Enhanced degradation of pesticide wastes in soil

107 Pages·2017·1.93 MB·English

Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and
Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
Dissertations
1996
Enhanced degradation of pesticide wastes in soil:
implications for bioremediation of agrochemical
dealer sites
Ellen Louise Kruger
Iowa State University
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Recommended Citation
Kruger, Ellen Louise, "Enhanced degradation of pesticide wastes in soil: implications for bioremediation of agrochemical dealer sites "
(1996).Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 11378.
https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/11378
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Enhanced degradation of pesticide wastes in soil: Implications for
bioremediation of agrochemical dealer sites
by
Ellen Louise Kmger
A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
Department: Entomology
Interdepartmental Major: Toxicology
Major Professors: Joel R. Coats and Todd A. Anderson
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
1996
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ii
Graduate College
Iowa State University
This is to certify that the doctoral dissertation of
Ellen Louise Kruger
has met the dissertation requirements of Iowa State University
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Co major Professor
Signature was redacted for privacy.
Co-major Professor
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Interdepartmental Major
Signature was redacted for privacy.
For the Major Department
Signature was redacted for privacy.
lie Graduate College
iii
I dedicate this dissertation to the many people who have supported me along the
way in my efforts to obtain this degree, including my parents Bemice and Bazil Wenzel,
other close relatives, friends, coworkers, and my major professors. To my son Adam, I
give special thanks for his constant support and love. I also want to dedicate this
dissertation to the memory of my closest friend, marie Rogge, who shared with me all
the trials, tribulations, and celebrations of this trek up until this past year.
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES vi
LIST OF TABLES viii
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1
Dissertation Objectives 13
Dissertation Organization 14
CHAPTER 2. EVALUATION OF THE DEGRADATIVE CAPABILITIES OF
SOILS FROM PESTICIDE-CONTAMINATED SITRS:INFLUENCE OF TWO
PLANT SPECIES ON THE DEGRADATION OF AGED RESIDUES 16
Abstract 16
Introduction 18
Materials and Methods 19
Results and Discussion 28
Conclusions 36
Acknowledgments 36
References 37
CHAPTER 3. SCREENING STUDY FOR ENHANCED HERBICIDE
DEGRADATION IN SOILS FROM PESTICIDE-CONTAMINATED SITES 40
Abstract 40
Introduction 41
Materials and Methods 43
Results and Discussion 46
Acknowledgments 58
Literature Cited 59
CHAPTER 4. ENHANCED DEGRADATION OF DEETHYLATRAZINE IN AN
ATRAZINE-HISTORY SOIL OF IOWA 60
Abstract 60
Introduction 61
Materials and Methods 62
Results 69
Discussion 77
Acknowledgments 80
References 81
V
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 85
GENERAL REFERENCES .88
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 94
vi
LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1.
Figure 1. Structures of major herbicides 11
/^TT A TVTTTT'Tfc
Fxguiw X. iJiiC map sji r\ipiia, oii a5iuviiciiii\^ ucmcidiii|F ill lUWct ^KJ
Figure 2. Site map of Bravo, an agrochemical dealership in Iowa 21
Figure 3. Time line of Alpha site experiment 25
CHAPTER 3.
Figure 1. Mineralization of "C-atrazine in pesticide-
contaminated soils from Alpha and Bravo sites.
Standard deviations are indicated by the bars 48
Figure 2, Mineralization of "C-atrazine in pesticide-
contaminated soils from Echo and Foxtrot sites.
Standard deviations are indicated by the bars 49
Figure 3. Mineralization of ^''C-metolachlor in pesticide-
contaminated soils from Alpha and Bravo sites.
Standard deviations are indicated by the bars 50
Figure 4. Mineralization of '"C-metolachlor in pesticide-
contaminated soils from Echo and Foxtrot sites.
Standard deviations are indicated by the bars 51
Figure 5. Mineralization of "C-alachlor in pesticide-
contaminated soils from Alpha and Bravo sites.
Standard deviations are indicated by the bars 52
Figure 6. Mineralization of '"C-alachlor in pesticide-
contaminated soils from Echo and Foxtrot sites.
Standard deviations are indicated by the bars 53