Enhanced Reliability of Wireless Body Area Network with abnormality detection and intelligent ...

183 Pages·2015·4.66 MB·English

by  Jing Zhou

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Supervisors:
Associate Professor Steven Su
Professor Hung Nguyen
Dr. Li Li
September, 2015
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP
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I certify that the work in this thesis has not been submitted for a degree previously or submitted as
part of requirements for a degree.
I also certify that the thesis is all written by me. Any help that I have received in my research work
has been acknowledged. Finally, I certify that all reference sources and literature used in the thesis
are indicated.
Signature of Student:
Date:
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I
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First of all, I would like to thank my supervisors Associate Professor Steven Su, Prof. Hung Nguyen
and Dr Li Li for giving me this opportunity to pursue Doctor Degree at University of Technology,
Sydney.
Secondly, I really appreciate Associate Professor Steven Su for his invaluable guidance, support,
patience, encouragement, and life teachings. He always gives me guidance and assistance
immediately when I encounter obstacles.
Then I am thankful to my friends and colleagues at FEIT of UTS. I am very appreciated and proud
to work and study with all of you. Also, I havesincere thanks to all the staff in the UGS and FEIT at
University of Technology, Sydney for their kindness and valued assistance. I also thank all the
friends who have been very helpful with comments and suggestions.
Finally I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my family for their love, support and company.
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II
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Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is an emerging technology which utilizes wireless sensors
on, around or in a human body to exchange information between a person and a control centre,
which is connected to remote stations for further analysis. WBAN will generate more reliable and
efficient services in health care and sports training facilities with the developing technology in
information and communication. But the reliability is still a challenge for widespread applications
due to some constraints. In order to enhance the reliability some faults control mechanisms can be
considered from two aspects: fault management and fault prevention. The former remedies the data
after detecting abnormal events and the later reduces the possibility of fail packets in transmission.
So in this thesis two approaches are proposed for high reliability and better performances of WBAN.
Firstly a comprehensive and effective method, which merges statistical analysis and intelligent
computational model, is proposed to detect and identify abnormality in wireless communication.
The principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to acquire main features of the measured data
and the K-means is combined to cluster various processes for abnormalities detection. And a back
propagation (BP) neural network is constructed to identify and isolate faults.
In addition to detect abnormality for fault information, the scheme of fault prevention is generated
by intelligent management of Medium Access Control by suppressing sources of faults with smart
strategies. A centralized scheduling mechanism is generated with a fuzzy control mechanism based
on input parameters for better performance. It controls the contention window in contention access
period (CAP) and slots allocation in contention free period (CFP) respectively according to nodes'
priorities and status. The improved performance of throughput, latency, and packets breakdown are
acquired by efficient usage of bandwidth and avoidance of collision.
Furthermore this thesis proposes an intelligent management of multiple access schemes for
contention access and contention free access simultaneously in MAC with game theory. An
improved strategy is generated to manage various access schemes under different situations based
on services and link states. Nodes in a network choose various strategies for best payoff according
to different conditions including normal status, packets-oriented services, emergent situation and
bad link states with specific utility functions. The novel management model supports flexible and
efficient allocation of total resources and brings benefits for WBAN in different applications.
The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approaches are evaluated with experimental data,
simulation and analysis, which illustrates the enhanced reliability in WBAN and can be used to
promote the development of WBAN application.
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Access Control; Fuzzy control; Game theory
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CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINAL AUTHORSHIP ........................................................................................................ I
Abstract .................................................................................................................................................................... III
Contents ..................................................................................................................................................................... V
List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................................................................. VII
List of Publications ................................................................................................................................................... IX
Journal Papers ............................................................................................................................................... IX
Conference Papers ............................................................................................................................................ X
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... XI
List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................................... XIII
Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Overview of WBAN...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Terms and Cloud architecture .................................................................................................................... 3
1.3 WBAN application ..................................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 Wireless Communication Standards and Medium Access Control .......................................................... 14
1.5 Conclusions and contributions of this thesis ............................................................................................ 18
1.6 Outline of the Thesis ................................................................................................................................ 19
Chapter 2Wireless Body Area Network Structure and Reliability .......................................................................... 20
2.1 A system structure of WBAN ................................................................................................................... 20
2.2 Main requirements for WBANapplication ............................................................................................. 22
2.3 Constraints of WBAN ............................................................................................................................. 23
2.4 Reliability Challenges in WBAN ............................................................................................................ 27
2.5 Factors affect reliability...........................................................................................................................29
2.6 Related reseach of reliability in WBAN ................................................................................................... 32
Chapter 3 Abnormalities Detection of IMU based on PCA in motion monitoring .................................................. 35
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 35
3.2 Data Quality and Faults ........................................................................................................................... 35
3.3 Fault diagnosis system ............................................................................................................................ 37
3.4 Faults detection for Inertial Measurement Unit ....................................................................................... 39
3.5 Methodology of Fault detection for IMU ............................................................................................... 40
3.6 Overview of Principal Component Analysis ........................................................................................... 41
3.7 Abnormalities detection with PCA..........................................................................................................43
3.8 Application of Abnormalities Detection .................................................................................................. 44
3.9 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 48
Chapter 4 Fault detection and identification spanning multiple processes with PCA and NN ................................. 50
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 50
4.2 Overview of K4b2system ........................................................................................................................ 51
4.3 PCA and K-means ................................................................................................................................... 53
4. 4 Prediction with Artificial Neural Networks ............................................................................................ 54
4.5 Procedure of Proposed Method ............................................................................................................... 58
4.6 Experiment and results analysis .............................................................................................................. 59
4.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................. 64
Chapter 5Priority based Reliable Medium Access Mechanism in WBAN ............................................................. 66
5.1 WBAN wireless channel .......................................................................................................................... 66
5.2 Overview of IEEE 802.15.4 .................................................................................................................... 68
5.3 Structure of RMAM system model ......................................................................................................... 79
5.4 A reliable medium access mechanism ..................................................................................................... 82
5.5 Performance analysis and simulation ...................................................................................................... 85
5.6 Simulationand results analysis ................................................................................................................. 87
5.7 Conclusions and Future Work .................................................................................................................. 91
Chapter 6An optimal fuzzy control medium access in Wireless Body Area Networks ........................................... 92
6.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 92
6.2 Fuzzy Logic control ................................................................................................................................ 93
6.3 PHY and MAC ......................................................................................................................................... 96
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6.4 Major Medium access Mechanisms for CAP and CFP ........................................................................... 99
6.5 The structure of fuzzy control medium access (FCMA) ........................................................................ 100
6.6 Implementation module.......................................................................................................................... 103
6.7 Performance analysis.............................................................................................................................105
6.8 Simulation results .................................................................................................................................. 107
6.9 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 110
Chapter 7 Intelligent Management of medium resource access in Wireless Body Area Network ........................ 112
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 112
7.2Wireless Body Area Network Standard: IEEE 802.15.6 ......................................................................... 114
7.3 WBAN Performance analyses ............................................................................................................... 118
7.4 Intelligent medium access model and simulations ................................................................................ 121
7.5 Simulation and analysis ......................................................................................................................... 128
7.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................................ 131
Chapter 8 Conclusions and Future Work .............................................................................................................. 132
8.1 Development of WBAN in healthcare .................................................................................................. 132
8.2 Conclusions ........................................................................................................................................... 133
8.3 Future Work ............................................................................................................................................ 134
Reference ................................................................................................................................................................ 136
Appendix ................................................................................................................................................................ 141
VI
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ARQ Automatic repeat request
ANN Artificial Neural Network
AWGN Additive white Gaussian noise
BAN Body area network
CAP Contention access phase
CFP Contention free access phase
CCA Clear channel assessment
CW Contention window
CPV Cumulative percentage variance
ECG Electrocardiography
EEG Electroencephalography
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EMG Electromyography
GTS Guaranteed Time Slots
HR Heart rate
LAN Local Area Networks
MAC Medium Access Control
MAN Metropolitan Area Networks
MEMS Microelectromechanical Systems
PAN Personal Area Networks
PHY Physical Layer
QoS Quality of Service
VII
SINR Signal to interference plus noise ratio
SPE Squared prediction error
SpO2 Oxygen
SVD Singular value decomposition
TDMA Time division multiple access
Vo2 Oxygen uptake
WBAN Wireless Body Area Network
WSN Wireless Sensor Network
VIII
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Journal Papers
1. Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Hung Nguyen and Steven Su, Intelligent management of multiple
access schemes in Wireless Body Area Network(cid:712)Journal of Networks, 2015.10(2) , p.108-
116.
2. Mitchell Yuwonoa, Jing Zhou, Ying Guo, Branko G. Celler, Steven W. Su. Automatic
bearing fault diagnosis using particle swarm clustering and Hidden Markov Model.,
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence. 2015.
3. Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Juan Xu, Steven Su (cid:712)An optimal Fuzzy Control Medium Access
in Wireless Body Area Networks, Neurocomputing(cid:712)142(2014), p.107-114.
4. Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Branko Celler, Steven Su, Fault detection and identification
spanning multiple processes by integrating PCA with neural network, Applied soft
computing, 2014. 14(A), p.4-11.
5. XU Juan, WU Yurun, L(U) Binbin, ZHOU Jing, Asymptotic Bandwidth of Asynchronous
Impulse Radio UWB System, Journal of Tongji University (Natural Science) 2013. 41
(cid:708)4(cid:709), p.591-595.
6. Jing Zhou, Steven Su, Aihuang Guo and Weidong Chen, Abnormalities Detection of IMU
based on PCA in motion monitoring, Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2012. Vol.224,
p.535-538.
7. Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Research of Online-Learning in Higher Engineering Education(cid:712)
Industry and Information Technology Education, 2013(cid:708)8(cid:709)(cid:712)p. 83-86.
8. Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Cultivate leadership in Higher Engineering Education(cid:712)Computer
Education(cid:712)2013(cid:708)5(cid:709)(cid:712)p. 106-110.
9. Jing Zhou, Aihuang Guo, Implications of Higher Engineering Education in Australia(cid:712)
Computer Education(cid:712)2012(cid:708)21(cid:709)(cid:712)p. 98-102.
IX