Table Of ContentМИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ
ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«МИРЭА ‐ Российский технологический университет»
(РТУ МИРЭА)
Чугаева К. М., Фролова О. А., Ким Ю. Х.
English in Progress
Учебно-методическое пособие
Москва 2021
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Авторский коллектив:
Чугаева Ксения Максимовна, ассистент каф. иностранных языков РТУ МИРЭА
Фролова Ольга Алексеевна, к.ф.н., доцент каф. иностранных языков РТУ МИРЭА
Ким Юлия Хен-Суновна, старший преподаватель каф. иностранных языков РТУ МИРЭА
Рецензенты:
Гайдамашко Игорь Вячеславович, д.псх.н., доцент, акад. РАО, директор Института
технологий управления, «МИРЭА – Российский технологический университет» РТУ МИРЭА
Дерягина Зинаида Савиновна, к.ф.н., доцент, преподаватель Департамента педагогического
образования, «Автономная некоммерческая организация дополнительного
профессионального образования»
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© Чугаева К.М., Фролова О.А.,
Ким Ю.Х., 2021
© МИРЭА – Российский
технологический университет, 2021
Contents
Unit 1. Friends. .............................................................................................................. 4
Unit 2. Media. .............................................................................................................. 12
Unit 3. Lifestyle. .......................................................................................................... 26
Unit 4. Wealth. ............................................................................................................ 33
Unit 5. Free time. ......................................................................................................... 50
Unit 6. Holidays........................................................................................................... 60
Unit 7. Learning........................................................................................................... 76
Unit 8. Change. ............................................................................................................ 87
Unit 9. Jobs. ................................................................................................................. 98
Unit 10. Memories. .................................................................................................... 109
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Unit 1. Friends.
Reading part.
Vocabulary list.
to get on well together – хорошо ладить друг с другом
to hit off with sb. –найти общий язык, подружиться
to be thick as thieves — быть закадычными друзьями/ водой не разольешь
a friendship of old standing — старая дружба/многолетняя дружба
to have something in common – иметь что-то общее
fair-weather friend – друг, который рядом только в благоприятных ситуациях, а
при возникновении сложностей и проблем – он «пропадает».
friends in high places– друзья в «высших кругах», занимающие важные посты,
которые могут содействовать в решении проблем.
circle of friends – круг друзей.
to get on like a house on fire — быстро сблизиться, подружиться
to go back a long way — быть старыми друзьями или знакомыми
to be on friendly footing with sb. — быть на дружеской ноге с кем-то
to fall out with sb over something – поссориться с кем-либо из-за чего-либо
to rely on sb – положиться на кого-либо
to give a helping hand – помогать
to make peace – мириться
to count on sb. – рассчитывать на кого-либо
Friendship
What is friendship? Some people will say that it is a feeling of mutual liking
between two or more people, other will add that it is a state when one person
understands and supports the other one.
To my mind friendship can be compared to a tree. Its seed should find good
soil and under good conditions it will grow into a tree. As the years go by the tree
stands firmer and firmer on the ground. And if it is strong enough, it will survive all
the storms and winds. But to help it, we should take care of it and love it.
The most important feeling that exists between friends is trust. It newer
appears by itself, it's the result of a long friendship and this feeling is very valuable.
Respect and tolerance are also very important; it means that you don't criticize your
friend's way of living, but try to understand him, discuss problems with him and
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explain to him what you think is good and what is bad. A friend is a person who can
help you in time, lend you any sum of money for a long period of time without any
percent, whom you can wake up in the middle of the night just to say you feel
worried or who is eager to do everything for you waiting nothing in return, who
supports you in all your beginnings and who will never betray you.
Lucky are those people who have friends. I'm happy to have lots of friends,
too. Some of them are very close, some are less. But all of them make my life
interesting and enjoyable.
I appreciate friendship. It makes happiness grow brighter and grief less painful,
because we have friends to share it with. When we doubt our ability to fulfill our
aspiration or to reach our secret goal it is our best friend who gives us a spark of
assurance. And we trust our friends and we are grateful to them. Friendship is a
bridge between loneliness and fellowship, frustration and confidence, despair and
hope, setbacks and success. That's why a true friend is a priceless gift. They are rich
who have true friends, says a proverb and I agree.
First of all, I should admit that my friends are just people. They also have
difficulties and other problems in their lives. But I can’t understand when friends let
you down. That ruins all my belief in a friendship itself. Friendship is a thing we
can’t live without. I mean, you can just live, but without fun and the idea that there is
someone who will give you his hand in a difficult situation. Nevertheless, there are
some friends, who can betray us. In order to avoid such friends we should be careful
and watch the actions of a potential friend. Anyway, time will tell who the real friend
is and who is not.
Some people pretend to be our friends just to make use of us. The real friend
will never let you down, especially when you are in dangerous. I know some people,
who wanted to be my friends just to get some benefits. I don’t blame them, because
everyone can stumble like this. You never know what to wait for in the future.
There are people who just don’t need friends. It may sound strange, but I
know people who prefer to live alone, without any relations. This is difficult to
understand, but they enjoy their lives.
Other people look for a friend in order to avoid solitude. They can’t bare
thought of being alone till the rest of their days. And if they don’t manage to find one,
they may suffer of it. Friendship with such people is not really genuine, because they
stay with you just to satisfy their wishes and take away the fear of being alone.
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Vocabulary exercises
Exercise 1. Tell us about your friend. Remember to say:
what he/she looks like;
what kind of person he or she is;
when and how you made friends;
Exercise 2. Answer the questions to find out if you are a good friend
1. How many friends do you have?
2. Do you let your friend copy your homework if he (she) hasn’t done it?
3. Do you always buy a present for your friend if he (she) has a birthday?
4. Do you share your lunch with your friend if he (she) has forgotten it?
5. Do you call your friend if he (she) is absent from …?
6. Will you help your friend if he (she) gets a bad mark in some subject?
7. Will you talk to your friend if he (she) calls you when you are watching
your favorite film?
Phrasal verbs.
get in touch (with someone) - start contact again after not speaking for some
time
keep in touch (with someone) - continue contact
get on (with someone) - have a good relationship
fall out (with someone) - stop being friends after an argument
go out (with someone) - have a romantic relationship
split up (with someone) - end a romantic relationship
Grammar Part.
In English, ‘have/ be’, in Russian, 'have/ be’, in German, 'haben/ sein'. No
matter what language we speak, we need the verbs to be and to have to say what we
have. In this article, you will learn the conjugation of verbs to be to have and their
functions, as well as analyze the tables of verbs to be to have in English. At the end,
pass the mandatory test to secure the material.
Helping verbs they are also called auxiliary verbs, that is, their auxiliary verbs
cannot be translated, they have no meaning. They are necessary for the grammatical
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structure of the sentence. We usually use auxiliary verbs with the main ones. Helping
verbs "help" the main verb (which has a real meaning).
«To be» we use it as an auxiliary verb in the following paragraphs:
In long times, such as Present Continuous and so on.
For example:
— I am reading an article about the last football match.
In passive sentences (Passive voice).
For example:
Rich crops are being raised now in this place.
Rich crops are being grown here now.
«To have» to form perfect tenses, such as Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and so
on.
For example:
— Whose teams have won in the international championship this year?
— Whose teams won the international championship this year?
It's time to pay attention to the verb to have. You will learn how to conjugate
the verb to have in all tenses in English. After studying it, we suggest you to get to
know it better and learn how it is used and what else you can use instead of have. All
this is in the article have and have got.
In English, there are abbreviations that are very often used in colloquial speech.
For example, I've been, He's got... etc.
Read a few sentences with the verbs «to be» and «to have»
e.g. My name’s Ann. I'm Dan's mother
My name is Anna. I'm Dan's mom.
Here there is an abbreviated form of name's = is and I'm = I am.
Examples:
She has plenty of money but no style.
She has a lot of money but no style.
My brother and I were good students.
I have been going in for sport for 4 years already.
I have been doing sports for four years now.
These pencils are (=cost) 10 rubles.
These pencils cost 10 rubles.
The verb to have in English in all tenses examples.
Present Simple:
— I usually have dinner at five.
Present Continuous:
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I'm having dinner now.
Present Perfect:
We've heard that awful story before.
We've heard that awful story.
Present Perfect Continuous:
Sister haven't been having much luck recently.
Sister hasn't had much luck lately.
Past Simple:
I had a shower before I left for work.
I took a shower before going to work.
Past Continuous:
My husband and I were having lunch when my brother telephoned.
When my brother called, my husband and I were having lunch.
Past Perfect:
Russ and Tim didn't have much experience with building before they started
their deck.
Past Perfect Continuous:
Lena had been having a hard time when Rita decided to give her a helping
hand.
Future Simple:
— She will have a good day.
Future Continuous:
— I promise, this time tomorrow you will be having lunch with Roberto on the
beach.
Future Perfect:
— The athletes will have done all the exercises by 3 o'clock.
How to learn the conjugation «to be» and «to have»
In short, it takes time and practice. Before using any rule, you need to know a
certain number of words. Knowing the grammar, but not knowing the words, it is
unlikely that you will be able to build sentences. Learn easy words and build
sentences with them.
The verbs to be and to have are common in English, so be careful, they are
used either as an auxiliary or as the main one. Learn to distinguish the difference, so
that in the future it will be clear how to translate sentences correctly.
Present Simple and Present Continuous describe different actions. Simple
reports regular, habitual actions that are repeated. These are permanent states, well-
known truths, laws of nature, scheduled events, everyday habits, and so on.
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On the one hand, these two grammatical forms belong to the Present tense
group, and therefore have similarities. On the other hand, the simple present is in the
Indefinite tenses group, and the simple lasting is in the Continuous tenses group, so
there are significant differences between these two grammatical forms.
The most common difference between Present Simple and Present Continuous
is that the former expresses an event or fact of the present without reference to a
specific moment, and the latter indicates events occurring at a specific moment, or a
period of time, which is important in the context of a conversation.
Present Indefinite - this is an indefinite present, this is what happens in general,
as a fact, a given, a habit, a way of life. Present Continuous expresses a certain
temporary state, a process, the current state of things, what is happening at a given
moment or in a certain period of time.
Building rules
Recall the rules for the formation of affirmative sentences in Present Simple
and Present Continuous.
In the simple present tense, after the subject, we put the verb in the first
(dictionary form), then the rest of the words. It should be remembered that if the
subject is a third person (she, he, it), then the ending-s/-es is added to the verb. To
form a construction with the verb to be in the simple present tense, after the subject,
we put the corresponding form of the verb «to be» - «am, is, are ».
To construct a sentence in Present Continuous, the subject is followed by the
verb to be, as an auxiliary verb in the appropriate form (am, is, are), and a semantic
verb with the addition of the ending -ing.
In what cases do we use the simple present tense?
The Present Simple is needed for:
1. Statements of facts and descriptions of well-known truths
For example:
Elephants live in India.
The sun sets in the west.
The sun rises in the east.
2. Descriptions of characteristic and repetitive actions or habits
For example:
I usually get up at 8 am.
I usually wake up at 8 am.
My brother goes to work by bus.
My brother takes the bus to work.
3. Expressions of feelings, personal preferences, and points of view
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For example:
She loves jazz music.
He believes in God.
Mary prefers fish to meat.
4. Notes on the schedule (transport, certain events, etc.)
For example:
Our flight leaves at 11: 30.
Departure time -11: 30.
His train arrives at 10: 00.
The Present Continuous (sometimes also called the Present Progressive) is
used to:
a. Describe events that occur at the moment of speech
For example:
John is speaking on the phone now.
Mary is reading a book at the moment.
Mary is reading a book now.
Jack is taking a bath.
Jack takes a bath.
b. Descriptions of situations that occur “near” the moment of speech
For example:
She is looking for a better job.
c. Descriptions of changing situations
For example:
English is becoming more and more popular.
d. Expressing your dissatisfaction
For example:
You are always interrupting me!
You keep interrupting me!
Exercise 1. Раскройте скобки, чтобы получить Present Simple или Present
Perfect.
1. I can’t speak about the book. I (not read) it yet.
2. Every day I (wind up) my watch at 7 o’clock in the morning.
3. It’s Friday. … you (see) him this week?
4. It’s a pity, but I (not buy) this dictionary yet.
5. As a rule, we (do) many exercises in class.
6. He (tell) this joke many times.
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