Table Of ContentEntrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Diffusion
of Startups
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SCIENCE, INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Series Editors: Elias G. Carayannis, Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation
and Entrepreneurship, School of Business, George Washington University, USA and
Aris Kaloudis, NIFU STEP Studies in Innovation, Research and Education, Oslo,
Norway
There is ample and growing evidence that intangible resources such as knowledge,
know-how and social capital will prove to be the coal, oil, and diamonds of
the twenty-first century for developed, developing, and emerging economies
alike. Moreover, there are strong indications and emerging trends that there are
qualitative and quantitative differences between the drivers of economic growth in
the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
This new era is punctuated by:
• Development of a service-based economy, with activities demanding
intellectual content becoming more pervasive and decisive.
• Increased emphasis on higher education and life-long learning to make effective
use of the rapidly expanding knowledge base.
• Massive investments in research and development, training, education,
software, branding, marketing, logistics, and similar services.
• Intensification of competition between enterprises and nations based on new
product design, marketing methods and organizational forms.
• Continual restructuring of economies to cope with constant change.
This valuable new series concentrates on these important areas by focusing on the
key pillars of science, technology, innovation, and entrepreneurship.
Titles in the series include:
Diversity in the Knowledge Economy and Society
Heterogeneity, Innovation and Entrepreneurship
Edited by Elias G. Carayannis, Aris Kaloudis and Åge Mariussen
Crisis, Innovation and Sustainable Development
The Ecological Opportunity
Edited by Blandine Laperche, Nadine Levratto and Dimitri Uzunidis
The Innovation Union in Europe
A Socio-Economic Perspective on EU Integration
Edited by Elias G. Carayannis and George M. Korres
Managing Emerging Technologies for Socio-Economic Impact
Edited by Dimitris G. Assimakopoulos, Ilan Oshri and Krsto Pandza
Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Diffusion of Startups
Edited by Elias G. Carayannis, Giovanni Battista Dagnino, Sharon Alvarez and
Rosario Faraci
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Entrepreneurial
Ecosystems and the
Diffusion of Startups
Edited by
Elias G. Carayannis
Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, School of Business, George Washington
University, USA
Giovanni Battista Dagnino
Professor of Business Economics and Management, University
of Catania, Italy
Sharon Alvarez
Thomas W. Olofson Chair in Entrepreneurial Studies,
Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of
Pittsburgh, USA
Rosario Faraci
Professor of Business Economics and Management, University
of Catania, Italy
SCIENCE, INNOVATION, TECHNOLOGY AND
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Cheltenham, UK • Northampton, MA, USA
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© Elias G. Carayannis, Giovanni Battista Dagnino, Sharon Alvarez, Rosario
Faraci 2018
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical or photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior
permission of the publisher.
Published by
Edward Elgar Publishing Limited
The Lypiatts
15 Lansdown Road
Cheltenham
Glos GL50 2JA
UK
Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc.
William Pratt House
9 Dewey Court
Northampton
Massachusetts 01060
USA
A catalogue record for this book
is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018931745
This book is available electronically in the
Business subject collection
DOI 10.4337/9781784710064
ISBN 978 1 78471 005 7 (cased)
ISBN 978 1 78471 006 4 (eBook)
Typeset by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire
2
0
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Contents
List of contributors vii
Acknowledgments ix
1 Introduction: entrepreneurial ecosystems and the diffusion
of startups 1
Sharon Alvarez, Elias G. Carayannis, Giovanni Battista Dagnino
and Rosario Faraci
2 Mapping entrepreneurial ecosystems inquiry: a content
analysis of the analysis of the literature and its implications 11
Anna Minà and Giovanni Battista Dagnino
3 Linking entrepreneurial and innovation ecosystems: the case
of AppCampus 35
Llewellyn D.W. Thomas, Dmitry Sharapov and Erkko Autio
4 Antecedents of firm-level entrepreneurship: how organizational
design coordinates and controls the firm’s entrepreneurial
ecosystem 65
Nicolai J. Foss and Jacob Lyngsie
5 Industry specificity and the effect of internal social capital in
reward-based crowdfunding 93
Vincenzo Butticè and Massimo G. Colombo
6 Accessing the creative ecosystem: evidence from UK
fashion design micro enterprises 117
Alison Rieple, Jonathan Gander, Paola Pisano, Adrian Haberberg
and Emily Longstaff
7 Business incubators and entrepreneurial networks: a
methodology for assessing incubator effectiveness and
performance 139
Emanuele Parisi, Angelo Miglietta and Dario Peirone
8 Towards “skarse” entrepreneurial ecosystems: using agent-based
simulation of entrepreneurship to reveal what makes regions tick 168
Elias G. Carayannis and Mike Provance
v
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vi Entrepreneurial ecosystems and the diffusion of startups
9 Looking beyond the current status of the conversation on
entrepreneurial ecosystems and the diffusion of startups:
where do we go from here? 194
Giovanni Battista Dagnino and Elias G. Carayannis
Index 199
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Contributors
Sharon Alvarez, Thomas W. Olofson Chair in Entrepreneurial Studies,
Joseph M. Katz Graduate School of Business, University of Pittsburgh,
USA.
Erkko Autio, Chair in Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, Imperial
College Business School, UK.
Vincenzo Butticè, Assistant Professor in Entrepreneurship Finance,
Polytechnic of Milan, Italy.
Elias G. Carayannis, Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation and
Entrepreneurship, School of Business, George Washington University,
USA. He is series editor, book co-editor and author.
Massimo G. Colombo, Professor of Economics of Innovation,
Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Finance, Polytechnic of Milan, Italy.
Giovanni Battista Dagnino, Professor of Business Economics and
Management, University of Catania, Italy.
Rosario Faraci, Professor of Business Economics and Management,
University of Catania, Italy.
Nicolai J. Foss, The Rodolfo Debenedetti Chair of Entrepreneurship
iCRIOS-Department of Management and Technology, Bocconi University,
Italy.
Jonathan Gander, Lecturer and Director of Executive MBA, London
College of Fashion, UK.
Adrian Haberberg, Principal Lecturer in International Business
Management, University of East London, UK.
Emily Longstaff, Director of Research and Enterprise, University of East
London, UK.
Jacob Lyngsie, Associate Professor of Strategic Organization Design,
Southern Denmark University, Denmark.
vii
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viii Entrepreneurial ecosystems and the diffusion of startups
Angelo Miglietta, Professor of Management of International Enterprises
and Markets, IULM University of Milan, Italy.
Anna Minà, Assistant Professor in Management, Kore University of
Enna, Italy.
Emanuele Parisi, Adjunct Professor in Entrepreneurship and Innovation
for Creativity and Start-up, IULM University, and Investment Team
Member, Anthemis UniCredit EVO, Milan, Italy.
Dario Peirone, Assistant Professor of Management, University of Turin,
Italy.
Paola Pisano, Assistant Professor of Management, University of Turin
and Deputy Mayor for Innovation and Smart City of the City of Turin,
Italy.
Mike Provance, Managing Partner Growth Kinetics and Adjunct Professor
of Strategy and Entrepreneurship, Virginia Commonwealth University,
USA.
Alison Rieple, Professor of Strategic Management, University of
Westminster, UK.
Dmitry Sharapov, Assistant Professor of Innovation, Entrepreneurship
and Strategy, Imperial College Business School, UK.
Llewellyn D.W. Thomas, Associate Professor, LaSalle Universitat Ramon
Llull, Spain.
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Acknowledgments
We wish to acknowledge the many individuals that, in various ways,
have made it possible to compose and publish this book. First, our
gratitude goes to the authors of the chapters of this book; they have always
responded straight away to our solicitations to send their chapters out to
us and to revise them when it was required. With no hesitation we declare
that without them and their enduring commitment, this collective editorial
effort would never have seen the light. Second, we are indebted to the
many participants at the First International Entrepreneurship Research
Exemplar meeting “Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and the Diffusion of
Startups” held at the University of Catania, Italy, on 23–25 May 2013.
Gathering from various parts of Europe and North America, they vigor-
ously contributed their wisdom, judgment and energies to the study of
entrepreneurial ecosystems and the diffusion of startups, which was seen as
a pretty risky academic endeavor at the time as it was at its very inception.
The initial idea to assemble this book emerged out of those discussions
and the chapters are an elaboration of works initially presented on that
occasion. Third, our universities (University of Denver and Pittsburgh,
George Washington University and University of Catania) deserve special
recognition for allowing us the time and application required to the
turn this volume into reality. Fourth, we recognize the commissioners
and Edward Elgar Publishing for their invaluable support in the book’s
publishing process. Fifth, one of the editors wishes to express his gratitude
to Harvard Business School and its faculty for providing the appropriate
environment to finalize some parts of the book during his visit to Boston
in spring 2017. Last but not least, our respective families merit boundless
admiration for patiently tolerating our absences in the preparation of this
volume.
Sharon Alvarez
Elias G. Carayannis
Giovanni Battista Dagnino
Rosario Faraci
Boston, Catania, Pittsburgh, Washington,
April 2017
ix
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