productive and still visible senior participants. In so doing we hope to
provide readers with a grand sweep of the field-its research and design
content, methodology, institutions, and past and future trajectories-through
the experiences and intellectual histories of its participants.
Why intellectual histories? Several factors led to the decision to launch this
project. For one, 1989 was an anniversary and commemorative year for the
Environmental Design Research Association, perhaps the major and most
long-standing interdisciplinary organization of environment and behavior re
searchers and practitioners. Established in 1969, this organization has been the
vehicle for generations of researchers and practitioners from many disciplines
to come together annually to exchange ideas, present papers, and develop
professional and personal relationships. It held its first and twentieth meetings
in North Carolina, with the twentieth conference substantially devoted to dis
cussions of the past, present, and future of the field-a taking stock, so to
speak. Thus it seemed appropriate to launch a volume on intellectual histories
at this significant juncture in the life of the field.
Moreover, the field of environment and behavior studies has matured,
with many of its participants having achieved a sophisticated perspective on
their own work and on the field as a whole. Many of them come from different
disciplines and have diverse backgrounds and values. As a result, peers,
juniors, and emerging generations can profit from the experiences and varying
perspectives of those who contributed in significant and sustained ways to
environment and behavior studies. In addition, it is likely that newer genera
tions will have less and less opportunity to interact directly with senior partici
pants, to learn about the opportunities and challenges they faced, and to share
in those experiences. Those intellectual experiences need to be recorded-not
only for archival and historical reasons, but for the promise and potential those
xi
xii Preface
careers illustrate, and for newer generations to capitalize on as they set their
own future course.
The focus of the chapters in the volume is on the intellectual histories of a
diverse, still active, and intellectually influential and alive group of early con
tributors to the field of environment and behavior studies. Although some of
the accounts of the researchers, theorists, and practitioners who wrote essays
for this volume are chronological, the emphasis is nevertheless on the develop
ment of their ideas and work; the twists and turns of their professional careers;
and the people, places, and settings within which they worked. The chapters
are diverse in format and writing style, but we hope that they illustrate the vast
diversity of perspectives, content, and intellectual interests of environment
and behavior participants. And, most important, the intellectual histories illu
strate the challenges, opportunities, and breadth of subject matter in the en
vironment and behavior field, as well as the need for all people to learn about
and act upon environmental problems. The environmental issues that will face
us in the 1990s and in the soon-to-be twenty-first century need the work and
commitment of the best minds that we can attract to environment and behavior
studies. The essays in this volume are a testimonial to what a handful of people
began and accomplished-men and women who can serve as beacons and role
models for future generations as they face their own unique problems.
Volume 12 in the series, Place Attachment, now in preparation, will address
people's attachment to an array of environmental places and settings, varying
from small-scale objects to homes, communities, and neighborhoods, and be
yond to larger-scale urban and regional settings. Setha Low, City University of
New York, joins me in editing this next volume in the Human Behavior and
Environment series.
Because of its two-decade commitment to environment and behavior stud
ies, its nurturing of the free expression of a diversity of views, and its
egalitarian and supportive values for all environment and behavior researchers
and practitioners, this volume is dedicated to the Environmental Design Re
search Association. May it prosper in the next twenty years of its life.
IRWIN ALTMAN
