Table Of ContentEdited by
Nehme Azoury · Taïeb Hafsi
Entrepreneurship
and Social
Entrepreneurship in
the MENA Region
Advances in Research
Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship
in the MENA Region
Nehme Azoury • Taïeb Hafsi
Editors
Entrepreneurship
and Social
Entrepreneurship in
the MENA Region
Advances in Research
Editors
Nehme Azoury Taïeb Hafsi
Faculty of Business HEC Montréal
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik Montreal, QC, Canada
Jounieh, Lebanon
ISBN 978-3-030-88446-8 ISBN 978-3-030-88447-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88447-5
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Contents
Part I Entrepreneurship: Trends and Concepts 1
1 The Intersection of Social Entrepreneurship,
Sustainability, and the UN SDGs in the Arab World: A
Humane Entrepreneurship Perspective 3
Ayman El Tarabishy
2 Entrepreneurship: Social Entrepreneurship in the Arab
World—Innovation and Entrepreneurship 31
Sung Joo Park
Part II Entrepreneurship in the Arab World 47
3 Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship: A Trend
or a Real Factor for a Prosperous Future? 49
Georges Yahchouchy and Vladimir Dzenopoljac
v
vi Contents
4 A Review and Research Agenda on the Determinants of
Entrepreneurial Orientation and its Implications on Firm
Performance: Tackling SMEs in Emerging Economies 75
Yara Harb
5 Women in Entrepreneurship and Social Entrepreneurship
in the Arab World 115
Thami Ghorfi and Dora Jurd de Girancourt
6 Entrepreneurship and Education: Between Trendy and
Usefulness 155
Thami Ghorfi and Imad-eddine Hatimi
7 Strategies for Managing Institutional Pressures in a
Turbulent and Dynamic Institutional Context 187
Sofiane Baba, Taïeb Hafsi, and Omar Hemissi
8 The Cultural Side of Entrepreneurship in the Middle East:
Religion, Gender and Family 219
Marwan Azouri and Lindos Daou
9 Social Entrepreneurship and Job Creation in the Lebanese
Market 229
Diala Kozaily
Part III Case Studies of Entrepreneurship 253
10 The Influence of Entrepreneurship on the Arab Cultures
and Economies: Reflections from Egypt’s Entrepreneurial
Journey 255
Sherif Kamel
Contents vii
11 Social Entrepreneurship as a New Institutional Field:
Institutional Barriers in the Algerian Context 281
Sofiane Baba, Taïeb Hafsi, and Meriem Benslama
12 Conclusion 305
Taïeb Hafsi
Index 311
Notes on Contributors
Marwan Azouri, Ph.D. Specialist in Marketing and Social Media
studies.Currently holds the position of Assistant Professor at the Notre
Dame University, Lebanon. Part of the Department of Marketing and
Management. Active in research and holds a PhD from the University of
Burgundy, Dijon France in 2016. His course load evolve around:
Fundamentals of Marketing, Digital Business, Business Research,
Consumer Behavior, and Salesmanship. He has also taught in a multi-
tude of universities in Lebanon and France.
Nehme Azoury is a Professor and Deputy President for Corporate and
Employment Affairs at the Holy Spirit University of Kaslik—
USEK. Former Deputy President for Research and former Dean of the
Faculty of Business, he lectures in the fields of marketing, strategy, and
corporate governance in several universities and teaches strategic manage-
ment and corporate governance. He is one of the eight members of the
scientific committee of Eduniversal, as a representative of the Eurasian
region. He has been Professor and Distinguished Professor at various uni-
versities, including Panthéon-Assas (Paris II), Euromed-M arseille, La
Rochelle, Lyon 3, and the George Washington University, which pre-
sented him with an appreciation award for Active Contribution to the
Education of MSF Students. He is the author of several publications and
the editor-in-chief of the Arab Economic & Business Journal and the
ix
x Notes on Contributors
Lebanese Journal of Economics and Management. He is also a Managing
Partner at Widein, a consultancy firm based in Lebanon. Prof. Azoury
has published several books with Palgrave Macmillan, Business and
Education in the Middle East, Business and Society in the Middle East and
Business and Social Media in the Middle East.
Sofiane Baba is an assistant professor of strategic management at the
University of Sherbrooke in Québec, Canada. His research focuses on the
organization–society nexus from a variety of theoretical perspectives and
research interests, mainly related to institutional change, sustainability,
and strategic management. He holds a Master of Science in strategy and
a PhD in organizational theory and strategy from HEC Montreal.
Meriem Benslama is director of The Algerian Center for Social
Entrepreneurship, an organization whose mission is to promote social
entrepreneurship among young Algerians. She holds a bachelor’s degree
in language and business engineering and a master’s degree in Culture
and Communication Engineering from the University of Versailles,
France. Her thesis focused on the enablers and barriers to social entrepre-
neurship in Algeria. Along with her professional experiences in commu-
nication and cultural journalism, she has several years of experience in
Algerian and French associations.
Lindos Daou Assistant Professor at the Management and Marketing
Department at the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics—
Notre Dame University—Louaize.Holder of a PhD in Marketing from
USEK, Lindos Daou is an Assistant Professor lecturing in Marketing at
the Faculty of Business Administration and Economics at NDU. Dr
Daou used to teach at USEK Business School at the University of Holy
Spirit University of Kaslik. He also occupied the position of Chairperson
of Management, in addition to Transport and Logistics Departments.
Besides teaching, Dr. Daou was also a researcher and member of the
CIRAME research center at the school and part of the scientific commit-
tee of Research and Business Link Review (RBL). In the scope of con-
ducting research and studies for BEPS, he has initiated several studies
involving the Arab Business Schools. His areas of research in Marketing
include university branding, student satisfaction, social media, and adver-
Notes on Contributors xi
tising. He was also selected by the Institute of International Education
(IIE) and US State Department to participate in the Fulbright Scholarship
program for Junior Faculty Development program for Lebanon at the
University of Illinois, USA. He was also a visiting Professor at Varna
University of Management-Bulgaria in lecturing in “Global Marketing in
the Digital Era.” Furthermore, he also occupies the position of a senior
consultant at Professional Financial Consultancy—Beirut focusing on
marketing strategy and market research projects.
Dora Jurd De Girancourt is a brand strategist and a researcher in the
field of marketing and communication of family businesses.In 2002, she
wrote her first book on the topic, Leur nom est une marque, published
by Éditions d’Organisation, France. The book deals with the marketing
specificities of family businesses that bear patronymic names. In 2017,
she co-authored Embracing Paradoxes in South African Family Businesses,
which unveils the special features of South African family businesses. She
co-authored Femmes au cœur des entreprises familiales—La Croisée des
Chemins, 2021, with Prof. Thami Ghorfi, Dean of ESCA École de
Management, Casablanca, Morocco. The book explores the place of
women in Moroccan family businesses and brings to light their promi-
nent roles and new forms of leadership.She holds a Master in Marketing
from ESCP Business School, Paris, and a Master in Semiotics from La
Sorbonne. Besides her researches, she has been working in the marketing
field for almost 20 years, in leading companies both in France and in the
USA (Clarins Group, Saint Gobain) and then in global communication
agencies (TBWA Group, Kantar Consulting) as a senior brand strategist,
advising leading international FMCG brands. Most recently, she was a
guest lecturer in marketing strategy at ESCA École de Management.
Vladimir Dzenopoljac He teaches Strategic Management and is
Director of MBA program at the College of Business Administration,
American University of the Middle East, Kuwait. He received his PhD
Degree from the University of Kragujevac, Serbia, in the field of impact
of intellectual capital on value creation in contemporary enterprises.
Alongside his academic career, Vladimir was providing consultancy ser-
vices in the fields of strategy development and execution, business plan-
ning, and financial planning and analysis. He has published a significant
