Table Of ContentENGLISH
F O R E V E R YO N E
ENGLISH GRAMMAR GUIDE
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Consultant, British English
Diane Hall has been working in English language teaching for over
30 years, as a teacher, trainer, editor, publisher, and writer. She has
published several books, both general courses and grammar books,
for major English-language publishers. She has an MA in Aplied ENGLISH
Linguistics, and is currently also an Associate Lecturer in English
grammar and functional linguistics at the Open University.
F O R E V E R YO N E
Consultant, American English ENGLISH GRAMMAR GUIDE
Professor Susan Barduhn is an experienced English-language
teacher, teacher trainer, and author, who has contributed to
conditional
numerous publications. In addition to directing English-language
courses in at least four diferent continents, she has been President
of the International Association of Teachers of English as
a Foreign Language, and an adviser to the British Council negative verb
and the US State Department. She is currently a Professor
at the School of International Training in Vermont, USA.
comparative
noun
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ENGLISH
F O R E V E R YO N E
ENGLISH GRAMMAR GUIDE
conditional
negative verb
comparative
noun
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US Editors Jenny Siklos, Allison Singer
Project Editor Ben Ffrancon Davies The future with “will” 50 Object and subject questions 102
Art Editors Dominic Clifford, Paul Drislane,
Editorial AsSsuinstitaan Gtsa hSiar,r Cahla Ered wShaerdsd,e Hnelen Leech Contents The present for future events 54 Indirect questions 104
Illustrators Edwood Burn, Michael Parkin
Jacket Designers Suhita Dharamjit, Ira Sharma
Jacket Editor Claire Gell The present simple 8 The future continuous 56 Question tags 106
Jacket Design Development Manager
Sophia MTT
Producer, Pre-Production Andy Hilliard
Producer Mary Slater The present simple negative 12 The future perfect 60 Short questions 108
Managing Editor Daniel Mills
Managing Art Editor Anna Hall
Publisher Andrew Macintyre Present simple questions 14 The future in the past 62 Short answers 110
Art Director Karen Self
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
The present continuous 16 Future overview 64 Questions overview 112
DK India
Senior Managing Art Editor Arunesh Talapatra
Senior Art Editor Chhaya Sajwan Present tenses overview 20 The passive 66 Reported speech 114
Art Editor Meenal Goel
Assistant Art Editor Rohit Dev Bhardwaj
Imperatives 22 The passive in the past 68 Tenses in reported speech 116
First American Edition, 2016
Published in the United States by DK Publishing
345 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014 The past simple 24 The passive in the future 72 Reporting verbs 120
Copyright © 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited
DK, a Division of Penguin Random House LLC The past simple negative 28 The passive with modals 74 Reported speech with negatives 122
16 17 18 19 20 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001–289769–Dec/2016
All rights reserved. Past simple questions 30 Other passive constructions 76 Reported questions 124
Without limiting the rights under the copyright reserved above, no part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means The past continuous 32 Conditional sentences 78 Reported speech overview 128
(electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise),
without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Published in Great Britain by Dorling Kindersley Limited. The present perfect simple 34 Other conditional sentences 84 Types of verbs 130
A catalog record for this book
is available from the Library of Congress. The present perfect continuous 38 Conditional sentences overview 86 Action and state verbs 132
ISBN 978-1-4654-5154-5
DK books are available at special discounts when purchased
in bulk for sales promotions, premiums, fund-raising, or educational The past perfect simple 40 Future possibilities 88 Infinitives and participles 134
use. For details, contact: DK Publishing Special Markets, 345 Hudson
Street, New York, New York 10014
The future with “will” 50 Object and subject questions 102
The present for future events 54 Indirect questions 104
The future continuous 56 Question tags 106
The future perfect 60 Short questions 108
The future in the past 62 Short answers 110
Future overview 64 Questions overview 112
The passive 66 Reported speech 114
The passive in the past 68 Tenses in reported speech 116
The passive in the future 72 Reporting verbs 120
The passive with modals 74 Reported speech with negatives 122
Other passive constructions 76 Reported questions 124
Conditional sentences 78 Reported speech overview 128
Other conditional sentences 84 Types of verbs 130
Conditional sentences overview 86 Action and state verbs 132
Future possibilities 88 Infinitives and participles 134
Wishes and regrets 90 Verb patterns 138
Forming questions 94 Verb patterns with objects 142
Question words 98 Verb patterns with prepositions 145
Open questions 100 Phrasal verbs 146
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Modal verbs 152 Quantity 202 Comparative adjectives 258 Linking words overview 312
Ability 154 Approximate quantity 208 Two comparatives together 263 Prefixes 314
Permission, requests, and offers 156 Personal pronouns 210 “As... as” comparisons 266 Suffixes 316
Suggestions and advice 158 Reflexive pronouns 212 Superlative adjectives 268 Easily confused phrases 320
Obligations 162 Indefinite pronouns 216 Adverbs of manner 272 Sequencing and organizing 322
Making deductions 164 Possession 220 Comparative and superlative adverbs 274 Correcting and changing the subject 324
Possibility 166 Defining relative clauses 226 Adverbs of degree 276 Deciding and hedging 326
Articles 168 Non-defining relative clauses 228 Adverbs of time 280 Making conversation 328
Articles overview 174 Other relative structures 230 Adverbs of frequency 282
“This / that / these / those” 176 Question words with “-ever” 232 “So” and “such” 284 Reference 330
“No / none” 180 “There” 234 “Enough” and “too” 286 Glossary 350
“Each / every” 182 Introductory “it” 238 Prepositions 288 Index and Acknowledgments 354
“Either / neither / both” 184 Shifting focus 240 Prepositions of place 290
Singular and plural nouns 188 Inversion 242 Prepositions of time 292
Countable and uncountable nouns 190 Ellipsis 244 Other prepositions 296
Subject-verb agreement 192 Shortening infinitives 246 Dependent prepositions 298
Abstract and concrete nouns 194 Substitution 250 Coordinating conjunctions 302
Compound nouns 196 Adjectives 252 Subordinating conjunctions 306
Numbers 198 Gradable and non-gradable adjectives 256 More linking words 310
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Comparative adjectives 258 Linking words overview 312
Two comparatives together 263 Prefixes 314
“As... as” comparisons 266 Suffixes 316
Superlative adjectives 268 Easily confused phrases 320
Adverbs of manner 272 Sequencing and organizing 322
Comparative and superlative adverbs 274 Correcting and changing the subject 324
Adverbs of degree 276 Deciding and hedging 326
Adverbs of time 280 Making conversation 328
Adverbs of frequency 282
“So” and “such” 284 Reference 330
“Enough” and “too” 286 Glossary 350
Prepositions 288 Index and Acknowledgments 354
Prepositions of place 290
Prepositions of time 292
Other prepositions 296
Dependent prepositions 298
Coordinating conjunctions 302
Subordinating conjunctions 306
More linking words 310
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“-S” AND “-ES” ENDINGS
The present simple
With some verbs, “-es” is added for “he,” “she,” and “it.”
These include verbs ending with “-sh,” “-ch,” “-o,” “-ss,” “-x,” and “-z.”
The present simple is used to make simple statements See also:
of fact, to talk about things that happen repeatedly, Present continuous 4 Present for future
and to describe things that are always true. events 19 Adverbs of frequency 102
THE PRESENT SIMPLE “-es” is added to “-es” is added to “-es” is added to
verbs ending verbs ending verbs ending
To make the present simple of most verbs, with “-o.” with “-sh.” with “-ch.”
use the base form (the infnitive without “to”).
The base form of Adverbs of frequency
the verb “to eat.” are often used with the
present simple.
“-es” is added to “-es” is added “-es” is added to
verbs ending to verbs ending verbs ending
with “-ss.” with “-x.” with “-z.”
With “he,” “she,” and “it,” add “-s” to the base form.
FURTHER EXAMPLES
FURTHER EXAMPLES
COMMON MISTAKES FORMING THE PRESENT SIMPLE
When the present simple is used with There is no need to add the auxiliary verb
“he,” “she,” “it,” or one person’s name, “do” when forming the present simple. It is
it always ends in “-s” or “-es.” only used to form questions and negatives.
HOW TO FORM
The base form of the verb.
An “s” is added to the
SUBJECT VERB REST OF SENTENCE base form “start.”
“Start” without an “s” is only used “Do” is only used as an auxiliary verb when
With “he,” “she,” and “it,” “-s” is added. for “I,” “you,” “we,” and “they.” forming negatives or questions.
8 9
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