Table Of ContenttCC(t>
E N G L I S H - A R A B IC
D I C T I O N A R Y.
FOK THE USE OF BOTH
TRAVELLERS AND STUDENTS.
STANFORD LIBRARIES
i
* BY
F. STEINGASS, Ph.D.,
OP THE UNIVERSITY OF MUNICH.
LONDON :
W. H. ALLEN & CO., 13 WATERLOO PLACE,
PALL MALL. S.W.
PUBLISHERS TO TH^ INDIA OFFICE.
5
J- t 4 <j J
LOMDOM :
PUIVTVD I\ V.. L'. ALLEN A C O 13 WATERLOO PI.AJK.
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« • V \9 • • • •
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PREFACE.
THE object of this book is clearly indicated by the title:
it is intended to be a companion to the Traveller who visits
the East for pleasure or business purposes, and a help to
the advanced Student who begins to translate from English
into Arabic. In the interest of the Traveller, therefore,
primary regard is paid to the modern idiom, as it is spoken
at the present day, principally in Egypt - and Syria. For
the benefit of the Student, on the other hand, to still
greater extent, recourse has been had to the literary and
even poetical Vocabulary; nay, in order to give a fuller
idea of the character and richness of this remarkable
language, numerous words have been inserted which belong
to various slang dialects, as, for instance, the nicknames
given to the principal necessaries of life in the Tufaili
dialect. Any reader versed in these studies will, therefore,
on close examination, find a great deal of curious and
useful information condensed in this comparatively small
volume.
Guided by the idea that the task of a Dictionary is to
supply those etymological facts which cannot be taught by
the Grammar, the Author has excluded regular forms of
inflexion, but carefully recorded the irregular plurals of
nouns and adjectives, both in the Arabic and Roman
iv PREFACE.
character, and given in fall the Aorists of verbs after the
Preterites, in transliteration, both of them in the third
person singular. On the above-stated principle, he might
have dispensed with the Aorists of the derived forms, and
of quadriliteral verbs, as these are regularly formed from
their Preterites. To enhance the usefulness of the book,
however, it appeared ad visible to give those Aorists also.
He who studies the language, not from a scholarly point
of view, but for practical ends, can scarcely be expected
always to remember the rules for the formation of this class
of words, and will be glad to find them ready to hand. At
the same time, the knowledge of the Aorists enables him to
form from them the active and passive participles, or, in
the parlance of the Arabic Grammarians, the nouns of the
" Agent" and "Patient"; and thus it became feasible to
pass over a great many words, which in English are either
originally participles, or nouns derived from verbs by the
syllables -er, -or, -tor, &c. The Arabic for such words has,
therefore, only been given when they have a particular
form or a particular meaning of their own. A few examples
will illustrate this.
On page 1 of the present volume we find the words
Abandoned, Abashed, Abet, Abide. The rules* for the
# These rules are :—The Agent of a triliteral verb follows the measure
JcU fd'il, that is to say, the first consonant of the root is pronounced
with fi, the second with i. Its Patient follows the measure maf'dl,
viz. the syllable ma is placed before the root, whose first consonant is
pronounced without a vowel, whilst the second takes u. From derived
forms and quadriliteral verbs the two participles are obtained by
changing the initial yu or ya of the Aorist into mu and pronouncing
y
the last consonant but one with i (/.) for the Agent, with a (<>.) for the
Patient. Compare the examples, mukis, malruk, mudtiwiui, musta^im,
muhajjal, given above.
PliEFACE. V
formation of the Agent and Patieut teach us that
"abandoned," in the sense of 44forsaken," would be
matrulc; in the sense of "given over," musallam. There-
fore only the meaning of " profligate " has been rendered
into Arabic. From the verb hajjal, " he abashed," the
participle muhajjal is regularly derived ; but besides that,
the form hajldn is in use, and has consequently been
mentioned as an equivalent. From the Arabic Preterite
makas or the Aorists yastaqim, yudawim, the active
participles, mdkis, mustatfim, mud&wim, are as easily
formed as the English " abiding " from the infinitive
"to abide"; and if the Reader knows that the Arabic
word yuharrik means " he abets" or " incites," he will
not have the slightest difficulty in translating the English
word " abettor " by muharrik.
By this appeal to the spontaneous mental activity of an
intelligent Student space has been gained for a far greater
number of words, both English and Arabic, than other-
wise could have been comprised in a volume of the same
size.
With regard to the sources from which this Dictionary
has been compiled, the Author was not contented to
consult and to follow the works of a similar scope, which
have appeared in France, Germany, and in this country,
but he has largely supplemented the information thus
gathered by extensive reading of the best Arabic writers
up to the present day. Not only Hariri and the Arabian
Nights have amply contributed to this little volume, but
the works of contemporary authors, as Nasif-al-Yaziji,
Dr. Bustani, Faris-el-Shidiac, &c., Manuals in different
branches of knowledge, written by natives, and translations
vi
PREFACE.
from European standard books into Arabic, have afforded
valuable assistance. Unfortunately the whole of the
manuscript was in the hands of the publishers before
Dr. Badger's great Dictionary came out, and during the
ensuing year, while the printing was unavoidably delayed,
the Author's time was fully taken up in preparing an
Arabic-English Dictionary, on a vastly enlarged plan (now
in the Press); so that, to his very great regret, he could
not avail himself of the substantial help which this
important work undoubtedly would have lent him.
Nobody can be more keenly alive to the imperfections
of this book than the Author, and he will be thankful for
any hint which fair and intelligent criticism may have to
offer him, with a view to future corrections and improve-
ments in another edition. Still, as it is, he ventures to
hope that he has, in a certain measure, supplied a real
want; and he will feel himself amply rewarded for the care
and labour bestowed on it, if it affords aid and wins friends
to the study of a language which not only possesses great
beauties of its own, and a rich literature, but which will
also become of more and more practical importance to
Englishmen, as the Eastern policy of the empire follows
out its destinies—let us hope, not in narrow-minde I hostility
to, but in friendly and mutually advantageous alliance with,
the Muhammadan World.
F. STEINGASS.
LONDON, September 13th 1882,
on the day of the Batik of TeUel-Kebir.
vn• t
TRANSLITERATION.
TUB Arabic letters have, in this volume, been transliterated as
follows: —
t a, i, u, at the beginning of a word (see the remark on the
Hamzah below).
b.
<*> t.
s. Pronounced like the English th in thing.
» j.
C T. A guttural aspirate, stronger than h.
t h. Pronounced like the Scotch ch in loch.
* d.
z. Pronounced like the English th in that, with,
ij* s.
J* sh. Pronounced like the English sh in shut.
\j> 9. Strongly articulated s.
<J> d. Similar to the English th in this.
I» Strongly articulated palatal t.
I 2. Strongly articulated palatal z.
£ Strong guttural, the pronunciation of which must be
learnt bv the ear.
t
g.
u f.
<i q-
k.
J 1-
f m.
0) n.
ft h.
J w.
cs y.
The Hamzah has not been marked at the beginning of a word, where
it has always the Alif for a prop, and is pronounced as a, i, u, preceded
r
by a very slight aspiration, like h in the English word " honour."
The vowel signs have been rendered by a for —, i for —, u for —; the
— | — c —
long vowels by a for , —, or ^, i for , e for -, ai for ^ -, 4 for
J «n> ©
j—, o for , aw for f, all to be pronounced as in Italian or
German.
The Arabic ^ „ and J— are represented by i-y and ii-w, the feminine
termination 8— by a-t, in which cases the final letters are joined to the
Vlll
TRANSLITERATION
bodies of the words by a hyphen, *o show that in modern Arabic they
are not to be pronounced, unless the two former are followed by a
feminine or plural termination, or the feminine noun in S- is placed in
a state of construction with a pronominal suffix, or another noun pre-
ceded by the article.
AS
ENGLISH - ARABIC DICTIONARY.
A, indef. art. frequently expressed ji^t rayisa-t ad-dair;
ABBESS, S.
by 8 (fern, term.) subjoined to rayisa-t ar-rahibat.
a generic noun, as, gamar, dair (pi. duy&ra-t,
ABBEY, S. JT* FY*
" f r u i t s a m a r a - 1, "a fruit." adyira-t).
ABACK, adv. (backwards) wara; ABBOT, 8. rayis ad-dair
\%* min wara.—(by surprise) (pi. rusa) ; rayis
S&t <ala gafla-t. ar-ruhban.
ABANDON, V. (leave) tarak, ya- ABBREVIATE, V. qa§$ar, yuqa?-
truk; hajar, yahjur; ?ir; ihta$ar, yahta§ir.
hajar, yuhajir.—(give over) pX- ABBREVIATION, 8. ihtigar
sallam, yusallim. iqti^ar.
ABANDONED, adj. (profligate) ABDICATE, V. JjU> tanazal 'an,
fajir (pi. j^i fujjar, fawa- yatanazal; J)*» ta'azzal, yata'az-
jir) ; fasiq (pi. fasa- zal; i'tazal, ya'tazil.
qa-t, jt-i fussaq). ABDICATION, S. JK*^ i'tiz&L; J^Y
ABANDONMENT, s.a. dy tark; nuzul; JjU> tanazul; df tark.
hajr; hijran; n. in- ma'na-t (pi. -at,
ABDOMEN, &U
tirak; ^^ inhijar. y fy mu'fin, mu'un).
ABASE, V. JJ3 zallal, yuzallil; J^ ABDUCTION, S-JL- salb;
azall, yuzill; haqqar, yufcaq- hatf.
qir; watta, yuwattl.
ABERRATION, J)U 4ALAL;
ABASED, adj. JJ3 zalil (pi. AM tauhan; gala{.
zilal, azilla, azilla-t); ALBET, V. (incite) ^ hamal
muhtaqar. 'ala, yahmil; harrak (ala,
s. ljaqara-t; yuharrik.—(back up) gadd
ABASEMENT, S^U*.
tafcqir ; J t a z l i l. zahra-hu, yaiidd.
bajjal, yu^ajjil; s.^te ta'ahhur.
ABASH, V. ABEYANCE,
haza, yahzi. karih, yakrah;
ALBHOB, V. **
ABASHED, adj. bajl&N. bagad, yabgud.
v.a. JU qallall, yuqallil; s. istikrah;
ABATE, ABHORRENCE,
naqqa§, yunaqqi?; n. ^/karaha-t; ^/karahiya-t.
naqa$, yanqu?. qa'ad, yaq'ud ;
ABIDE, V.
ABATEMENT, s. J e te taqlil; u^^Atf istaqam, yastaqim ; <XX« makas,
tanqig ; nuq? ; nuqgan; yamkus. — (continue) ^ dam,
mukasara-t. yadum; dawam, yudawim.
1
ABI] [ABB
ABILITY, 8. FYJKI qudra-t; iqti- ABORTIVE, adj. masqut;
dar; qabiliya-t. (- jahi<J ; yai^ naqis.
adj. haqir; v. kasur, yaksur;
ABJECT, ABOUND,
basis, J^j wagd (pi. oUfc^ fad, yafid ; fa wafar, yafir, s ^
augad). ha§ab, yahsib.
daniya-t (pi. prep. haul.—(speaking
ABJEGTNESS, S. ABOUT, JY*
WUJ danaya); dana'at; of time) J^c 'and; f* nahw.—
zilla-t; S;^. haqarat. (concerning) 'an; ^ fi.
ABJTTBE, v. j&j rafad, yarfud; *** ABOUT, adv. taqriban; f*
jahad, yajhud; nakir, yankar; nahw.
ankar, yunkir; artadd, prep. adv. fauq.—(more
ABOVE, JY
yartadd. than) aksar min.
s. ^y^t- juhftd; akal, ya'kul.
ABJURATION, ABRADE, V. JFL
irtidad. ABRASION, 8. UY- saraf, J^ akl.
adj. yVs qadir; J>Vi qabil. adv. ^ fi saff-in
ABLE, ABREAST,
ABLUTION, 8. gasl, gusl; J L^ waliid-in.
igtisal. — (before prayer)
ABRIDGE, V., ABRIDGEMENT, see
wadu.— (wito tayam-
ABBREVIATE, ABBREVIATION.
mum. adv. (without doors)
ABROAD,
ad/. <$y W <Judd al- harijan.—(put of the country),
ABNORMAL,
qanun ; gair madbut. barran.
adv. ^ fi-'l-mar- v. JM ibfal, yubtfl; Ji*
ABOARD, ABROGATE,
kab. battal, yubaftil; nasah, yan-
ABODE, 8. maskan (pi. sah.
masakin); mahall (pi. JW* s. ib^al;
ABROGATION,
mahall) ; Jy* manzil (pi. JjU* nash; csJy tark.
manazil). adj. (steep) waqif;
ABRUPT, y
abtal, yub^il; ^amih.—(sudden) ^JLc
ABOLISH, V. JM
nasah, yansah, fasah, yaf- 4ala gafla-t.
sah. 8. (rudeness) ^V-fcA.
ABRUPTNESS,
ha£ana-t.
ABOLITION, s. JM IBT^I; tab-
til, butlan. ABSCESS, 8. ^ habba-t; J^^ dum-
adj. karih ; mal, dummala-t (pi. J^Uo
ABOMINABLE,
makruh; 6ani'; damamil); dumbala-t (pi.
mamqut; maqit. danabil) qarh (pi. t)j*
v. karih, yakrah; quruh).
ABOMINATE,
istakrah, yastakrih; fj^i v. ihtafa, yahtafi;
ABSCOND,
bagad, yabgud; maqat, inqalaS yanqali4.
yamqut. ABSENCE, 8. gaiba-t; S^W^
s.a. makraha-t, giyab.
ABOMINATION,
makruha-t; kahr, kuhr; n. gab, yagib.
ABSENT, V.
L/i* makrftha-t; M 6ani'a-t ABSENT, adj. (in mind) OAA— mu-
(pi. fonayi'); ***** qabi- ^attat; sahi.
ha-t (pi. qaMyih, cW* qi- s. gayib.
ABSENTEE, S-^^
Mh). adj. (despotic)
ABSOLUTE,
adj. s. ^JA a?li-y; mu^laq; Jtel* mustaqill. — (com-
ABORIGINAL,
awwali-y; fi^ plete) kamil; ^ tainm; ^UJ
mutawaftin min qadim az- tamam.
zaman. s. 'af 11; Syuu mag-
ABSOLUTION,
ABORTION, 8. isqat; C^ TFRK fira-t; gufran; J s^ tah-
turl?. lil.
• •
Description:Arabic-English Dictionary, on a vastly enlarged plan (now in the Press); so that, to his very great regret, he could not avail himself of the substantial
