Table Of Content1
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЛЕСОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ Г.Ф. МОРОЗОВА»
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ENGLISH FOR ECONOMISTS AND MANAGERS
Методические указания к практическим занятиям для студентов
по направлениям подготовки 38.03.01 – Экономика, 38.03.02 – Менеджмент
Воронеж 2017
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ББК 81.432.1
Литвинова, Ю. А. Иностранный язык. Английский язык. English for Economists
and Managers [Текст] : методические указания к практическим занятиям
для студентов по направлениям подготовки 38.03.01 – Экономика,
38.03.02 – Менеджмент / Ю. А. Литвинова ; М-во образования и науки РФ,
ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ». – Воронеж, 2017. – 24 с.
Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета
ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ» (протокол № 4 от 12 мая 2017 г.)
Рецензент директор Центра коммуникативных исследований
ФГБОУ ВО «ВГУ» д-р филол. наук, проф. И.А. Стернин
Литвинова Юлия Алексеевна
ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
ENGLISH FOR ECONOMISTS AND MANAGERS
Методические указания к практическим занятиям для студентов
по направлениям подготовки 38.03.01 – Экономика, 38.03.02 – Менеджмент
Редактор Е.А. Богданова
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ФГБОУ ВО «Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет
имени Г.Ф. Морозова»
РИО ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ». 394087, г. Воронеж, ул. Тимирязева, 8
Отпечатано в УОП ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ». 394087, г. Воронеж, ул. Докучаева, 10
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Оглавление
Unit 1…………………………………………………………………………4
Unit 2…………………………………………………………………………5
Unit 3…………………………………………………………………………7
Unit 4…………………………………………………………………………8
Unit 5………………………………………………………………………..10
Unit 6………………………………………………………………………..11
Unit 7………………………………………………………………………..13
Unit 8………………………………………………………………………..15
Unit 9………………………………………………………………………..17
Unit 10………………………………………………………………………19
Unit 11………………………………………………………………………21
Unit 12………………………………………………………………………22
Библиографический список ………………………………………………24
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UNIT 1
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
THE SOLE PROPRIETOR
Different types of business organization may be classified under five headings:
the sole proprietor, the partnership, the joint stock company, the co-operative society,
and the public corporation.
The sole proprietor is the simplest and the oldest form of business enterprise
and often referred to as the one-person business. A single person provides the capital,
takes the decisions, and assumes the risks. He or she is solely responsible for the
success or failure of the business and has the sole rights to such profits as may be made,
or bears the sole responsibility for such losses as may accrue.
The strength of this type of firm lies in the direct personal interest of the
proprietor in the efficiency of his enterprise. Ownership and control are vested in one
person who enjoys all the fruits of success and has a great incentive to run the firm
efficiently? This type of organization is expected to be extremely flexible and capable
of quick and easy adjustment to changes in market conditions.
The great disadvantage of the sole proprietor lies in the fact that the owner is
personally liable for the debts incurred by his firm and his liability is unlimited. All his
personal possessions are at risk and may be seized to meet creditor's demands. Another,
disadvantage of this type of firm is the strict limitation of its ability to .acquire capital of
expansion. Finance is restricted to the amounts which the entrepreneur is able to provide
from his own resources and whatever sums he can borrow on his own security.
We find the one-person business prevalent in farming, forestry, retailing,
building, and repair work.
Exercise 2. Make the sentences
1 The one-person, the sole, business, is, proprietor.
2 The risks, person, assumes, a single.
3 Expected, this, flexible, to be, type, is, of organisation.
4 All, one, the fruits, enjoys, of success, person.
5 In, vested, control, person, is, one.
6 Person, capital, provides, a single, the.
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7 Profits, he, rights, has, the sole, such, to.
8 The oldest, of business, is, form, proprietor, the sole.
9 Unlimited; his, is, liability.
10 Possessions, at risk, personal, his, are, all.
11 Resources, provides, finance, he, from, own, his.
Exercise 3. Put special questions to the marked words
1 The sole proprietor is often referred to as the one- person business.
2 She is solely responsible for the failure of the business.
3 The strength of this type of firm lies in the personal interest of the proprietor.
4 A single person provides the capital.
5 He bears the sole responsibility for such losses as may accrue.
6 The firm is capable of quick and easy adjustment to changes in market
conditions.
7 Finance is restricted to the amounts which the entrepreneur is able to provide.
8 Another disadvantage of this type of firm is the limitation of its capital.
9 The owner is personally liable for the debts incurred by his firm.
10 All his possessions are seized to meet the creditor's demands.
11 He husjhe sole rights to such profits as may be made.
UNIT 2
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
THE PARTNERSHIP
Partnerships are voluntary combinations from 2 to 20 persons formed for the
purpose of carrying on business with a view of profit. This type of organization
represents a logical development from one-person business since the obvious method by
which such a firm may acquire further capital is to form a partnership. The motive,
however, may not be financial and partnerships are often formed in order to bring new
ability and enterprise into the business.
Partners usually specialize in one or more aspects of business, one may be
responsible for buying, one for selling, one for production, and so on. A person who joins
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a partnership, supplying capital and sharing in the profits, but taking no part in the
management is known as a sleeping partner.
The advantages of this type of firm are similar to those of one-person business.
It is a flexible organization which allows a greater degree of specialization than the
one-person business. Since it has greater access to capital, it can achieve greater size
than the sole proprietor.
The great disadvantage is the fact that the liability of the partners is unlimited
and they are fully liable for the acts of the other partners. There are, however, some
limited partnerships. In such firms some partners may have their liability limited to
some specified sum, but at least one of the partners must have unlimited liability.
The survival of a partnership depends upon the continued harmonious
relationship between a number of people in situations which often give much cause
for disagreement. Where trading risks are very great, the partnership is not a very
stable type of organisation.
Exercise 2. Find the answers in the text
1 . What is the partnership?
2 . What is the purpose of the partnership?
3 . What is the method to acquire further capital?
4 . What are the motives to form the partnership?
5 . What are partnerships often formed for?
6 . Who is responsible for buying, for selling, and for production in the partnership?
7 . What is a sleeping partner?
8 . What is the difference between the partnership and the sole proprietor?
9 . What is the great disadvantage of the partnership?
10. What is the liability of the partners?
11. What are the situations which often give much cause for a disagreement?
12. Where is the partnership unstable?
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UNIT 3
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
THE JOINT STOCK COMPANY
The most important form of business organization is the joint stock company. It
consists of an association of people who contribute towards a joint stock of capital for
the purpose of carrying on business with a view to profit. A company may be defined as
a legal person created to engage in business, capable of owning productive assets, of
entering into contracts, and employing labour in the same way as an individual.
There are two kinds of joint stock companies, the private company and the
public company. In general, private companies are small firms, often consisting of the
members of one family. The public companies are much larger units and account for
about two-thirds of all the capital employed by companies. Both public and private
companies must have at least 2 members.
A private company must include the word «Private» in its name while a public
company must have the words «public limited company» at the end of its name
although this can be abbreviated to pic.
The basic distinction between a private and a public company is that a public
company can offer its shares and debentures for sale to general public. In the case of a
private company it would be a criminal offence to ask the public to subscribe to its
shares.
All companies must file annually details of their turnover, profits, assets, and
other financial information about the structures and activities.
Exercise 2. Find the predicate and make it negative
1 The most important form of business organisation is the joint stock company.
2 It consists of an association of people.
3 They contribute towards a joint stock of capital for the purpose of carrying
on business.
4 A company is defined as a legal person created to engage in business.
5 This company is capable of entering into contracts.
6 There are two kinds of joint stock companies.
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7 Private companies are small firms, often consisting of the members of one
family.
8 The public companies are much larger units.
9 Both public and private companies have at least 2 members.
10 A private company includes the word "limited" in its name.
11 A public company offers its shares and debentures for sale to general public.
12 All companies file their financial information about the structures and
activities.
Exercise 3. Make sentences
The joint stock company have the word "limited" in its
name.
A private company can offer their financial information.
Both companies is as a legal person.
A public company are at least 2 members.
All companies may be defined small firms.
Private company must file its shares for sale.
A company includes the most important form of
business organization.
UNIT 4
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
CO-OPERATIVES
There are basically two forms of co-operative enterprises, one which operates on
the basis of worker control and one on the basis of consumers' control.
The idea of workers establishing their own production units, raising the capital by
their own efforts, electing the management from their own ranks, and sharing the profits
according to some agreed formula, is quite an old one. Some of these workers' co-
operatives have been launched with government money and have been established as a
result of workers' refusal to accept management's views that the firm is not viable and
must be closed down. This type of business organization has proved very successful in
agriculture and forestry. The basic principles on which the consumers' co-operatives
are founded are:
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1) the society is owned by the customers who purchased at least one share; 2) the
profits are distributed according to the value of a member's purchase and are known as
dividends; 3) the society is democratically controlled on the basis of 'one member vote'.
The members of each society elect a management committee which is
responsible for the general policy, but the day-to-day operations are in the hands of
full-time salaried officials appointed by the management committee. The Coops have
been forced to merge themselves into larger units in order to obtain the economies of
scale to compete with the very large retail organizations which have developed in
recent years. Nowadays the co-operative societies seek to widen their markets and to
extend the workers' and consumers' control both through their own activities and in
supporting political movements which advocate their principles.
Exercise 2. Make the sentences negative and interrogative … ask questions
1 The members of each society elect a management committee.
2 The full-time officials are appointed by the management committee.
3 The day-to-day operations are in the hands of full-timed salaried officials.
4 The Coops have been forced to merge themselves into larger units.
5 They compete with the very large retail organisations.
6 Very large retail organisations have developed in recent years.
7 The co-operative societies seek to widen their markets.
8 The Coops extend the workers' and consumers' control.
9 The society is democratically controlled.
10 Some political movements advocate their principles.
11 The profits are distributed according to the value of a member's purchase.
12 These workers' co-operatives have been established as a result of workers'
refusal to accept management's views.
Exercise 3. Write out a few short sentences from the text about
a) two forms of co-operative enterprises;
b) the workers' co-operatives;
c) the consumers' co-operatives.
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UNIT 5
Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.
THE PUBLIC CORPORATION
In recent years whenever the state has decided to transfer the ownership of an
industry from the private sector to the public sector, the public corporation has been the
type of business organization adopted for the purpose of running the industry.
The public corporation is a separate legal identity like the company, but there are
no private shareholders. The government owns the capital and appoints the members of
the controlling board who have functions very similar to directors except that they are
answerable to the government and not to shareholders.
In its day-to-day management, however, the controlling board is given wide
freedom of action. When commercial enterprises were brought under public
ownership it was felt that the direct control by Parliament was not appropriate for
enterprises where uncertainty and risk-taking called for quick decisions of a strictly
commercial nature. The public corporation, therefore, is an attempt to obtain a
satisfactory compromise between public responsibility and commercial efficiency.
The main purpose of the public corporation is to provide an efficient public
service at a reasonable price. It does not aim to maximize its profits, but it is charged
with the duty of paying its way. Any profits made by a public corporation must be
used for capital investment, the lowering of prices, or the raising of wages. Such
losses as have been made by public corporations have been financed by government
loans.
While the joint stock company exists primarily for the purpose of making
profits, the aim of the public corporation is to act in the public interest and to cover its
costs.
Exercise 2. Answer the questions
1 What has the state decided to do in recent years?
2 What has been adopted for the purpose of running the industry?
3 What is like the public company?
4 Who owns the capital?
5 Who appoints the members of the controlling board?
