Enterprise Cloud Computing: Technology, Architecture, Applications

291 Pages·2010·2.3 MB·English

by  Gautam Shroff

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E C C
NTERPRISE LOUD OMPUTING
Technology, Architecture, Applications
Cloud computing promises to revolutionize IT and business by making
computing available as a utility over the internet. This book is intended pri-
marily for practicing software architects who need to assess the impact of
such a transformation. It explains the evolution of the internet into a cloud
computing platform, describes emerging development paradigms and tech-
nologies,anddiscusseshowthesewillchangethewayenterpriseapplications
shouldbearchitectedforclouddeployment.
Gautam Shroff provides a technical description of cloud computing tech-
nologies, covering cloud infrastructure and platform services, programming
paradigmssuchasMapReduce,aswellas‘do-it-yourself’hosteddevelopment
tools. He also describes emerging technologies critical to cloud computing.
Thebookalsocoversthefundamentalsofenterprisecomputing,includinga
technicalintroductiontoenterprisearchitecture,soitwillinterestprogram-
mers aspiring to become software architects and serve as a reference for a
graduate-levelcourseinsoftwarearchitectureorsoftwareengineering.
GautamShroffheadsTCS’InnovationLabinDelhi,acorporateR&Dlabthat
conductsappliedresearchinsoftwarearchitecture,naturallanguageprocess-
ing, data mining, multimedia, graphics and computer vision. Additionally
he is responsible for TCS’ Global Co-Innovation Network (COIN), which
works with venture-backed emerging technology companies to create and
taketomarketsolutionsthathavedisruptiveinnovationpotential.Further,as
amemberofTCS’CorporateTechnologyBoard,heispartoftheprocessofrec-
ommending directions to existing R&D efforts, spawning new R&D efforts,
sponsoring external research and proliferating the resulting technology and
intellectualpropertyacrossTCS’businesses.

E C
NTERPRISE LOUD
C
OMPUTING
T A
ECHNOLOGY, RCHITECTURE,
A
PPLICATIONS
G S
AUTAM HROFF
CAMBRIDGEUNIVERSITYPRESS
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©G.Shroff2010
Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception
andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements,
noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten
permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress.
Firstpublished2010
PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress,Cambridge
AcatalogrecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN978-0-521-76095-9Hardback
ISBN978-0-521-13735-5Paperback
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accuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtoin
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Contents
Preface page xi
List of abbreviations xiv
Part I Computing platforms 1
Chapter1
Enterprise computing: a retrospective 3
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 Mainframearchitecture 5
1.3 Client-serverarchitecture 7
1.4 3-tierarchitectureswithTPmonitors 10
Chapter2
The internet as a platform 16
2.1 Internettechnologyandweb-enabledapplications 16
2.2 Webapplicationservers 19
2.3 Internetofservices 22
Chapter3
Software as a service and cloud computing 27
3.1 Emergenceofsoftwareasaservice 27
3.2 SuccessfulSaaSarchitectures 29
v
vi CONTENTS
3.3 Dev2.0platforms 31
3.4 Cloudcomputing 32
3.5 Dev2.0inthecloudforenterprises 36
Chapter4
Enterprise architecture: role and evolution 39
4.1 Enterprisedataandprocesses 40
4.2 Enterprisecomponents 40
4.3 ApplicationintegrationandSOA 42
4.4 Enterprisetechnicalarchitecture 44
4.5 Datacenterinfrastructure:copingwithcomplexity 47
Part II Cloud platforms 49
Chapter5
Cloud computing platforms 51
5.1 Infrastructureasaservice:AmazonEC2 51
5.2 Platformasaservice:GoogleAppEngine 56
5.3 MicrosoftAzure 60
Chapter6
Cloud computing economics 64
6.1 Iscloudinfrastructurecheaper? 64
6.2 Economicsofprivateclouds 67
6.3 Softwareproductivityinthecloud 71
6.4 Economiesofscale:publicvs.privateclouds 73
Part III Cloud technologies 75
Chapter7
Web services, AJAX and mashups 77
7.1 Webservices:SOAPandREST 77
7.2 SOAPversusREST 83
7.3 AJAX:asynchronous‘rich’interfaces 85
7.4 Mashups:userinterfaceservices 87
CONTENTS vii
Chapter8
Virtualization technology 89
8.1 Virtualmachinetechnology 89
8.2 Virtualizationapplicationsinenterprises 95
8.3 Pitfallsofvirtualization 103
Chapter9
Multi-tenant software 104
9.1 Multi-entitysupport 105
9.2 Multi-schemaapproach 107
9.3 Multi-tenancyusingclouddatastores 109
9.4 Dataaccesscontrolforenterpriseapplications 111
Part IV Cloud development 115
Chapter10
Data in the cloud 117
10.1Relationaldatabases 118
10.2Cloudfilesystems:GFSandHDFS 121
10.3BigTable,HBaseandDynamo 123
10.4Clouddatastores:DatastoreandSimpleDB 128
Chapter11
MapReduce and extensions 131
11.1Parallelcomputing 131
11.2TheMapReducemodel 134
11.3ParallelefficiencyofMapReduce 137
11.4RelationaloperationsusingMapReduce 139
11.5EnterprisebatchprocessingusingMapReduce 142
Chapter12
Dev 2.0 platforms 144
12.1Salesforce.com’sForce.complatform 145
12.2TCSInstantAppsonAmazoncloud 148
viii CONTENTS
12.3MoreDev2.0platformsandrelatedefforts 153
12.4Advantages,applicabilityandlimitsofDev2.0 154
Part V Software architecture 159
Chapter13
Enterprise software: ERP, SCM, CRM 161
13.1Anatomyofalargeenterprise 161
13.2Partners:peopleandorganizations 164
13.3Products 167
13.4Orders:salesandpurchases 168
13.5Execution:trackingwork 170
13.6Billing 172
13.7Accounting 174
13.8Enterpriseprocesses,buildvs.buyandSaaS 176
Chapter14
Custom enterprise applications and Dev 2.0 178
14.1Softwarearchitectureforenterprisecomponents 178
14.2Userinterfacepatternsandbasictransactions 180
14.3Businesslogicandrule-basedcomputing 188
14.4InsideDev2.0:modeldriveninterpreters 194
14.5Security,errorhandling,transactionsandworkflow 198
Chapter15
Workflow and business processes 203
15.1Implementingworkflowinanapplication 203
15.2Workflowmeta-modelusingECArules 205
15.3ECAworkflowengine 207
15.4Usinganexternalworkflowengine 210
15.5ProcessmodelingandBPMN 211
15.6Workflowinthecloud 216