Table Of ContentDAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITÂTE
HUMANITÂRÂ FAKULTÂTE
Angïu valodas katedra
L. Rumjanceva,
B. Kalniòa
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
II
Practice
Part 2
2013
Apstiprinâts
DU Mâcîbu padomes
sçdç2013. gada 17.
februârî,protokols Nr. 61.
Grâmata “English Grammar. Morphology” (I) un
“English Grammar. Practice” (II) domâta
universitâtes jaunâko kursu studentiem gramatisko iemaòu
izkopðanai un tâlâkveidoðanai, kâ arî studentu komunikatîvo
prasmju attîstîðanai gramatikas jomâ.
Recenzenti: Dr. paed. Larisa Sardiko,
Mag. paed. Aivars Dunskis
ISBN – 9984–14–209–4
© DU izdevniecîba “Saule”,
noformçjums, 2013
PREFACE
The textbook “English Grammar” is intended for the junior
students of the Daugavpils University. The aim of the book is
to consolidate and develop students’ knowledge and skills in
the use of English grammar forms and structures.
The book consists of two parts: “Morphology” and “Prac-
tice”.
Book I presents all English parts of speech, focusing on their
categories and functions. The rules are illustrated with exam-
ples. Each chapter ends with comprehension questions to
check students’ understanding.
Besides, the questions give students a better idea of the con-
tents of the material presented and encourage them to reflect
on it.
Book II (part 1 and 2) includes various exercises meant for
developing students’ skills in the use of the grammar forms
and structures described in Book I. The exercises are focused
on the comprehension of the form, meaning and use of the
grammar structures through reflection on the forms, their trans-
formation and selection.
Besides, each unit of Book II has translation exercises, neces-
sary for the comparison of the corresponding English and stu-
dents’ native grammar constructions.
It is also important to relate each grammar construction to
various communicative situations in which it may occur. Thus
there are special communicative exercises at the end of each
unit.
At the end of each section there are revision exercises, aimed
at both consolidating and testing the material that has been
presented in earlier chapters.
CONTENTS
The Modal Auxiliary Verbs......................................................... 7
Can.................................................................................................. 7
May................................................................................................. 13
Must................................................................................................ 19
Have (got) to ................................................................................. 27
Be to............................................................................................... 29
Ought to......................................................................................... 33
Should/Ought to ..................................................................... 35
Should............................................................................................. 35
Shall ................................................................................................ 39
Will/Would...................................................................................... 41
Need............................................................................................... 43
Dare................................................................................................ 45
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 46
Test Yourself................................................................................... 60
Translation Exercises ...................................................................... 61
The Subjunctive Mood................................................................ 65
Adverbial Clauses of Unreal Condition ........................................... 65
The Subject Clause......................................................................... 71
The Predicative Clause................................................................... 72
The Object Clause.......................................................................... 74
Adverbial Clauses of Comparison (Manner) ................................... 81
Adverbial Clauses of Purpose......................................................... 84
Adverbial Clauses of Concession .................................................... 86
Simple Sentences ........................................................................... 87
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 88
Test Yourself................................................................................... 92
Translation Exercises ...................................................................... 93
The Verbals.................................................................................. 96
The Participle ................................................................................. 96
Participle I............................................................................... 96
Participle II.............................................................................. 102
Predicative Constructions with the Participle ................................. 106
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 115
Test Yourself................................................................................... 118
Translation Exercises ...................................................................... 120
The Gerund................................................................................. 123
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 139
Test Yourself................................................................................... 142
Translation Exercises ...................................................................... 143
The Infinitive.............................................................................. 144
Predicative Constructions with the Infinitive.................................. 159
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 166
Test Yourself................................................................................... 168
Translation Exercises ...................................................................... 169
The Preposition .......................................................................... 171
Prepositions of Place and Movement............................................. 171
Prepositions of Time ...................................................................... 181
Prepositions of Grammatical and Lexical Relations........................ 185
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 192
Test Yourself................................................................................... 196
The Conjunction ........................................................................ 198
The Interjection.......................................................................... 201
The Particle................................................................................. 202
Revision Exercises .......................................................................... 202
Bibliography................................................................................ 205
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THE MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS
Can
Ex. 1. Ask and answer according to the model.
Model: He can play the guitar well. – Can he play the guitar well?
– Yes, he can/ No, he can’t.
1. My brother can do this work easily. 2. Mary can play the piano. 3. He can
speak English. 4. Nick can speak French. 5. Betty can paint well. 6. They
can play chess. 7. She can teach French. 8. The child can learn many words.
9. We can see the new words on the blackboard clearly. 10. Jane can type
quickly. 11. I can buy a new dress. 12. She can dance well. 13. The girl can
skate well. 14. The pupil can read the new text fluently. 15. My sister can
do this work easily.
Ex. 2. Confirm the statements.
Model: He can play football.
He can play football, can’t he? – Yes, he can.
He cannot play football, can he? – No, he can’t.
1. The students can read and write French. 2. They can’t play tennis. 3. I
can see the picture well. 4. They can take part in the competition. 5. You
can’t go there. 6. She can’t dance well. 7. We can’t go to the cinema now. 8.
She can do this exercise. 9. I can hear you well. 10. He can’t get tickets to
the opera. 11. I can read this article. 12. We can’t go shopping. 13. I can
finish this work in time. 14. He can drive well. 15. They can’t help me.
Ex. 3. Refer the sentences to the past or future. Make all the
necessary changes.
Model: I can’t see his face. ! I couldn’t see his face. ! I’ll not be able to
see his face.
1. You can’t prove anything now. 2. I can’t make out what you mean. 3. I
can’t understand what she says. 4. I don’t think you can do anything for me.
5. She cannot answer your question. 6. I cannot answer your question.
7.You can’t recognize him, he is a new man. 8. She can’t get in touch with
me. 9. You can’t do anything of the sort. 10. She can’t believe her eyes. 11.
I can’t really understand your question.
Ex. 4. Fill in the gaps, using can for present, could for past and
shall/will be able to for future.
1. … you stand on your head? I … when I was at school but I … not now.
2. … you type? – Yes, I … type but I … not do shorthand. 3. When I’ve
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passed my driving test I … hire a car from our local garage. 4. At the end of
the month the Post Office will send him an enormous telephone bill, which
he … pay (negative). 5. When the fog lifts we … see where we are. 6.
You’ve put too much in your rucksack; you never … carry all that. 7. When
I was a child I … understand adults, and now that I am an adult I … under-
stand children (negative, negative). 8. When I first went to Spain I … read
Spanish but I … speak it (negative). 9. I’m locked in. I … get out! (nega-
tive). 10. I … learn this poem by heart.
Ex. 5. Use could or was/were able to.
1. She … sing like an angel. 2. She does not smoke any longer, because I …
persuade her to give up smoking. 3. In his childhood he … climb high trees.
4. Happily, John … swim across the river, otherwise he would have drowned.
5. He was a terrific liar: he … make anybody believe him. 6. I talked for a
long time, and in the end I … make her believe me. 7. They were not busy.
They … repair my car, but didn’t do it. 8. I was lucky enough to buy a
cheap but nice coat. I … get 15 % off the price. 9. After six hours’ climbing,
they … reach the top of the mountain. 10. My friend … speak ten lan-
guages. 11. My son was very good at figures. He … do sums better than
anyone. 12. The police were suspicious at first but I … convince them that
we were innocent. 13. I had no key so I … lock the door (negative). 14. We
… borrow umbrellas, so we didn’t get wet. 15. At five years old he … read
quite well.
Ex. 6. Use can, be able to in the appropriate form to define the
following notions:
Model: a linguist ! Student A: Whom do we call a linguist?
Student B: A linguist is a person who studies languages
and can explain their usage.
An artist; a poet; a driver; an actor; a musician; a skater; a dancer; a student;
a reader; a writer.
Ex. 7. Express strong doubt and surprise about the statements made
in the following sentences (give two variants in each case).
Model: 1. He knows the language quite well.
a) Can (could) he know the language quite well?
b)He can’t (couldn’t) know the language quite well.
2. He is waiting for someone.
a) Can (could) he be waiting for someone?
b)He can’t (couldn’t) be waiting for someone.
3. I have done it.
a) Can (could) she have done it?
b) She can’t (couldn’t) have done it.
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1. He understands every word you say. 2. She is really fond of the child. 3.
They know how to get there. 4. She is crying. 5. She is looking for some-
body. 6. She is always interfering and criticizing every single thing we do. 7.
They are always fighting. 8. But they are very fond of each other. 9. She is
trying so hard to please everybody. 10. Children like to play here. 11. He is
speaking the truth. 12. Macomber saw the lion move. 13. There was one
public meeting in the town itself. 14. The message had been pushed under
the front-door. 15. On Friday morning Bill came to my office again. 16. She
has gone down the garden path. 17. He has looked at the papers. 18. He
feels real bad about it. 18. The children are playing by the pond. 19. She
knows all about it by this time.
Ex. 8. Respond to the statements given below using can (could) to
express doubt or incredulity. Begin your response with one
of the following formulas: Really? Do you really mean it?
Is that so? I can hardly believe my ears.
1. I tried to get at Mary but in vain. Her telephone is dead all the time. 2.
Jack is anything but a good sport. He refused to give us a lift last night. 3.
Your sister is a regular kill-joy. We tried to draw her into the general talk but
she wouldn’t utter a word. 4. Where are my new gloves? I looked for them
everywhere but couldn’t find them. 5. They dashed by without so much as
saying ‘Hallo’. Strange, isn’t it? 6. She didn’t get through her examination.
Failed miserably. 7. I’m sure she’s fallen ill again. She may never be well
again. 8. She’s such an irritable lot. Quarrelled with the whole group already.
Ex. 9. Change the following sentences to express impossibility
using the modal verb can and the proper form of the
infinitive. Follow the example.
Model: I am sure it isn’t true. (to be too silly)
It can’t (couldn’t) be true. It is too silly.
A. 1. I am sure Margaret doesn’t believe these lies. (to be a clever girl) 2. I
am sure Professor Leigh isn’t at his office now. (to leave an hour ago). 3.
I am sure sensible people do not make such promises. (to be impossible
to keep them) 4. I am sure Michael isn’t playing chess. (to be busy) 5. I
am sure Nora isn’t working at her graduation paper. (to take her exams
now) 6. I am sure the Palmers aren’t staying in town. (to be too hot) 7. I
am sure boys don’t like such stories. (to be sentimental) 8. I am sure Mrs.
Davis isn’t making a cake now. (to go to the shop five minutes ago) 9. I
am sure Monica and her friends aren’t listening to music. (to have an
examination tomorrow) 10. I am sure Mr. Carter doesn’t remember such
trifles. (to be a busy man)
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B.1. I am sure the students haven’t been writing the test for an hour. (to be
only nine o’clock) 2. I’m sure Roger hasn’t spent so much money on
clothes. (to take only books) 3. I am sure the Jacksons haven’t come
back from their trip. (not to answer the phone) 4. I am sure Stan didn’t
go to the football match yesterday. (to see him at the Ansleys at the
time) 5. I am sure Anne didn’t get married last month. (not to tell any-
body about it) 6. I am sure Philip didn’t stay at home last evening. (to try
to get in touch with him and fail) 7. I am sure Bess hasn’t been working
in the reading-room more than half an hour. (not to see her there an hour
ago) 8. I am sure the Blakes haven’t been living in our town for ten
years. (to live in Boston five years ago) 9. I am sure they haven’t been
watching television so long. (to be too boring) 10. I am sure she was not
talking on the telephone with Mary when I came. (to be at hospital)
Ex. 10. Refer the following sentences to the past. Make the necessary
changes.
1. You can provide for her now. 2. ‘It can’t be true, because it is unfair!’
exclaimed David. 3. You can drop me off at Darlinghurst, if you don’t mind.
4. Algy, can you wait for me till I am thirty-five? 5. Ashley doesn’t mean
anything to her, except a friend. She can’t be crazy about him. It’s us she’s
crazy about. 6. ‘Can’t you believe me, mother?’ His mother shook her head.
7. But it can’t be right for your father to pour spirits down her throat like
that. 8. ‘Can she fail to recover?’ thought Bart. 9. Happy is a man who can
make a living by his hobby. 10. It can’t possibly be Walter. He doesn’t leave
the library till five. 11. What can they be discussing?. 12. You can spot an
Irishman or a Yorkshireman by his brogue. I can place any man within six
miles. I can place him within two miles in London. 13. I’m getting chilled to
the bone. What can Freddy be doing all this time? He’s been gone twenty
minutes. 14. ‘It’s an amazing night’, said young Tashburgh on her other side:
‘Couldn’t we get out?’ 15. She cannot deceive me. Her name cannot be
Doolittle.
Ex. 11. Form requests, expressions of permission, prohibition, using
the following word combinations.
Model: to leave the child with its grandparents
1. request: Can (could) you leave the child … .
2. permission: You can leave the child … .
3. prohibition: You can’t leave the child … .
to help smb. with his work; to do smth. directly one returns; to wait a
minute; to take smb’s picture; to take the child out walking; to have cream
with one’s tea; to drop in at a shop for some face-cream; to discuss the
subject with one’s friends.
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