enr 1.5 departure, holding, and approach - AIP New Zealand

46 Pages·2016·0.33 MB·English

AIPNewZealand ENR1.5-1
ENR 1.5 DEPARTURE, HOLDING, AND APPROACH
PROCEDURES
1 GENERAL
1.1 UseofPANS-OPS
1.1.1 Instrumentholding,approach,anddepartureproceduresin
NewZealandaredesignedusingcriteriacontainedinICAODoc8168—
PANS-OPSVOLII.
1.1.2 PANS-OPSstressestheneedforflightcrewandoperational
personneltoadherestrictlytothepublishedproceduresinordertoachieve
andmaintainanacceptablelevelofsafetyinoperations.
1.2 SignificantDifferencesfromICAODoc8168—PANS-OPS
Non-StandardApproachProcedures
1.2.1 AtalimitednumberoflocationsinNewZealand,theterrainor
existingNAVAIDinfrastructurenecessitatedpromulgationofinstrument
approachprocedureswhichareprimarilydesignedtoenabletheflightcrew
toestablishthevisualreferencesnecessarytocontinueonavisual
approach,ortoproceedtotheaerodromeoflandingunderVFR,as
applicable.
1.2.2 AlthoughtheminimafortheseapproachesareannotatedonAIP
chartsas“circling”,theseapproachesdonotutilisethestandardcircling
areasorstandardcirclingmanoeuvring.Theseapproachesare
distinguishedfromstandardPANS-OPScirclingapproachesbyanotebelow
thelandingminimaboxontheapproachchartstatingtheintent.
Theseapproachesare:
O GreatBarrier(NZGB):NDBA,RNAV(GNSS)B
D
O Queenstown(NZQN):VOR/DMEB,VOR/DMEC,RNAV(GNSS)F,
RNAV(GNSS)G
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1.3 ContainmentWithinControlledAirspace
1.3.1 Controlledairspacemaynottotallycontainthenavigational
tolerancesassociatedwithholding,approach,anddepartureprocedures
atcontrolledaerodromes.
1.3.2 Airspaceisdesignedtocontainarrivalsbasedona5%descent
gradient.Whenhighergradientsarerequired,altitudeconstraintswillbe
publishedtoensureairspacecontainment.
1.3.3 Airspacecontainmentforapproachesisbasedontheapproach
gradientor5%wherethereisnostatedgradient.
1.3.4 MinimumaltitudesspecifiedonDMEARCsandholdingprocedures
provideterrainandobstacleclearance,butdonotensureflightiscontained
withincontrolledairspace.
1.3.5 Publishedminimumclimbgradients(PDG)oninstrumentdepartures
providerequiredobstacleclearancebutdonotensurecontrolledairspace
containment.
1.3.6 FordepartureproceduresatAuckland,WellingtonandChristchurch
anadvisoryclimbgradientforcontrolledairspacecontainmentwillbe
statedwherethisishigherthantheobstacleclearancegradient.
1.3.7 Wherecontrolledairspacecontainmenthasbeenassessedfora
departureprocedureatanaerodromeotherthanAuckland,Wellingtonor
Christchurch,itwillonlyincludeanadvisoryclimbgradientwhereaclimb
gradienthigherthan5%isrequired,asa5%climbgradientisusedto
evaluateairspacecontainmentrequirements.
1.3.8 PublishedminimumclimbgradientsonadedicatedRadarSIDwill
ensurebothrequiredobstacleclearanceandcontainmentwithincontrolled
airspaceuntilthecommencementofradarvectoring.Duringradar
vectoring,controlledairspacecontainmentandadequateobstacle
clearancewillbeensuredbyradarcontroller.
1.3.9 Foramissedapproachprocedure,airspacecontainmentisbasedon
theassumptionthata5%climbgradientcanbeachievedandmaintained.
Ifthealtitudegiveninthemissedapproachinstructionscannotbereached,
aircraftaretoclimbintheholdandatcontrolledaerodromes,thepilotisto
adviseATC.
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1.4 PerformanceBasedNavigation(PBN)
1.4.1 ThefollowingICAOPBNspecificationshavebeenimplementedin
NewZealandFIR(NZZC)inaccordancewithICAODoc9613—PBN
Manual:
(a) RNAV1specificationforSTARatAuckland,Wellingtonand
Christchurch;
(b) RNAV2specificationforallRNAVenrouteoperations;
(c) RNP1specificationforSIDandSTARatselectedregional
aerodromes;
(d) RNPApproach(RNPAPCH)specificationatselectedaerodromes.
ThisappliestoapproachestitledRNAV(GNSS);and
(e) RNPAuthorisationRequired(RNPAR)specificationatselected
aerodromes.ThisappliestoapproachestitledRNAV(RNP).
Note:RNAV(RNP)approachanddepartureproceduresatQueenstown
Aerodrome(NZQN)arenotdesignedinaccordancewithICAORNPAR
specification.
1.4.2 ThefollowingnavigationsystemsaresupportingPBNapplicationsin
NZZC:
(a) GNSSnavigationsystems—allPBNspecifications.
(b) FMSwithDME/DME/IRUsensorinputs—RNAV1SIDandSTAR
unlessotherwisestatedonchart,andselectedRNAV2routes.
Note:RefertoENRTable3.2-1forthelistofRNAV2ATSroutesavailable
toDME/DME/IRUequippedaircraft.
1.4.3 NavigationsystemswithDME/DMEsensorinputsonly,donot
supportPBNapplicationinNZZCunlessotherwisestatedonchart.
1.4.4 Allpilotsarerequiredtomaintainroutecentrelines,asdepictedby
on-boardlateraldeviationindicatorsand/orflightguidance,unless
authorisedtodeviatebyATCorunderemergencyconditions.
1.4.5 Fornormaloperations,cross-trackerror/deviation(thedifference
betweentheRNAVsystem-computedpathandtheaircraftpositionrelative
tothepath)shouldbelimitedto+/-½thenavigationaccuracyassociated
withtheprocedureorroute(e.g.forRNP1,maximumdeviationis0.5
NM).Briefdeviationsfromthisstandardduringandimmediatelyafter
procedure/routeturns,uptoamaximumofone-timesthenavigation
accuracy(i.e.1NMforRNP1),areallowable.
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1.4.6 CAAOperatorapprovalisrequiredformostPBNoperationswithin
NZZC.CAAAdvisoryCircularAC91-21detailstherequirementsforall
operatorsforanoperationalapprovaltoconductPBNoperations.AC91-21
isavailableatCAAwebsitewww.caa.govt.nz.
1.4.7 AircraftwithexistingGPSIFRTerminalApprovalsandfittedwith
equipmentlistedinAC91-21‘Table—FAAAC90-100ANon-Compliant
Equipment’cannotflyRNAV1procedures.
1.5 ATCSpeedandAltitudeConstraints
1.5.1 Speedandaltitudeconstraintsrequiredforairtrafficmanagement
thatareincorporatedintoinstrumentflightprocedureswillbeprecededby
thesymbol‘¤’.ThisdifferentiatesATCrestrictionsfromthoseconstraints
thatareinherentinthedesignoftheinstrumentflightprocedure.Each
elementwillbeannotatedseparately.TheseATCrestrictionsmaybe
amendedorcancelledbyATCinaccordancewiththeirprocedures.
1.5.2 TheannotatedATCrestrictionscanbeseenonthoseapplicable
instrumentprocedurechartsthathavebeenreissued,ornewchartsissued,
from26MAY16.
2 DEPARTINGFLIGHTS
2.1 IFRDepartureProcedures
2.1.1 Publisheddepartureproceduresprovideroutingtoavoidmosthigh
terrainthatmaybeinrelativelycloseproximitytotheaerodrome.Where
thisisnotpossibleminimumsetheadingaltitudesorvisualsegmentswill
beprescribed.Inemergencycircumstancesterrainclearancecannotbe
guaranteedunderallconditionsofoperation,duetoaircraftperformance.
2.1.2 InaccordancewithPANS-OPS,VolII,thepromulgateddeparture
proceduredesigngradientmaynottakeintoaccountclose-inobstacles
withheightof60m(200ft)orlessabovedepartureendofrunway(DER).
Atlocationswheresuchobstaclesexist,a‘cautionary’note,including
obstaclepositionandheight,isprovidedaspartofthedeparture
instructions.
2.1.3 Thepilotmustconsidertheoneengineinoperativeclimb
performanceoftheaircraftinrelationtotheheightofterrainoverwhich
theclimbisplanned.WhereadequateterrainclearanceinIMCcannotbe
ensuredthepilotmustestablishbeforedeparturethat,intheeventof
enginefailurepriortoreachingMSA,orthelevelaccelerationaltitude,
adequateactioncanbetakentoprotecttheaircraft.Thisactionwill
normallyinvolveareturntowardsthedepartureaiduntileitherMSAis
reachedorapprovalisgrantedtore-joinforapproachandlanding;inthis
respectthepilotmusttakeintoconsiderationtheterrainoverwhicha
reversalturnmayhavetobecompleted.
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2.1.4 Departureproceduresmayconsistofoneormoreofthefollowing:
(a) apublishedinstrumentdepartureprocedure;
(b) aclimbontrackaboveenroutedescent(distance)orVORSECchart
steps,wheneachdesignatedstepistobecrossedatanaltitudeof
atleastthenextstepminimumaltitude;
(c) aspecifiedtrack,radarheadingorradarSIDorheadingwithinan
evaluatedclimbsector;
(d) departureinstructionscontaininganinitialaltituderestrictionwhen
radarcontrolisbeingexercised.Pilotscanexpecttoreceivean
amendedclearancetoclimbwhenclearofconflictingtraffic;
(e) avisualdeparturebydayonly,havingdueregardtoprevailingMET
conditions,adeparturemaintainingterrainclearancevisuallyto
applicableMSA(includingenroutedescent(distance)orVORSEC
chartsteps)orspecifiedupperlimitorsetheadingpointoraltitude.
SetheadingandminimumcrossingaltitudesarebasedonaMNM
netclimbgradientof3.3%unlesshigherstatedwhilemaintaining
enrouteclearances.
(f) departureinstructionscontainingavisualdeparturesegmentmay
beflownonlyduringtheday.
Aprocedurecontainingavisualdeparturesegmentmaybe
consideredforapplicationatnightfollowingaseparateaeronautical
studybyCAAastheATSauthority.
Note:Departureprocedureswithavisualdeparturesegment
approvedtobeflownatnightwillbesoannotatedontherespective
chart.
2.1.5 IfasecondaryorgrassrunwaywithapromulgatedIFRtake-off
minimumisnotincludedinthedepartureprocedureforanaerodrome,the
pilotmaytake-offfromthatrunwaybydayonlyprovided:
(a) thepilotmaintainsterrainclearancevisuallyuntilestablishedona
promulgateddepartureprocedureforthataerodrome;and
(b) theaircraftmaintainsanadequateclimbgradienttoensureobstacle
clearance.
2.1.6 Aircraftaretointerceptthespecifieddeparturetrackbytheshortest
practicalmeansaftercompletingtheturnaftertake-off.Thedirectionof
turnisaspublishedorasinstructedbyATC.
2.1.7 Whereclimbtoaminimumaltitudeisrequiredinthedeparture
procedure,ATCmayrequireaclimbtoahigheraltitudefortraffic
management,providedmandatoryclimbandturnrequirementsarenot
compromised.
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2.1.8 Aircraftonavisualdeparturemayberequiredtoroutevia
prominentgeographicalfeatures,landmarks,visualreportingpointsor
CTA/CTRsectorsinordertoachievegeographicalseparation.Visual
NavigationChartsoranelectronicequivalentshouldbecarried.
2.1.9 Wherenopublishedinstrumentdepartureprocedureispromulgated
foraroute,thepilotistoensurethat,whenflyingtheotherdeparture
optionsavailableasinpara2.1.3,theclimbperformanceoftheaircraftis
adequatetoprovideobstacleclearancepriortoreachingminimumsafe
altitude.
2.1.10ArateofclimbtableisprovidedinTableENR1.5-1toassistpilotsin
assessingandmonitoringclimbrequirementsunderknownorapproximate
groundspeedconditions.
ClimbinEvaluatedClimbSector
2.1.11DepartureinstructionsfromATCorthedepartureprocedureflown
byapilotmayincludeaspecifictrackorheadingwithinanevaluatedclimb
sector,whichmaybewithinasectorlimitedbyradialsand/ortracks,or
omni-directional.
2.1.12Unlessotherwisespecifiedaircraftareto:
(a) maintainfromtake-offtheclimbgradientasrequiredbythe
departureprocedureforthetrackbeingflown;and
(b) climbondeparturetoMNM400ft(orhigheraltitudeifspecified)
aboveaerodromelevelbeforecommencingaturntointercepttrack
orheading.
2.1.13Whereanaircraftisrequiredtocrossthroughtwoormoresectors
tointerceptthedeparturetrack,thehigherclimbgradientrequiredapplies
fromtake-off.
2.1.14Whereadeparturerequiresanaircrafttoclimbviatheradialor
trackdividingtwosectorswithdifferentclimbgradients,oneofwhichmay
bethestandard3.3%climbsector,aircraftneedonlycomplywiththe
lowersectorgradientrequired.
2.1.15Priortoleavinganevaluatedclimbsectortheaircraftmustbe:
(a) establishedonanevaluatedroute;or
(b) establishedonaclimbaboveVORSECsteps;or
(c) establishedunderradarcontrolatoraboveminimumradarterrain
contourlevel;or
(d) atoraboveanapprovedareaMSA.
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TableENR1.5-1
InstrumentTake-OffProcedure—RateofClimb
Thisrateofclimbtableisprovidedforuseinplanningandexecuting
take-offproceduresunderknownorapproximategroundspeedconditions.
Gradient GROUNDSPEED(KNOTS)
ppeerrcceenntt fftt//NNMM
% 30 60 80 90 100 120 140 150 180 210 240 270 300
3.3% 100 200 267 300 333 400 467 500 600 700 800 900 1000 200
4.1% 125 250 333 375 417 500 583 625 750 875 1000 1125 1250 250
4.9% 150 300 400 450 500 600 700 750 900 1050 1200 1350 1500 300
5.8% 175 350 467 525 583 700 816 875 1050 1225 1400 1575 1750 350
6.6% 200 400 533 600 667 800 933 1000 1200 1400 1600 1700 2000 400
7.4% 225 450 600 675 750 900 1050 1125 1350 1575 1800 2025 2250 450
8.2% 250 500 667 750 833 1000 1167 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 500
9.0% 275 550 733 825 917 1100 1283 1375 1650 1925 2200 2475 2750 550
9.9% 300 600 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1500 1800 2100 2400 2700 3000 600
10.7% 325 650 867 975 1083 1300 1516 1625 1950 2275 2600 2925 3250 650
11.5% 350 700 933 1050 1167 1400 1633 1750 2100 2450 2800 3150 3500 700
30 60 80 90 100 120 140 150 180 210 240 270 300
GROUNDSPEED(KNOTS)
NOTES:
1. RateofclimbrequiredVSI(ft/min)=GradientpercentxGround
speed(kt)x1.013.
2. Gradientpercent*= VSI(ft/min)
Groundspeed(kt)x1.013.
3. Feetpernauticalmile(ft/NM)= VSI(ft/min)x60
Groundspeed(kt)
*Anapproximatemethodistodividerateofclimbbygroundspeedinkt.
Thiswillgiveanaccurateanswertoonedecimalplaceforgradientsupto
4%,andforgradientsupto12%applyacorrectingfactorofminus0.1%.
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2.2 PublishedInstrumentDepartureProcedures
2.2.1 PublishedinstrumentdepartureproceduresconsistofStandard
InstrumentDepartures(SID)anddepartureproceduresincludedinAD
2.24,whichareusedtostandardisedepartureinstructions,reduceRTF
congestionandthechanceoferrorinaircraftrouting,andprovidepositive
routingforaircraftsufferingcommunicationsfailure.
2.2.2 TheSIDspecifiesinbothdiagrammaticandnarrativeformanyof
thefollowing:thedirectionofturn,headings,track,distances,significant
pointsandaltituderequirements.Wheretrackingtoorfromanavigation
aidisnotpossible,desiredtracksareshownanddueallowanceforwindis
tobemade.AircraftaretocontinueclimbingthroughouttheSIDunlessin
compliancewithpublishedATCaltituderestrictions,segmentMSAoras
otherwiseinstructed.
2.2.3 SIDareidentifiedbyoneormoreofthefollowing:departure
runway,directionofturn,routeoftheSID,significantpointassociatedwith
theSID,avaliditynumberandarouteindicator.
2.2.4 SIDmayalsoincludetransitions.Atransitionjoinstheendpointof
theSIDwiththeATSroutetheaircraftistointercept.ASIDmayhavea
numberoftransitions,eachtoadifferentroute.
2.2.5 Allinstrumentdepartureprocedures,designedtoPANSOPSII
criteria,portraytheminimumnetclimbgradientrequiredtoachievethe
designedobstacleclearancemarginsforthetracksshown,originatingfrom
apoint16ftabovethedepartureendoftherunway.
2.2.6 MSAmaybedepictedontherelevantchart.ThesegmentMSA
representsthelowestaltitudeforobstacleclearanceoneachsegmentof
theprocedure(includingtransitions).Itremainstheresponsibilityofthe
pilottomeetthesubsequentenrouteMSA,MFA,MRAandMEA
requirementsapplicableafterSIDtermination.ThesegmentMSAdoes
notensurecontrolledairspacecontainment.
2.2.7 Operatorsorpilotsshouldestablishprocedurestoensure
compliancewiththeSID.Theapplicationofaperformancemarginonthe
publishedclimbrequirementsisattheoperator’s/pilot’sdiscretiontaking
intoaccounttheachievableclimbperformanceoftheaircraftandthe
meansofmonitoringthegradientachieved.
2.2.8 UnlessotherwisespecifiedtheSIDperformancerequirementsare:
(a) makegoodaminimumclimbgradientof3.3%or200ftperNM;
(b) climbonrunwaycentrelineto400ftabovethedepartureendofthe
runwaybeforecommencingaturn;
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(c) themaximumIASforturnsduringtheSIDprocedure,assumingan
averageachievedbankangleof15degrees,are:
(i) CategoryA 120kt
(ii) CategoryB 165kt
(iii) CategoryC 265kt
(iv) CategoryD/DL 290kt
Warning: Whereverlimitingspeedsotherthantheseare
promulgated,theymustbecompliedwithtoachievetheplanned
obstacleclearancemargins.
2.2.9 Aircraftflyingpublishedinstrumentdepartureproceduresbasedon
terrestrialnavigationaidsmustfly-overassociatedNAVAID’s/Fixesunless
otherwiseinstructed.OperatorsusingFMStoflytheseconventional
proceduresmustensuretheproceduresareappropriatelycodedintheir
FMStoachievethisrequirement.
2.2.10Whereaninstrumentdepartureprocedurecontainsatraffic
managementrequirementtomaintainaspecifiedaltitudetoareporting
pointordistance,ATCmayamendordeletethisrequirementpriortoor
aftertake-off.Allothertrackingandaltituderequirementsmustbe
compliedwith.
2.2.11Whenaninstrumentdeparturecontainsa“crossatorabove”
requirementpilotsmustadviseATCifthisrequirementcannotbemet.This
requirementwillnotapplyiftheaircrafthasbeenclearedtoalevelwhich
isbelowthelevelintherequirement.
2.2.12ATCmaycancelaninstrumentdepartureprocedureeitherpriorto
oraftertake-off,inwhichcasealternativedepartureinstructionswillbe
issued.Thecancellationwillbeachievedbyuseofthephrase:
2.2.13“CANCELSID(alternativeinstructions)”.
2.2.14Onceaninstrumentdepartureprocedurehasbeencancelleditwill
notbereinstatedoranalternativeinstrumentdepartureprocedureoffered
exceptwiththespecificapprovalofthepilot.
2.2.15SIDsterminatewhentheaircraftisestablishedontheclearedroute.
2.2.16ThepilotmustadviseATCifclearedviaaSIDthatrequirestheuse
ofnavigationaidsnotavailabletothepilotorwhentheaircraft
performancewillnotenablethepublishedcriteriatobeachieved.
2.2.17WhenitisnotpossibletonominateaspecifiedSID,ATCwillissue
anyrequireddepartureinstructionsinplainlanguage.
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