Engineering Properties and Applications of Lead Alloys

652 Pages·1999·45.16 MB·English

by  Guruswamy

ENGINEERING
PROPERTIES AND
APPLICATIONS OF
LEAD ALLOYS
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ENGINEERING
PROPERTIES AND
APPLICATIONS OF
LEAD ALLOYS
Sivaraman Guruswamy
University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah
Prepared for the International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc.
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
MARCEL
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Foreword
This book represents the first new compilation on lead technology in a half
century. Prior to this publication, the definitive source on lead was Wilhelm
Hoffman's Leacl and Leacl Alloys-P1.c)pc.r-ties und Technology, the tirst edi-
tion of which was published in German in 1941, based on the research work
Hoffman and his colleagues conducted at the Lead Research Center in Ber-
lin. Following World War 11, there was a major expansion in the technical
and scientific literature on lead and several years' work was required before
the second edition of the book was published in 1962. That book contained
virtually all the relevant technical data on lead, its alloys, and its uses, along
with processing methodologies. An English translation by Hoffman was pub-
lished in 1970. It is noteworthy that in the forewordH offmann otes the
initiative of the then relatively young International Lead Zinc Research Or-
ganization (ILZRO) to carry out an active international program of research
on lead.
ILZRO is pleased to have sponsored the work of Sivaraman Gurus-
wamy and trusts that his efforts will ensure that modern technical knowledge
of the properties of this ancient metal will be readily available to technol-
ogists in the new century.
Special acknowledgment must be paid to Jeffrey Zelms, president of
the Doe RunC ompany,a nd to Charles Yanke, president of VulcanL ead
Resources,b oth of whomr ecognized the need for thisb ook and urged
ILZRO to undertake this project.
.leume F. Cols
President
International Lead Zinc Research Organization, Inc.
V
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Preface
Lead is a rare element in the earth’s crust, but since it is found in concen-
trated deposits it can be produced atl ow cost, and ranks fifthi n tonnage
consumed after iron, copper, aluminum, and zinc. Some of the many appli-
cations of lead are: automobile batteries, uninterruptible power sources for
computers that store and process vital national security and business infor-
mation, solders used in printed circuit boards, radiation shields in nuclear
facilities, radiation shields in CAT scanners and other medical X-ray appa-
ratus, keels in yachts, balancing weights in computer hard disk drives, lead
and lead-lined vessels in chemical plants, vacuum seals in lightbulbs, the
explosive detonation cords in the Space Shuttle, acousticb arrier panels, crys-
tal glasses, fiber-optic cables, and infrared detectors in pollution monitoring.
These applications underscore the importance of lead to modern life.
The most comprehensive text on this topic is Lead and Lead Alloys
by Hoffmann,p ublished by Springer Verlag in 1941a ndr evised in 1962
and 1970. In response to a recognized need, Frank Goodwin, of the Inter-
national Lead Zinc Research Organization, initiated and organized a con-
sortium of sponsorsf ora nu p-to-datea ndc omprehensiveb ook on lead.
When Dr. Goodwin approached me to write this book, I was excited and
honored to be trusted with this enormous task. The book is intended as an
introductory resource on lead and lead alloys, providing information on en-
gineering properties, processing of various lead forms, and engineering ap-
plications that takea dvantage of the unique properties of lead and lead
alloys. The book will also be a resource for professionals involved in the
production and application of lead alloy products. It is hoped that the text
will stimulatei mprovements in existing applicationsa ndd evelopment of
new applications to take advantage of the unique properties of lead and lead
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