Table Of ContentFrontiers in African Business Research
Leona Achtenhagen
Ethel Brundin Editors
Entrepreneurship and
SME Management
Across Africa
Context, Challenges, Cases
Frontiers in African Business Research
Series editor
Almas Heshmati, Jönköping International Business School,
Jönköping, Sweden
This book series publishes monographs and edited volumes devoted to studies on
entrepreneurship, innovation, as well as business development and management-
related issues in Africa. Volumes cover in-depth analyses of individual countries,
regions,cases,andcomparativestudies.Theyincludebothaspecificandageneral
focusonthelatestadvancesofthevariousaspectsofentrepreneurship,innovation,
business development, management and the policies that set the business environ-
ment.Itprovidesaplatformforresearchersgloballytocarryoutrigorousanalyses,
topromote, share, and discuss issues, findings and perspectivesinvarious areas of
businessdevelopment,management,finance,humanresources,technology,andthe
implementation of policies and strategies of the African continent. Frontiers in
African Business Research allows for a deeper appreciation of the various issues
around African business development with high quality and peer reviewed contri-
butions. Volumes published in the series are important reading for academicians,
consultants, business professionals, entrepreneurs, managers, as well as policy
makers, interested in the private sector development of the African continent.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/13889
Leona Achtenhagen Ethel Brundin
(cid:129)
Editors
Entrepreneurship and SME
Management Across Africa
Context, Challenges, Cases
123
Editors
Leona Achtenhagen EthelBrundin
Jönköping International Business School Jönköping International Business School
Jönköping University Jönköping University
Jönköping Jönköping
Sweden Sweden
ISSN 2367-1033 ISSN 2367-1041 (electronic)
Frontiers in AfricanBusiness Research
ISBN978-981-10-1725-4 ISBN978-981-10-1727-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1727-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016943381
©SpringerScience+BusinessMediaSingapore2016
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Contents
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Leona Achtenhagen and Ethel Brundin
Part I Context
2 Cameroon: Characteristics of Entrepreneurs and SMME
Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
André Dumas Tsambou and Ludwick 1er Ndokang Esone
3 Crowdfunding in the African Context: A New Way to Fund
Ventures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Adele Berndt
4 The Lack of Business Dispute Resolution in East Africa:
An Unresolved Impediment to SME Development? . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Malin Tillmar
Part II Challenges
5 Microfinance Organizations in Africa: The Challenge
of Transforming into Regulated Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Olaide Rufai Akande, Orefi Abu and Hephzibah Onyeje Obekpa
6 Enhancing Organizational Citizenship Behavior:
The Role of Employee Empowerment, Trust and Engagement. . . . 87
Ismael Byaruhanga and Bikadho Patrick Othuma
7 TheChallengeofDevelopingaSustainableHybridOrganization:
The Case of Greenpop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Alina Greinert and Duncan Levinsohn
v
vi Contents
8 The Challenge of Becoming a Successful Entrepreneur
in a Hostile Context: The Example of Mohamed Ibrahim,
the Founder of MSI and Celtel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Omaima Hatem
Part III Cases: Rwanda
9 The Case of Rwanda as a Developmental State. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Zsuzsánna Biedermann
10 Artisanal Mining in Rwanda: The Trade-Off Between
Entrepreneurial Activity and Environmental Impact. . . . . . . . . . . 159
Jan Macháček and Milada Dušková
11 TourismasEmergingIndustryinRwanda:TheRoleofTraining
and Development for the Hotel Sector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Celestin Ndikumana and Rama Rao Bokka
12 Privatization of Firms in Rwanda: The Role of Corporate
Governance Practices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Samuel Mutarindwa and Jean Bosco Shema
Part IV Commentary
13 Entrepreneurship and SME Management Across Africa:
A Perspective and a Short Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Benson Honig
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Leona Achtenhagen is Ph.D. and professor of entrepreneurship and business
development at Jönköping International Business School (JIBS), Sweden.
Achtenhagen’scurrentresearchinterestsarerelatedtoentrepreneurialandstrategic
activities of micro-, small- and medium-sized companies in a range of different
contexts. She has conducted a number of research projects on aspects of
entrepreneurship and SME management in underprivileged contexts. Her recent
papers address issues like the status of women entrepreneurs in Pakistan, business
development in microfirms, and innovative pedagogical tools for entrepreneurship
education.Herresearchresultshavebeenpublishedaschaptersinnumerousbooks
andinleadinginternationaljournalssuchasEntrepreneurship:Theory&Practice,
Entrepreneurship & Regional Development and Long Range Planning.
Achtenhagen has also conducted a number of projects for OECD and European
Commission’s initiatives for promoting entrepreneurship.
Ethel Brundin is Ph.D. and professor of entrepreneurship and business develop-
ment at Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping, Sweden. She is an
active research member of the Successful Transgenerational Entrepreneurship
Practices (STEP), a research project on family firms with chapters worldwide.
Brundin ledthe buildup of theAfrican STEP chapterwithits base inSouthAfrica
and she is an extraordinary professor at the University of Western Cape, Cape
Town, South Africa. She has led a number of research projects targeted at previ-
ouslydisadvantagedgroups.BrundinhaslivedinSouthAfricaandhasbeenpartof
a start-up there. She codeveloped course based on Ph.D. programs in management
for Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia, the University of Rwanda in Rwanda,
Dar-es-Salaam University in Tanzania, and Makerere University in Uganda. Her
research interest is microprocesses in family businesses of all sizes including
emotions, entrepreneurship, and strategic leadership—often in combination. She is
vii
viii EditorsandContributors
currently coediting a book project on ‘Contextualizing Entrepreneurship in
Emerging Economies and Developing Countries.’ Brundin has published in edited
books and in leading international journals such as the Journal of Business
Venturing and Corporate Governance: An International Review and edited books
aboutstrategicandentrepreneurialleadershipwithafocusonfamilyfirmsandalso
those on immigrant and social entrepreneurship.
Contributors
OrefiAbu holdsaPh.D.inagriculturaleconomicsfromtheUniversityofPretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa. She is currently head of the Department of Agricultural
Economics and Deputy Dean, College of Agricultural Economics and Extension,
University of Agriculture, Makurdi,Nigeria. Her research interests are inthe areas
ofagriculturalfoodpolicyanddevelopmenteconomicsandshehaspresentedsome
of her works in parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. She has published in both local
and international journals. Abu has supervised numerous undergraduate and some
postgraduate (PGD, MSc, and Ph.D.) students.
Olaide Rufai Akande holds a master of science degree in agricultural economics
fromObafemiAwolowoUniversity,IleIfe,Nigeria.Heiscurrentlyalecturerinthe
Department of Agricultural Economics, University of Agriculture, Makurdi,
Nigeria, and a Ph.D. student in the Department of Agricultural Economics,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka. His research interest is in agricultural policy and
finance. Akande has presented his works in numerous international conferences in
Europe and Africa.
Adele Berndt is currently an associate professor in business administration at
Jönköping International Business School (JIBS), Sweden. She studied and worked
in South Africa prior to moving to Sweden in 2012 (at the University of
Johannesburg and at Monash, South Africa). Her areas of interest include (but are
notlimitedto)servicesmarketingandconsumerbehavior.Shehaspresentedpapers
at various national and international conferences and also authored and edited a
number of books on these topics. She is a member of the Academy of Marketing
Science and the European Media Management Association (EMMA).
Zsuzsánna Biedermann, Ph.D. has been working as a research fellow at the
Institute of World Economics of the Center for Economic and Regional Studies
of theHungarian Academy of Sciences for six years. She finished her Ph.D. atthe
Corvinus University of Budapest in 2013. Her dissertation, published as a mono-
graphin2015,analyzedeconomicaspectsrelatedtogenocideandmassatrocitiesin
EditorsandContributors ix
theAfricanGreatLakesregion.AsanassistantprofessorattheNationalUniversity
ofPublicService,sheteachesAfricanstudiesandiscurrentlyworkingonherbook
dealing with resource-rich sub-Saharan African countries.
RamaRaoBokka isafullprofessorofmanagementwithclosetofourdecadesof
teaching, consultancy, training, and research experience. He has published two
booksand25papersrelatedtothefieldofmanagement.Hehadexperiencebothin
IndiaandinRwandaashead,vicedean,dean,anddirectorofpostgraduatestudies.
He was instrumental in creating four-year undergraduate programs in accounting,
business administration, and information technology applications in management
and MBA and MSc accounting in the former National University of Rwanda.
Currently, he is the acting dean of the School of Tourism and Hospitality
Management, College of Business and Economics, University of Rwanda, besides
serving as the team leader of the economics and management subprogram of the
UR-Sweden Program of Research, Higher Education and Institutional
Advancementsinceitsinceptionin2011.RaoBokka’sresearchinterestsareinthe
fields of transport, tourism, strategy, and governance.
Ismael Byaruhanga is a lecturer at the University of Rwanda. He obtained his
master’sdegreeinbankingandinvestmentmanagementfromMakerereUniversity.
HeiscurrentlyworkingonhisPh.D.,buthasalreadygainedteachingandresearch
experience in several universities, especially the University of Rwanda and
International Leadership University, Burundi for more than six years. Byaruhanga
has also worked as a consultant and creditofficer for BlueFinancialServices Ltd.,
Rwanda. He has published articles in various journals including the Journal of
EmergingIssuesinEconomicFinanceandBanking(JEIEFB),JournalofBusiness
and Retail Management Research (JBRMR) and the Journal of Strategic and
International Studies.
André Dumas Tsambou is an economist from the University of Yaoundé II,
Cameroonandaresearcherinappliedmicroeconomics.Hismainresearchinterests
are political economy, human resource economics, corporate funding, innovation,
and productivity (SME performance). He is the author of many international sci-
entific publications in English and French and has contributed chapters to several
books. He teaches quantitative methods in social sciences in many colleges. He is
affiliated to the Center of Research and Study in Economics and Management
(CEREG), to the Research Center in Applied Microeconomics (REMA), and is a
member of the African Young Economists Association (AYEA).
Milada Dušková is a Ph.D. student at the Department of International
DevelopmentStudies,FacultyofScience,PalackýUniversity,Olomouc,whereshe
studiedgeographyandhistory.Sinceherbachelorthesis,shehasbeeninterestedin
theanthropogenicinfluenceonthelandsurfaceespeciallyinpostminingplacesand
mining forms in the countryside. Currently, she is working on this topic with a
focus on the Great Lakes region in Eastern Africa, especially Rwanda.
